Reconstruction3 Plans

Lincoln’s Johnson, Radical Republicans

Reconstruction: 1865-1877 – a period when the federal government tried to repair the damage to the South & restore southern states to the Union

Lincoln’s Plan•10% plan•Former Confederate states would be “readmitted” to the Union if 10% of their citizens took an oath of loyalty to the Union (amnesty) & ratified the 13th Amendment which abolished slavery.•Congress saw Lincoln’s plan as a threat to Congressional authority – Legislative v. Executive•Opposition to plan – Radical Republicans – saw Lincoln’s plan as too lenient; wanted to punish the South – responded with the Wade-Davis Bill -50% (pocket veto)•Not put into effect because Lincoln was assassinated.

Andrew Johnson’s PlanPresidential Reconstruction

•Southern states were required to nullify their acts of secession, abolish slavery (ratify the 13th Amendment), & refuse to pay (repudiate) Confederate war debts to be readmitted to the Union•Johnson also pardoned all rebels except ex-Confederate officeholders & the richest planters unless they personally asked to be pardoned.•South’s response: Black Codes

Radical Republican orCongressional Reconstruction

• Military Reconstruction Act• Increased the requirements for gaining

readmission to the Union – had to ratify the 14th Amendment & place guarantees in its Constitution for granting the right to vote to all adult males regardless of race (15th Amendment)

Reasons why Reconstruction came to an end:

• The rise of the KKK• KKK – aimed at African Americans & Southern

Republicans• KKK goal – keep African Americans in the role of

submissive laborers & prevent them from voting – Federal response – Enforcement Act of 1870

• People were tired of Reconstruction.• Reconstruction symbolized corruption, greed, poor

government.• Reconstruction meant taxes!• The rise of the Solid South.

How did Reconstruction come to an end?

•The event marking the end of Reconstruction was a deal made between the Democratic & Republican Parties.•Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes (R) v. Samuel Tilden (D)•Compromise of 1877 – In the election of 1876, Hayes would become the next president if he removed the federal troops from the South.

VOCABULARY

1. Wade-Davis Bill2. black codes3. Civil Rights Act 1866 (citizenship to all persons

born in the US except Native Americans)4. Carpetbaggers/scalawags5. Graft6. Whiskey Ring7. “New South”

Black Codes - varied from state to state- aimed to keep African Americans in a condition similar to slavery- included labor contracts- children had to accept apprenticeships in

some states & could be beaten or whipped- included specific work hours- required to get licenses tow ork in nonagricultural jobs

Whiskey Ring * a scandal during Grant’s 2nd term* a group of government officials & distillers cheated the government of millions of dollars by filing false tax reports

New South(still mainly agrarian)* more industrial, but most people still worked in agriculture – tenant farmers, sharecroppers* a thriving iron & steel industry developed (AL)* tobacco in NC* debt for African Americas