1. Consonant Sounds

2. Say mmmm which parts of the vocal tract areinvolved? Mainly the lips - its a bilabial consonant WHERE = PLACE OF ARTICULATION Pinch your nose what happens? The sound stops: its a nasal (not an oral)consonant HOW = MANNER OF ARTICULATION Put your fingers in your ears what do you hear? (Or put them on your larynx what do you feel?) The vibrations of the vocal cords: its a voicedconsonant VOICED or VOICELESS 3. Using these three variables we can classifyany consonant: Place of articulation (where) Manner of articulation (how) Voiced or voicelessIn this presentation, voiced sounds are givenred symbols, e.g. /m/ 4. lips p pie b buy m mute w wood 5. upper teeth lower lipf fine v vine 6. upper teethtip of tongue thin this 7. alveolar ridgetip/blade of tonguet tie d dies Sue z zoon night l light 8. shoe, pressure pleasure cheap jeep rrack 9. j yes 10. velumback of tongue k curl g girl rang 11. Bilabial: p b Alveolar: t d Velar: k g 12. Palato-alveolar orLabiodental: f v Alveolar: s z post-alveolar: 13. (Velum is raised, directing air (Velum is lowered, allowing airout through the oral cavity)to enter the nasal cavity) 14. Bilabial: m Alveolar: n Velar: 15. Affricates (a combination of stop + fricative): = voiceless post-alveolar affricate = voiced post-alveolar affricate Approximants (articulators approach each other butdo not touch):w r j Lateral (also called lateral approximant; air flowsover sides of tongue): l 16. Voiced or voiceless Place of articulation Manner of articulationExample 1 : s (sing):= A voiceless, alveolar, (central), (oral) fricative- A voiceless, alveolar plosive/stop = ?/t/ What is /k/?- A voiceless, velar plosive/stop 17. The International Phonetic Alphabet: the English consonants Full IPA with audio illustrations: http://web.uvic.ca/ling/resources/ipa/charts/IPAlab/IPAlab.htm