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Chapter 6

Urinary System

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OBJECTIVES

Identify the organs and other structures of the urinary systemBuild and analyze medical terms using word parts and be able to define and spell the word parts Define terms for the urinary systemInterpret the meanings of the abbreviations

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Urinary System Function

Removes waste material from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration in the body fluid

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Frontal Section of Kidney

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pH Regulation

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Kidneys are the “functional organs” of the urinary system

“Not just for urine production”

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Anatomy of Male Urinary Tract

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Female Urinary System

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ORGANS

KidneysUreter(s)Urinary BladderUrethra

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Urinary System (cont’d)

kidneys: 2 bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances.

nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney.

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Normal Kidney

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Kidney, Normal (C.S.)

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Urinary System (cont’d)

kidneys: 2 bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Their function is to remove waste products from the blood and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balances.

nephron: urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney.

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Glomerular Structure

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Normal Kidney (200x)

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Urinary System (cont’d)

ureters: 2 slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladderurinary bladder: muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine

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Urinary System (cont’d)

ureters: 2 slender tubes, approximately 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladderurinary bladder: muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine

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Urinary System (cont’d)

urethra: lowest part of the urinary tract through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body (female, 1.5 inches; male, 8 inches)

urinary meatus: the opening through which urine passes to the outside

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Combining Forms for the Urinary System

cyst/o, vesic/oglomerul/omeat/onephr/o, ren/opyel/oureter/ourethr/o

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Combining Forms Commonly Used with Urinary System Terms

albumin/oazot/oblast/oglyc/o, glycos/ohydr/olith/onoct/iolig/o

son/o tom/ourin/o, ur/o

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Suffixes

-iasis, -esis-lysis-megaly-ptosis-rrhaphy-tripsy-trophy-uria

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Three of Four Suffixes Beginning with -rrh

Suffix Meaning Chapter-rrhea flow, excessive discharge 4

-rrhagia rapid flow of blood 5

-rrhaphy suturing, repairing 6

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Three Word Parts that Incorporate the Root “tom”

Word Part Meaning Chapter-tome (S) instrument used 4

to cut

-tomy (S) cut into or incision 5

tom/o (WR) cut, section 6

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts

cystitiscystocelecystolithglomerulonephritishematuriahydronephrosisnephroblastomanephrohypertrophynephrolithiasis

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(bladder) / cv / (stone)

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Chronic Glomerulonephritis(Renal Failure)

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Disease and Disorder Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

nephromegalynephroptosispyelitisuremiaureteroceleureterostenosisurethrocystitis

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Helpful Information

To correctly define the terms uremia and hematuria, start at the beginning of the term.

The term uremia is a toxic condition resulting from urea in the blood. For learning purposes, we have allowed the definition of uremia to be urine in the blood. The term hematuria means blood in the urine.

Hematuria is a symptom, whereas uremia is a serious disorder.

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Disease and Disorder Terms Not Built from Word Parts

epispadiashypospadiaspolycystic kidney diseaserenal calculirenal hypertensionurinary retentionurinary suppressionurinary tract infection

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Hypospadia

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Polycystic Kidney

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General Photos

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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts

cystectomycystolithotomycystoplastycystorrhaphycystotomy or vesicotomylithotripsymeatotomynephrostomy

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(renal pelvis) / cv / (stone) / cv / (incision)

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Surgical Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

nephrectomynephrolysisnephropexynephropyelolithotomypyelolithotomypyeloplastyureterectomyurethroplasty

Surgical Terms Not Built from Word Parts

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)fulgurationrenal transplant

Cystic fulguration

Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts─Diagnostic Imaging

cystogramcystographycystourethrogramintravenous urogramnephrogramnephrographynephrosonographyrenogramretrograde pyelogram

Cystogram

Diagnostic Terms Built from Word Parts─Endoscopy

cystoscopecystoscopymeatoscopemeatoscopynephroscopyurethroscopeurinometer

Nephroscopy

Diagnostic Term Not Built from Word Parts─Diagnostic Imaging

UB (kidney, ureter, and bladder )

Diagnostic Terms Not Built from Word Parts─Laboratory Procedures

blood urea nitogen (BUN)creatininespecific gravity (SG)urinalysis (UA)

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts

albuminuriaanuriadiuresisdysuriaglycosuriahematurianephrologistnocturia

Complementary Terms Built from Word Parts (cont’d)

oliguriapolyuriapyuriaurinaryurologist urology

Complementary Terms Not Built from Word Parts

catheterdistendeddiureticenuresishemodialysis (HD)incontinencemicturatestricturevoid

Abbreviations

BUNcathESWLHD IVUSG

UAUTIVCUG

Hemodialysis

Peritoneal Dialysis

Charting

S - subjectiveO - objectiveA - assessmentP - plan