matter anything that has mass and takes up space ( has volume ). the four physical states of matter...
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Matter Anything that has mass and takes
up space ( has volume ). The four physical states of matter are:
Solid Liquid Gas Plasma
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Solids Solids have a definite
shape and volume.
The atoms move, but they stay in place.
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Liquids The shape of a liquid
changes to fit the container it is in.
But it has definite volume.
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Gas Gases have a
shifting shape and volume.
They expand to fit the entire container into which they are placed.
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Plasma Lightning is a plasma. Plasma is a lot like a gas, but
the particles are electrically charged.
Used in fluorescent lights and neon signs.
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What determines the state of matter?
What would it take for matter to move from one state to another?
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Energy determines the state!
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Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
Endothermic change
Exothermic change
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The unique character, or the way matter reacts is said to be its properties.
These are grouped into two classes: Physical Chemical
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Physical properties are special characteristics that make up the physical composition of a sample and do not produce a new substance:
Color Shape Density Size
Phase changes – melting and boiling points
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Phase Changes Melting - melting occurs when a
substance changes from a solid to a liquid Boiling - boiling is when a substance
changes from a liquid to a gas Condensing - condensation is when a
gas changes to a liquid Freezing - freezing is when a liquid
changes to a solid Sublimation – when a solid changes
directly to a gas
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Chemical properties are those characteristics that focus on a substance’s behavior when mixed with another element or compound.
Chemical changes produce a new substance: Burning Rusting Photosynthesis
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Chemical changes take place on the molecular level.
A chemical change produces a new substance. If you mix vinegar and baking soda you can’t
change them back once the reaction occurs.
There may be clues that a chemical reaction took place, such as light, heat, color change, gas production, odor, or sound.
The starting and ending materials of a physical change are the same, even though they may look different.
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Solutions A solution results from combining
two or more substances. Making a solution can produce either
a physical or chemical change. You can tell them apart this way: The original substances can be separated
from one another if the solution produces only a physical change.
The original substances cannot be separated from one another if a chemical change took place.
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Solids There are two types of solids:
Crystalline – have a very orderly, three-dimensional arrangement of particles in a repeating pattern of rows.
Iron, diamond and ice are examples of crystalline solids.
Amorphous – are made of particles that do not have a special arrangement.
Glass, rubber and wax are examples of amorphous solids.
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Special characteristics of liquids:
Surface tension – a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid sometimes causing it to form spherical drops.
Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow. The more viscous a fluid is the more slowly it will flow.
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How gases behave depends on three
factors: Temperature - as temperature
increases the particles of gas move faster.
Volume - the volume of a gas depends on the container it is in.
Pressure - as you increase the number of particles of a gas inside a container, the more the pressure increases.
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Temperature is a measure of how fast the particles in an object are moving.
Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up.
Pressure is the amount of force on a given area of surface.