grid control cooperation – coordination of secondary control · coordination of secondary...
TRANSCRIPT
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Prof. Dr. techn. G. Scheffknecht
Institute of Combustion and Power Plant Technology
Exchange of balancing services ‐ Market design and modelling, AmsterdamOctober 28, 2010
Dipl.-Ing. Pavel ZolotarevUniversity of Stuttgart
Grid Control Cooperation –
Coordination of Secondary Control
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2
Introduction
Continental Europe power system - synchronously interconnected control areas
Load and power generation from renewable sources cannot be predicted accurately.
In order to ensure the power system stability power generation must be continuously adjusted to power demand by load-frequency control.
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3
Introduction
Continental Europe power system - synchronously interconnected control areas
Load and power generation from renewable sources cannot be predicted accurately.
In order to ensure the power system stability power generation must be continuously adjusted to power demand by load-frequency control.
Secondary Control (SC):• Stationary restores the power balance of a control area • Control variable – actual power interchange of a control area• Horizontal structure:
− One controller implemented in each control area− No coordination of secondary control power (SCP) activation
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Secondary Control Loop
Power balance of a control area
Control deviation: Area Control Error (ACE)
Power Balance
ACE
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Secondary Control Loop
Power balance of a control area
Control deviation: Area Control Error (ACE)
Control area short – positive SCP demandControl area long – negative SCP demand
Secondary Controller
Power Balance
ACE
SCP-request
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Secondary Control Loop
Power balance of a control area
Control deviation: Area Control Error (ACE)
Control area short – positive SCP demandControl area long – negative SCP demand
Secondary Controller
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
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Secondary Control Loop
Power balance of a control area
Control deviation: Area Control Error (ACE)
Control area short – positive SCP demandControl area long – negative SCP demand
Dimensioning of necessary SCP reserves and their activation is conducted with respect to technical and economic criteria for one
control area!
Secondary Controller
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
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Interconnected Power System
Secondary Controller
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area A
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Interconnected Power System
Secondary Controller
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area A
Power Balance
SC Power Plant Units
Secondary Controller
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area C
Secondary Controller
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area B
other control areas
Technical and financial benefit through Grid Control Cooperation!
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Index
1. Grid Control Cooperation Modules
2. Technical Concept
3. Example from Operation
4. Implementation in Germany
5. Summary
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Index
1. Grid Control Cooperation Modules
2. Technical Concept
3. Example from Operation
4. Implementation in Germany
5. Summary
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Module 1
Module 1:
Inherent in the system: concurrently short and long control areas activate SCP with different signs.
Counteracting SCP avoidance
Less control energy needed (lower energy costs)
Grid Control Cooperation
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Module 2
Module 2:
Control areas must cover the risk of power imbalances with SCP reserves.
Risk distribution and joint dimensioning of SCP reserves
Lower SCP reserves needed (lower costs)
Grid Control Cooperation
Module 1:Counteracting SCP avoidance
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Module 3
Module 3:
SCP reserves must be procured.
Joint cross-border procurement
Overall cheapest SCP is bought
Higher supply but stable demand could lead to lower prices
Grid Control Cooperation
Module 1:Counteracting SCP avoidance
Module 2:Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves
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Module 4
Module 4:
SCP is activated under consideration of energy costs (e.g. with respect to a merit order list).
Cross-border cost optimal SCP activation
Possible market based effects on control energy price
Module 3:Joint SCP procurement
Grid Control Cooperation
Module 2:Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves
Module 1:Counteracting SCP avoidance
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Grid Control Cooperation Modules
Module 4:Cross-border cost-optimal SCP activation
Grid Control Cooperation
Module 3:Joint SCP procurement
Module 2:Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves
Module 1:Counteracting SCP avoidance
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Index
1. Grid Control Cooperation Modules
2. Technical Concept
3. Example from Operation
4. Implementation in Germany
5. Summary and Outlook
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Grid Control Cooperation Modules
Module 4:Cross-border cost-optimal SCP activation
Grid Control Cooperation
Module 3:Joint SCP procurement
Module 2:Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves
Module 1:Counteracting SCP avoidance
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Grid Control Cooperation Modules
Module 4:Cross-border cost-optimal SCP activation
Grid Control Cooperation
Module 3:Joint SCP procurementonly organizational
Module 2:Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves
Module 1:Counteracting SCP avoidance
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Interconnected Power System
Secondary Controller
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area A
Power Balance
SC Power Plant Units
Secondary Controller
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area C
Secondary Controller
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area B
other control areas
Technical and financial benefit through Grid Control Cooperation!
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Secondary Control Optimization
Secondary Controller
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area A
Power Balance
SC Power Plant Units
Secondary Controller
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area C
Secondary Controller
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area B
other control areas
SC-Optimization
correction
correction
correction
correction
SCP demand SCP demand
SCP demand SCP demand
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Integration into Secondary Control Structure
int,aP -
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setP-ACEP
existing
sc,aP
distint,aP
-
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Integration into Secondary Control Structure
int,aP -
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setP-ACEP
existing
sc,aP
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Integration into Secondary Control Structure
-
corr,2 corr,3 corr,, , , iP P P
SC-Optimization
corr,1P
int,aP
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setPACEP
existing
newdemand,1P
demand,2 demand,3 demand,, , , iP P P
sc,aP-
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Integration into Secondary Control Structure
- -
corr,2 corr,3 corr,, , , iP P P
SC-Optimization
corr,1P
int,aP
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setPACEP
existing
newdemand,1P
demand,2 demand,3 demand,, , , iP P P
sc,aP
Definition of SCP demand?
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Integration into Secondary Control Structure
- -
SC-Optimization
corr,2 corr,3 corr,, , , iP P P
corr,1P
int,aP
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setPACEP
-ACE corr,1P P−
demand,2 demand,3 demand,, , , iP P P
existing
newdemand,1P
sc,aP
Demand = ACE without correction
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Integration into Secondary Control Structure
- -
SC-Optimization
corr,2 corr,3 corr,, , , iP P P
corr,1P
int,aP
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setPACEP
-ACE corr,1P P− sc,aP
demand,2 demand,3 demand,, , , iP P P
existing
newdemand,1P
sc,aP
Demand = ACE without correction and without activated SCP
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Integration into Secondary Control Structure
- -
SC-Optimization
corr,2 corr,3 corr,, , , iP P P
corr,1P
int,aP
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setPACEP
-ACE corr,1P P− sc,aP
demand,2 demand,3 demand,, , , iP P P
existing
newdemand,1P
sc,aP
distint,aP
-
Demand = ACE without correction and without activated SCP
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Integration into Secondary Control Structure
- -
SC-Optimization
corr,2 corr,3 corr,, , , iP P P
corr,1P
int,aP
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setPACEP
-ACE corr,1P P− sc,aP
demand,2 demand,3 demand,, , , iP P P
existing
newdemand,1P
sc,aP
distint,aP
-
+
Demand = ACE without correction and without activated SCP
Demand contains no information fromclosed control loop –
Stability is guaranteed!
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Integration into Secondary Control Structure
- -
SC-Optimization
corr,2 corr,3 corr,, , , iP P P
corr,1P
int,aP
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setPACEP
-ACE corr,1P P− sc,aP
demand,2 demand,3 demand,, , , iP P P
existing
newdemand,1P
sc,aP
import/export boundson/off switch
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Index
1. Grid Control Cooperation Modules
2. Technical Concept
3. Example from Operation
4. Implementation in Germany
5. Summary and Outlook
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Grid Control Cooperation in Germany
TNG
TPS
Four control areas• Amprion GmbH (AMP)• TenneT TSO GmbH (TTG)• 50Hertz Transmission GmbH (50Hz)• EnBW Transportnetze AG (TNG)
AMP
50HzTTG
TNG
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Grid Control Cooperation in Germany
Four control areas• Amprion GmbH (AMP)• TenneT TSO GmbH (TTG)• 50Hertz Transmission GmbH (50Hz)• EnBW Transportnetze AG (TNG)
December 2008: Grid Control Cooperation launched by TNG,
50Hz and TTG Control areas remain independent
University of Stuttgart
AMP
50Hz
TNG
TTG
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Example from Operation
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
SCP demands
MW
min.
TNG demand 50Hz demand TTG demand
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
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Counteracting SCP Demands
SCP demands counteracting counteractingcounteractingcounteracting
MW
min.
TNG demand 50Hz demand TTG demand
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Netted Demand
Netted SCP demand of all participants
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
+ 1500 MW
+ 640 MW
MW
min.
GCC demand
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TNG Demand
SCP demands counteracting counteractingcounteractingcounteracting
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800MW
min.
TNG demand
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Counteracting SCP avoidance
SCP demands counteracting counteractingcounteractingcounteracting
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800MW
min.
TNG demand TNG Module 1
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Counteracting SCP avoidance
SCP demands counteracting counteractingcounteractingcounteracting
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800MW
min.
TNG demand TNG Module 1
Saved energy!
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Counteracting SCP avoidance
SCP demands counteracting counteractingcounteractingcounteracting
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800MW
min.
TNG demand TNG Module 1
Cross-border cost optimization?
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Goal: Cost Optimal Netted Demand Coverage
Netted SCP demand of all participants
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
+ 1500 MW
+ 640 MW
MW
min.
GCC demand
Cost optimization only for positive SCP demand needed
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Positive Merit Order List
+ 640 MW
+ 1500 MW
Merit Order List Position
Available in TNG [MW]
Available in TTG [MW]
Available in 50Hz [MW]
Available in Total [MW]
1 20 0 0 20
2 0 55 0 75
3 40 0 0 115
4 0 160 0 275
5 160 0 0 435
6 0 35 0 470
7 320 0 0 790
8 0 0 433 1223
9 428 0 0 1651
(minimum demand)
(maximum demand)
Lowest energy price
Highest energy price
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Positive Merit Order List
Coverage of minimum SCP demand (always activated)
Coverage of maximum SCP demand
Merit Order List Position
Available in TNG [MW]
Available in TTG [MW]
Available in 50Hz [MW]
Available in Total [MW]
1 20 0 0 20
2 0 55 0 75
3 40 0 0 115
4 0 160 0 275
5 160 0 0 435
6 0 35 0 470
7 320 0 0 790
8 0 0 433 1223
9 428 0 0 1651
+ 640 MW
+ 1500 MW
(minimum demand)
(maximum demand)
Lowest energy price
Highest energy price
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TNG Demand and Module 1
SCP demands counteracting counteractingcounteractingcounteracting
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800MW
min.
TNG demand TNG Module 1
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TNG Module 1 and Module 4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
SCP demand, Module 1 and Module 4 correction signals
MW
min.
TNG demand TNG Module 1 TNG Module 4
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
46
TNG – Effect of Correction Signal
MW
min.
TNG demand
SCP demand, correction signals and demand after correction
TNG Module 1 TNG Module 4 TNG corrected demand
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47
50Hz – Effect of Correction Signal
MW
min.
50Hz demand 50Hz corrected demand
SCP demand and demand after correction
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
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48
TTG – Effect of Correction Signal
SCP demand and demand after correction
MW
min.
TTG demand TTG corrected demand
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 600
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
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49
Goal: Cost Optimal Netted Demand Coverage
Netted SCP demand of all participants
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
+ 1500 MW
+ 640 MW
MW
min.
GCC demand
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50
Result of Grid Control Cooperation
Netted SCP demand of all participants and sum of secondary controller outputs
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600MW
min.
GCC demand Sum of secondary controller outputs
The sum of SCP activation = Netted GCC demand!
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51
Index
1. Grid Control Cooperation Modules
2. Technical Concept
3. Example from Operation
4. Implementation in Germany
5. Summary and Outlook
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52
Grid Control Cooperation in Germany
Four control areas• Amprion GmbH (AMP)• TenneT TSO GmbH (TTG)• 50Hertz Transmission GmbH (50Hz)• EnBW Transportnetze AG (TNG)
December 2008: Grid Control Cooperation launched by TNG,
50Hz and TTG Control areas remain independent
University of Stuttgart
AMP
TNG
50HzTTG
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53
Grid Control Cooperation in Germany
Four control areas• Amprion GmbH (AMP)• TenneT TSO GmbH (TTG)• 50Hertz Transmission GmbH (50Hz)• EnBW Transportnetze AG (TNG)
December 2008: Grid Control Cooperation launched by TNG,
50Hz and TTG Control areas remain independent
May 2010: AMP joins the Grid Control Cooperation
AMP
TNG
University of Stuttgart
50HzTTG
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54
Timeline of Implementation
Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct.
20092008
Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4
Module 1: Counteracting SCP avoidance (December 2008)
Common balancing energy price for participating control areas (May 2009)
Module 2: Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves (June 2009)
Module 3: Joint procurement (July 2009)
Module 4: Cross-border cost optimization (October 2009)
Common balancing energy price
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55
Estimated Cost Savings for Germany
Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct.
20092008
Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4
Module 1: Counteracting SCP avoidance (December 2008) – approx. 120 mil. € pa.
Common balancing energy price for participating control areas (May 2009)
Module 2: Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves (June 2009) – approx. 140 mil. € pa.
Module 3: Joint procurement (July 2009)
Module 4: Cross-border cost optimization (October 2009)
Common balancing energy price
double digit mil. € savings
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56
Index
1. Grid Control Cooperation Modules
2. Technical Concept
3. Modelling
4. Implementation in Germany
5. Summary
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57
Summary
Grid Control Cooperation:• Counteracting SCP avoidance (Module 1)• Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves (Module 2)• Joint SCP procurement (Module 3)• Cross-border cost-optimal SCP activation (Module 4)
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58
Summary
Grid Control Cooperation:• Counteracting SCP avoidance (Module 1)• Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves (Module 2)• Joint SCP procurement (Module 3)• Cross-border cost-optimal SCP activation (Module 4)
Coordination of secondary control while maintaining the independence of participating control areas and power system stability
Congestion management system allows restriction power interchange within the Grid Control Cooperation framework
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59
Summary
Grid Control Cooperation:• Counteracting SCP avoidance (Module 1)• Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves (Module 2)• Joint SCP procurement (Module 3)• Cross-border cost-optimal SCP activation (Module 4)
Coordination of secondary control while maintaining the independence of participating control areas and power system stability
Congestion management system allows restriction power interchange within the Grid Control Cooperation framework
Implementation in Germany:• Cost savings: approximately 300 mil. € pa.• Common balancing energy price• Harmonization of SCP market
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60
The End
Thank you!
# Simplicity# Stability# Back-up plan# Cost savings# Market impact# Extension
AMP
VE-TTPS
TNG
Stuttgart
Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct.
20092008
Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4Common balancing energy price
Module 4:Cost-optimal SCP activation
Grid Control Cooperation
Module 3:Joint SCP procurement
Module 2:Joint dimensioning of SCP reserves
Module 1:Counteracting SCP avoidance
SecondaryController
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area A
Power Balance
SC Power Plant Units
SecondaryController
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area C
SecondaryController
SC Power Plant Units
Power Balance
SCP
ACE
SCP-request
Control Area B
other control areas
SC-Optimization
correction
correction
correction
correction
demand demand
demand demand
Powergrid 08.06.2010
- -
SC-Optimization
corr,2 corr,3 corr,, , , iP P P
corr,1P
int,aP
K f∆int,setP Secondary Controller Secondary ControlledPower Plant Units
sc,setPACEP
-ACE corr,1P P− sc,aP
demand,2 demand,3 demand,, , , iP P P
existing
newdemand,1P
sc,aP
import/export boundson/off switch
scheduled power plant units
secondary controller
Σ
secondary controlled power plant units
schedule
- -
-
- primary controlled power plants and
self-regulating effect
Σ
Σ
ΣK f∆
int,setP
sc,setP
sc,aP
ACEP
demandPcorrP
2,schedP
1,schedP
f∆
−load genP P
3,schedP
loadP
genP
int,aP
-
genP
zP
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61
Modelling of Power Systems at IFK
12 oW
0o
12oE 24oE
36o E
30 oN
36 oN
42 oN
48 oN
54 oN Nonlinear, dynamic model of the ENTSO-E CE power system including: > 1000 power plant units > 3000 dynamic loads > 7000 transmission lines > 900 transformers Investigation of dynamic and stationary power
system behavior 400 kV 220 kV HDVC
Wide Area Monitoring: 8 frequency measuring units in Europe:
• Sevilla, Madrid, Aalborg, Gliwice, Zagreb, Timisoara, Athens and Stuttgart
2 frequency measuring units in Africa:• Algiers/Algeria + Sfax/Tunesia
19 frequency measuring units in Turkey
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Summary Dynamic Load-Frequency Model
Control Area 1
Control Area n
Control Area 2
Control Area k
Rest
62
Summary dynamic load-frequency behavior of a synchronous network:
……
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Summary Dynamic Load-Frequency Model
Control Area 1
Control Area n
Control Area 2
Control Area k
Rest
63
Summary dynamic load-frequency behavior of a synchronous network:
−load genP P
……
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Summary Dynamic Load-Frequency Model
Control Area 1
Control Area n
Control Area 2
Control Area k
Rest
Summarized Network
Dynamics
64
Summary dynamic load-frequency behavior of a synchronous network:
f∆
−load genP P
……
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Summary Dynamic Load-Frequency Model
Control Area 1
Control Area n
Control Area 2
Control Area k
Rest
SC-Optimization
Summarized Network
Dynamics
f∆
demand corr,P P
65
Summary dynamic load-frequency behavior of a synchronous network:
……
−load genP P
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Control Area Model
schedule
66
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Control Area Model
Σschedule
Σ
2,schedP
1,schedP
3,schedP
GenP
67
primary controlled power plants and
self-regulating effect
scheduled power plant units
secondary controlled power plant units
Σ
Σ
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Control Area Model
Σschedule
-Σ
68
primary controlled power plants and
self-regulating effect
scheduled power plant units
secondary controlled power plant units
Σ
Σ
2,schedP
1,schedP
−load genP P
3,schedP
loadP
genP
genP
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Control Area Model
Σschedule
-
-Σ
zP
69
primary controlled power plants and
self-regulating effect
scheduled power plant units
secondary controlled power plant units
Σ
Σ
2,schedP
1,schedP
−load genP P
3,schedP
loadP
genP
genP
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Control Area Model
Σschedule
-
-Σf∆
zP
70
primary controlled power plants and
self-regulating effect
scheduled power plant units
secondary controlled power plant units
Σ
Σ
2,schedP
1,schedP
−load genP P
3,schedP
loadP
genP
genP
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Control Area Model
secondary controller
Σschedule
- -
-Σf∆
71
-
primary controlled power plants and
self-regulating effect
scheduled power plant units
secondary controlled power plant units
Σ
Σ
sc,setPACEP
2,schedP
1,schedP
−load genP P
3,schedP
loadP
genP
int,aP
genP
zP
K f∆
int,setP
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Control Area Model
scheduled power plant units
secondary controller
Σ
secondary controlled power plant units
schedule
- -
-
- primary controlled power plants and
self-regulating effect
Σ
Σ
Σ
sc,setP
sc,aP
ACEP
demandPcorrP
2,schedP
1,schedP
f∆
−load genP P
3,schedP
loadP
genP
72
int,aP
-
genP
zP
K f∆
int,setP
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Control Area Model
scheduled power plant units
secondary controller
Σ
secondary controlled power plant units
schedule
- -
-
- primary controlled power plants and
self-regulating effect
Σ
Σ
Σint,setP
sc,setP
sc,aP
ACEP
demandPcorrP
2,schedP
1,schedP
f∆
−load genP P
3,schedP
loadP
genP
73
int,aP
-
genP
zP
control area disturbance from measurements
K f∆
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74
Remarks
Control area model can be used to represent a balancing group
Dynamic power plant models:• linear approximations for input-output behavior (“TSO perspective”),• or detailed, nonlinear models for investigations of load-frequency control impact on
power plant units (“power plant perspective”)− different power plant types (coal-fired, hydraulic, nuclear etc.)− different operating modes (turbine in control, steam generator in control)
Simplifications with respect to the focus of investigations are possible
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75
Remarks
Control area model can be used to represent a balancing group
Dynamic power plant models:• linear approximations for input-output behavior (“TSO perspective”),• or detailed, nonlinear models for investigations of load-frequency control impact on
power plant units (“power plant perspective”)− different power plant types (coal-fired, hydraulic, nuclear etc.)− different operating modes (turbine in control, steam generator in control)
Simplifications with respect to the focus of investigations are possible
Model validation based on comparison of simulated and published secondary control energy and costs:
• Simulation tends to overestimate activated control energy (and thus costs)• Overestimation error is smaller than 10%