Civil War and Reconstruction

SS5H1 The student will explain the causes, major events, and consequences of the Civil War.

a. Identify Uncle Tom’s Cabin and John Browns raid on Harper’s Ferry and explain how each of these events related to the Civil War.

b. Discuss how the issues of states’ rights and slavery increased tensions between the North and South.

c. Identify major battles and campaigns: Ft. Sumter, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and the Appomattox Court House.

d. Describe the roles of Abraham Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.

e. Describe the effects of the war on the North and South

SS5H2 The student will analyze the effects of Reconstruction on American Lifea. Describe the purpose of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment.b. Explain the work of the Freedmen’s Bureauc. Explain how slavery was replaced by sharecropping and how African Americans

were prevented from exercising their newly won rights; include discussion of Jim Crow laws and customs.

Standards:

Why was Harriet Tubman Important?Harriet Tubman: Main conductor of the

Underground Railroad. She was an African-American abolitionist.

Abraham Lincoln- President of the Union during the Civil War.

Ulysses S. Grant- Union General of the Civil War

Lincoln: Grant:

Important People:

Jefferson Davis- President of the Confederacy (created a draft for the war)

Robert E. Lee- Commander of the Confederate Army

General LeeThomas “Stonewall” Jackson- Led the Confederate Army in

the battle of Bull Run. He held his ground and led his soldiers to victory in chaotic battle conditions.

Important People:

Harriet Beecher Stowe- Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Sold over 300,00 copies the first yearShe was against the Fugitive Slave LawUncle Tom’s Cabin was a story that described

the cruelty of slaveryThe book convinced many northerners that

slavery was wrong, but the southerners insisted that Stowe’s picture of slavery was false.

This book pushed the North and South further apart

Important People:

John Brown- A white abolitionist that raided U.S. army post in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia.

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry- John Brown wanted to fight slavery on his own.He started a rebellion against slavery in

Harper’s FerryThe government accused and found guilty of

treasonThe raid increased tensions between the

North and South, and it became harder to compromise over slavery.

Important People/Event:

After Lincoln’s Election:Government passed tariffs and tried to limit

slavery, southerners argued that their states’ rights were under attack.

Southerners believed the federal government was becoming too powerful

Secession: Southerners believed that this was the only way to protect their rightsSecession- to break away from the union11 states seceded from the Union to form the

Confederacy (including Georgia)States tried to leave the Union which began a

terrible war.

A Divided Nation and Secession:

State Date of Secession South Carolina December 20, 1860

Mississippi January 9, 1861 Florida January 10, 1861 Alabama January 11, 1861 Georgia January 19, 1861 Louisiana January 26, 1861 Texas February 1, 1861 Virginia April 17, 1861 Arkansas May 6, 1861 North Carolina May 20, 1861 Tennessee June 8, 1861

Fort Sumter (South Carolina): The first shots were fired which marked the beginning of the Civil War.

Confederates attacked Fort Sumter when Lincoln refused to surrender the Fort.

Civil War- A war between two groups or regions within a nation.

Major Battles:

Gettysburg (Pennsylvania) Turning Point for the Union Army-

The Union soldiers were ready as 14,000 Confederates charged across an open field

After the Confederacy suffered many causalities, Lee’s weakened army had to retreat.

Gettysburg Address: Lincoln declared the Union was fighting to make sure that American democracy would survive.

Major Battles:

Atlanta Campaign:Atlanta: Center for the Confederate’s supplies,

factories, and railroads.Union General William Sherman led an attack

on AtlantaEven though the Confederates fought back,

they were no match to the Union’s large army.

The Union captured Atlanta and telegraphed Lincoln with the good news

Major Campaign:

Total War- destroying the enemy’s resourcesAfter the Confederate defeat in Atlanta,

General Sherman marched his army to Savannah, GA destroying everything in their pathSherman destroyed the Confederate’s supplies,

food, and factories

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Appomattox Courthouse (Virginia):General Lee and Grant met at Appomattox

Courthouse where Lee surrenderedLee sent food and supplies to the weak

Confederate soldiersThe Civil War was over!

Major Campaign:

The majority of the battles were fought in the South

The South suffered the most.Inflation- There was a rise in prices on

products such as butter and baconSouth needed to REBUILD:

businessesfarmshomes

Effects of War:

Reconstruction- The period when the South rejoined the UnionRebuilding the South

Freedman’s Bureau- protected the rights of people freed from slavery.provided foodclothingmedical carelegal advice to poor blacks and whitesset up hospitals, schools and jobs for many

Reconstruction

Constitution Changes13th Amendment- Slavery would be abolished in the United States.

14th Amendment- States could not limit the rights of citizens, equal protection of the law (due process of law)*Created to protect African Americans from Black Codes which limited their rights15th Amendment- All MEN were granted the right to vote (no matter their skin color)

Sharecropping- a system in which landowners set upit let poor whites and former slaves become

farmersthe poor farmers used the landowner’s fieldsIn return, the farmer gave the landowner a

share (money) of the cropLandowners also let sharecroppers use their

tools and seedsMany times the sharecropper found it hard to

pay his debts to the landowner

Reconstruction

Even though slavery did not exist, African-American still struggled for freedom

Jim Crow Laws were passeda nickname for laws that kept African Americans

separate from other Americansegregation in hospitalssegregation in schoolssegregation in restaurants

Segregation- forced separation of the racesJim Crow Laws prevented African Americans

from exercising their rights

Reconstruction:

African Americans

faced challenge

s

Sharecropping

Lack of good schools and

hospitals

segregation

Jim Crow Laws

Challenges for newly freed African Americans