reproduction and heredity notes.ppt

7/23/2019 Reproduction and Heredity Notes.ppt

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LESSON 5: MITOSIS & MEIOSIS

COPYING A

CELL

MAKINGSEX

CELLS


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WHY MAKE NEW CELLS?

1.The production of more cells isessential to creating ospring

(babies)2.More cells allows replacing old,damaged cells.3.Used for growth of an organism b

ma!ing more cells.


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"efore we mo#e on$%t&s important to remember that thisis an introduction to chromosomesand '. *e will be loo!ing at the

wa most +lant and nimal cellsreproduce$ but there are more tpesof life out there, and coping theircells doesn&t alwas wor! the same

BUT WAIT!


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HOW ARE NEW CELLS MADE?

DNA IS A CELL PLANNER

-ound in the ucleus of a cell, 'pro#ides instructions for how a cellshould grow.

6thgr

ade

Ref

resher!


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CHROMOSOMES ARE DNA PACKAGES

*hen it&s time for ' to be copiedand split into two cells, it ta!es theshape of a hromosome to ma!e themo#ement less tangled.


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EACH CHROMOSOME/DNA STRANDCONTAINS MANY GENES

/ach gene in a chromosome isresponsible for building ormaintaining a speci0c part of an

organism&s bod.This blue band might bea gene to build our s!in

color.

This orange band mightcontrol whether ou areleft or righthanded

(Usuall !"#$%s a'$! )u#!' !"#s s#*+l', !"-u%".


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HUMAN CHROMOSOMES (01 PAIRS


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W"#2" -3 !"' 3-ll-4#$% 2-$!a#$s

!"' ALL -3 !"' #$s!u2!#-$s 3-"-4 a 2'll s"-ul 6' 2'a!'?A. C"-*-s-*'s

7. G'$'s

C. C!-+las*

D. C'll Wall


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Pla$! 2'lls 2-$!a#$

2"-*-s-*'s.

A. Tu'7. 8als'


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TWO TYPES O8 CELLS

%n most animals and plants there aretwo tpes of cells$

$ and both tpes of cells are made indierent wa, and perform dierentfunctions.

BODY

CELLS

!

SEX

CELLS

!


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7ODY CELLS 9S. SEX CELLS

"od cells are used

to create all theparts that ma!e upan organism.

e cells are used

to create newospring throughseualreproduction.

SPERMCELL

MUSCLE

CELL

7ONE

CELL

NER9E

CELL

EGGCELL


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"efore we mo#e on$4ou&ll notice that all of the cellsmentioned pre#iousl were humanbod cells

5owe#er, 66 organisms are made ofcells. ll organisms ha#e "7'4/66. 7nl organisms that seuall

reproduce ha#e /8 /66.

BUT WAIT!


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LESSON 5: MITOSIS & MEIOSIS

COPYING A

CELL

MAKINGSEX

CELLS


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MITOSIS 9S. MEIOSES

M%T7% 9 ma!inga perfect: cop ofa bod cell.

"egins li!e this$

M/%7% 9 ma!inga se cell.

"egins li!e this$

MITOSIS 9S MEIOSES


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MITOSIS 9S. MEIOSES


/nds li!e this$

M/%7% 9 ma!inga se cell.

/nds li!e this$


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W"a!s !"' +-u2! -3 *'#-s#s?

A. 0 2'lls 4#!" 3ull s'!s -3 2"-*-s-*'s.

7. 0 2'lls 4#!" "al3 s'!s -32"-*-s-*'s.

C. 2'lls 4#!" 3ull s'!s -3 2"-*-s-*'s.

D. 2'lls 4#!" "al3 s'!s -32"-*-s-*'s.


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W"a!s !"' +-u2! -3 *#!-s#s?

A. 0 2'lls 4#!" 3ull s'!s -3 2"-*-s-*'s.

7. 0 2'lls 4#!" "al3 s'!s -3

2"-*-s-*'s.

C. 2'lls 4#!" 3ull s'!s -3 2"-*-s-*'s.

D. 2'lls 4#!" "al3 s'!s -3

2"-*-s-*'s.

MITOSIS 9S MEIOSES


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MITOSIS 9S. MEIOSES

M%T7% 9 ma!ing

a perfect: cop ofa bod cell.

hromosomes

op$

M/%7% 9 ma!ing

a se cell.

hromosomes

wap$

MITOSIS 9S MEIOSES


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MITOSIS 9S. MEIOSES


*h Mitosis;To


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C"-*-s-*'s a' #;''$! #$

s'< 2'lls a$ 6- 2'lls.W"#2" -3 !"' 3-ll-4#$% #s !"'-$l 4a !"a! !"' a' s#*#la?

A. T"' 6-!" "a=' >2-ss-='@.

7. T"' 6-!" "a=' a s#$%l'2"-*-s-*' OR

C. T"' 6-!" a' *a' -3 DNA.


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Y-u $'' !4- s'< 2'lls #$ -'

!- 2'a!' a 3ull s'! -3 DNA.

A. Tu'7. 8als'


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' a2-*+l'!' 2-'

-3 #$s!u2!#-$s!- 6u#lALL+a!s -3 a$

s+'2#'s 6-.

R'*'*6' !"a!

!"''s !4#$"al='s -3 DNA-u %'! -$'

s!a$ 3-*

8&-*M-*

8&-*Da

5


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=// a +a!-3 !"' DNA 2-'

!"a! %#='s#$s!u2!#-$s 3-ONE+a! -3 a

s+'2#'s 6-.

8&-*M-*

H'&'A

A!-H'&'A

T"#s s'2!#-$ -3 DNA %#='s!"' 2-' !- 6u#l -u

Ea4a


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HUMAN CHROMOSOMES (01 PAIRS


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ince 'ad gi#es a set of', too, ou would ha#e

a gene from him that alsobuilds earwa

BUT WAIT!


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66/6/ a$-+!#-$ a %'$'

2a$ 6' 2-' as.YOUR-+!#-$s'+'$ -$ 4"a!

-u +a'$!s%#=' -uB

8&-*M-*

8&-*Da

5

M-* %#='s -u a$ all'l'3- , 2u*6l 'a4a


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*ee got two tpes of earwa;

5ow does the bod !now what

to choose;

*e&ll eplore that later in thelesson

BUT WAIT!


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L'!s '


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M. M#2"a'l s 8a2#al Ha#W" s- 7la2?

6i!e all humans, Mr. Michael

has a set of 'that codesinstructions to grow all partsof his bod, including facialhair.

nd again, li!eall humans, Mr.Michael has a=//that is

speci0call incontrol offacial hair

color

To grow blac!, Mr.Michael&s facial hair

gene must ha#e

66/6/from hisparents that code

for blac!hair

M Ra4l#$s 8a2#al Ha#


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M. Ra4l#$s 8a2#al Ha#W" s- R'?

6i!e all humans, Mr. >awlins

has a set of 'that codesinstructions to grow all partsof his bod, including facialhair.

nd again, li!eall humans, Mr.>awlins has a=//that is

speci0call incontrol offacial hair

color

To grow red, Mr.>awlins& facial hair

gene must ha#e

66/6/from hisparents that code

for redhair


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W"#2" -3 !"' 3-ll-4#$% 2-$!a#$s

!"' ALL -3 !"' #$s!u2!#-$s 3-"-4 a 2'll s"-ul 6' 2'a!'?

A. C"-*-s-*'s7. G'$'s

C. C!-+las*D. C'll Wall


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W"a! !4- !"#$%s - M.Ra4l#$s a$ M. M#2"a'l

s"a'?

W"a! - !"' "a='#;''$!?


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>W' 6-!" "a=' a s'! -3

"u*a$ 'a$ !"'=ene3- 3a2#al "a#.@

>W' 6-!" "a='#;''$! 2-'s 3-

-u lleles!"a!

*a's -u "a#


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*hen describing alleles,

scientists usuall pic! a l'!!'and use it to represent the 'code. "ecause each organism

has two alleles, one from eachparent, the alleles are written as

0letter combos.

++55?


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-or eample, scientists might use

the letter @5A to represent facialhair. capital @5A codes for dar!hair. Mr. Michael probabl has thealleles @5 5A or @5 hA. lowercase @hA codes for lighter hair. Mr.>awlins probabl has the alleles @hhA. *e&d ha#e to learn more about

their genes to be sure.


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Ca+#!al l'!!'s a' 2all' D-*#$a$!.

L-4' 2as' l'!!'s a' 2all''2'ss#='.

D-*#$a$! l'!!'s a' >6ull#'s@. I3!"' a' a-u$, -u 4#ll $-! s'' !"'!a#! (4"a! #! l--s l#' -$ !"'-%a$#s*.


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lleles Traits

3 3 (%'$' 3-$u*6' -3$%'sP-la2!l #s a'2'ss#=' !a#!.8 3


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lleles Traits8 8 (%'$' 3-$u*6' -3$%'sCa$ als- 6'4#!!'$ as 83

T"'' #s a>6ull@+'s'$!


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lleles TraitsF F (%'$' 3-3'2l's Ca$

als- 6' 4#!!'$as F).8'2l's a' a

'2'ss#=' !a#!.) F


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lleles Traits) ) (%'$' 3-3'2l's L--$- >6ull#'[email protected]'*'*6' ) 2-*'s 3-**-* ) 2-*'s 3-*a


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*e all ha#e the gene for 0ngers.The number of 0ngers we ha#e

is determined b the allele.

*e all ha#e the gene for s!in.*hether or not we ha#e frec!les

is determined b the allele.


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lleles Traits

=eno!+' L#s! -3 All'l's

P"'$-!+' L#s! -3 Ta#!s


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lleles Traits

D-*#$a$! /

R'2'ss#=' e

P-#$! 'as

8l-++ 'as


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// or /e B


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eeB


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Pu$$'!! S)ua's


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Pu$$'!! S)ua's

e e


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Pu$$'!! S)ua's

e e

E

'


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Pu$$'!! S)ua's

e e

E E' E'

'


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Pu$$'!! S)ua's

e e

E E' E'

' '' ''


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U%= T5/ %-7>MT%7 =%C/7 T5/ /8T 6%'/, >/T/

+U/TT ?U>/ 7 47U>7T/.

YOUR

TURN!!!

' ': ' a !: - $!


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' ': ' a !: - $!'as

P All'l': E' Ta#!: P-#$!'as

' ': ' a !: - $!


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' ': ' a !: - $!'as

P All'l': E' Ta#!: P-#$!'as/ e

E EE E'

' E' ''


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Ess'$!#al Fu's!#-$s

P#2 !4- -3 !"' 3-ll-4#$%)u's!#-$s a$ 4#!' !"'

$u*6'a$ !"' a$s4'a! !"' 6-!!-* -3 !"'

6a2 -3 -u $-!'s.

H-4 -'s %'$'!#2 #$3-*a!#-$


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. H-4 -'s %'$'!#2 #$3-*a!#-$+ass 3-* +a'$! !- -;s+#$%?

0. H-4 2a$ Pu$$'!! S)ua's 6' us'!- +'#2! -;s+#$%s %'$-!+'s?

1. H-4 2a$ !a#!s 6' 2a#' #$

s-*'-$'s %'$'!#2 *a!'#al, 6u!$'=' s''$?

. H-4 2a$ a -*#$a$! - a'2'ss#=' !a#! 6' +'#2!' us#$% aPu$$'!! s)ua'?

reproduction and heredity notes.ppt

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