Rural and Nonmetropolitan Population Change in Ohio, 1950 to 1998

Prepared by Jeff S. Sharp and Valerie Winland Ohio State University Extension

Ohio Rural-Urban Interface Series: RU-1

November, 1999

1

Table of Contents

Notes on Data...................................................................................................... 2

Highlights ........................................................................................................... 3

Introduction......................................................................................................... 4

Section 1: Comparison of Ohio and Other States ................................................ 5

Section 2: Ohio’s Rural and Urban Population, 1950 to 1990 ............................. 6

Section 3: Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Growth, 1950 to 1998 ................. 7

Section 4: Focus on Population Change in Counties and Metro Regions............13

Section 5: Rural Population Change by Metro/Nonmetro Character...................19

Section 6: Brief Review of Sources of Population Change, 1990 to 1998...........22

Section 7: Conclusions and Implications ...........................................................23

Works Cited .......................................................................................................25

Appendix ...........................................................................................................26

Appendix Table A.1: Population Chang in Ohio Counties, rank ordered.....27

Appendix Table A.2: Rural Population in Counties, rank ordered...............29

Appendix Table A.3: Total County Population, 1950-98 ............................31

Appendix Table A.4: Rural Population by County, 1950-90 .......................33

Appendix Table A.5: Urban Population by County, 1950-90 ......................35

2

Notes on Data Data come from the decennial U.S. census for the time period 1950 to 1990. Also included are 1998 census estimates of population released in March of 1999. Analysis of rural and urban characteristics of the population is confined to the decennial census data since the estimated 1998 population data does not make this distinction. Because of this, some of the data compiled in the tables and texts are for the time period 1950 to 1990 and some are for the time period 1950 to 1998. Despite the 1990 data being somewhat out of date, the reported trends are still worthy of consideration with implications for the 1990s. The data reported in the following document rely on several Census-defined, geographical terms. The following definitions are adapted from explanatory materials located at http://www.CENSUS.GOV/. Metropolitan Area: A metropolitan area is a concept for describing the existence of an area containing a large population nucleus and adjacent communities that have a high degree of economic and social integration with the core of the metro area. Metropolitan areas (MAs) include metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs), consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSA—a combination of two or more MAs), and primary metropolitan statistical areas (the MAs that comprise a CMSA). To qualify as an MSA the following criteria must be met: a city with 50,000 or more inhabitants or a Census Bureau-defined urbanized area (of at least 50,000 inhabitants) and a total metropolitan population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). Further, the county or counties containing the largest city in the MSA are designated the central county(ies). Adjacent counties with at least 50 percent of their population in the urbanized area are also designated central counties of the MSA. Additional “outlying counties” are included in the MSA if they meet certain requirements, such as high level of commuting into the central county(ies) or high population density (See the U.S. Census website for additional detail). Rural and urban are also Census-defined attributes (U.S. Census Bureau, 1995) used in this monograph. Unlike MSAs, designation of rural and urban is made at the subcounty level. Thus within an MSA there can be both rural and urban residents. Urban: urban is defined as comprising all territory, population, and housing units in urbanized areas and in places of 2,500 or more persons outside urbanized areas. More specifically, “urban” consists of territory, persons, and housing units in:

1. Places of 2,500 or more persons incorporated as cities, villages, boroughs (except in Alaska and New York), and towns (except in the six New England States, New York, and Wisconsin), but excluding the rural portions of “extended cities.”

2. Census designated places of 2,500 or more persons. 3. Other territory, incorporated or unincorporated, included in urbanized areas.

Rural: Territory, population, and housing not classified as urban constitute rural.

3

Selected Highlights The following are highlights of some of the data reported in this monograph. More detail and precise figures are found in the report’s text and tables. • Ohio is the seventh most populated state, the ninth most densely populated state, and

ranks fifth in number of rural residents (persons living in villages of less than 2,500 residents or in the open country).

• From 1950 to 1990, Ohio’s urban population (residents living in communities of

more than 2,500 residents) has grown 44 percent. Ohio’s rural population for the same time period grew only 18.6 percent. Statewide population grew 36.5 percent from 1950 to 1990.

• In 1990, 74 percent of Ohio’s population lived in urban places while 26 percent lived

in rural places. • There are 15 metropolitan areas (regions with a central city of 50,000 or more) either

wholly or partially located in the state of Ohio. The 39 Ohio counties comprising these metropolitan areas contain 44.8 percent of the state’s land area and 81 percent of Ohio’s 11.2 million residents.

• Percent population growth in metropolitan Ohio exceeded that of nonmetropolitan

counties during the 1950s and 1960s, but percent change in nonmetropolitan Ohio has been higher in the 1970s, 1980s, and so far in the 1990s.

• Nearly 55 percent of Ohio’s 1990 rural residents (living in villages of 2,500 or less or

in the open country) live in one of the 39 metropolitan counties. • Ohio’s three largest metropolitan areas (Cincinnati-Hamilton, Cleveland-Akron, and

Columbus) are comprised of 19 counties and are home to 52.8 percent of the state’s 1998 estimated population.

• For the time period 1950 to 1998, Clermont County grew 317 percent (the highest

county population change in Ohio). Warren, Medina, Geauga, and Delaware Counties have all grown more than 200 percent during this time period.

• Delaware County has grown an estimated 37.8 percent in the 1990s, fastest growing

county in Ohio. Warren and Union counties have grown an estimated 20 percent during the 1990s.

• Stark, Clermont, and Geauga County had the largest number of rural residents in

1990 (each having over 68,000 rural residents). Each of these three counties are also parts of metropolitan areas.

4

Rural and Nonmetropolitan Population Change in Ohio, 1950 to 1998

Prepared by Jeff S. Sharp and Valerie Winland Ohio State University Extension1

Ohio Rural-Urban Interface Series: RU-1

This is the first in a series of monographs that describe community and agricultural change at the rural/urban interface in Ohio. Secondary data sources, such as the U.S. Census and the Census of Agriculture, provide a variety of demographic data that can show the changes occurring at the rural-urban interface. Understanding these historic patterns of change at the rural/urban interface can aid policy-makers, researchers and local citizens to better anticipate and react to changes occurring where the city and country meet. This report focuses on population change in Ohio counties and regions from 1950 to 1998. Future reports will focus on agricultural change in Ohio and population change in the state’s incorporated places. Introduction

During the 1970s, demographers reported a population shift that came to be known as the nonmetropolitan turnaround (Fuguitt, 1985). After decades of nonmetropolitan population decline, demographers found more Americans were moving to nonmetropolitan areas than were moving out during the 1970s. This period of nonmetropolitan growth slowed (and reversed in some areas) during the farm crisis years of the 1980s. Now, in the 1990s, demographers are once again reporting population growth in nonmetropolitan areas (Beale, 1996). In Ohio, population growth and redistribution is associated with a variety of contemporary concerns such as open space and farmland preservation, agricultural and livestock siting, and local services funding. While this monograph does not address any specific rural-urban interface issue, understanding historic and current population growth patterns may provide insight about how population change may fuel conflicts in some parts of the state. In the following sections, population change data for Ohio, with special attention to rural and nonmetropolitan change, are reviewed. Following this analysis is a concluding section containing some observations about the policy implications of Ohio growth patterns on present and future growth management activities.

1 The authors would like to thank Larry Libby, Rosemary Gliem, and Molly Bean for their helpful comments during preperation of the manuscript as well as Greta Wyrick for assistance in editing the document.

5

Section 1: Comparison of Ohio and Other States Before focusing on population changes within the state of Ohio, it is useful to consider how Ohio’s population compares to other states (Table 1.1). • Ohio is the seventh most populous state in the United States, following California,

New York, Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, and Illinois. • The statewide average population density of Ohio is 9th highest in the nation, with

244 persons/square mile. The seven states with higher density are all located to the east of Ohio and include: New Jersey (890 persons/square mile), Rhode Island (650), Connecticut (594), Massachusetts (568), Maryland (392), New York (331), Delaware (273), and Pennsylvania (260).

• Ohio has the fifth largest rural population among all 50 states (Table 1.1). The U.S.

Census Bureau defines a person as rural if he/she lives in a town of 2,500 residents or less or lives outside an incorporated or census designated place. In other words, a person is rural if he/she lives in a small town or in the open country.

Table 1.1: Rural Population of Selected U.S. States and Change Since 1950

State 1990 Rural Population

1990 Rank

1950 Rural Population

1950 Rank

% Change, 1950 to 1990

States with the Largest Rural Population in 1990 Pennsylvania 3,693,348 1 3,094,976 1 19.3 Texas 3,351,993 2 2,873,134 2 16.7 North Carolina 3,290,859 3 2,693,828 3 22.2 New York 2,826,408 4 2,147,746 5 31.6 OHIO 2,807,706 5 2,368,353 4 18.6 Michigan 2,739,455 6 1,868,682 9 46.6 Georgia 2,380,877 7 1,885,131 8 26.3 California 2,188,700 8 2,046,803 6 6.9 Florida 1,970,598 9 957,415 25 105.8 Indiana 1,946,060 10 1,577,028 14 23.4 States with the Largest Rural Population Decline, 1950 to 1990 Iowa 1,093,690 24 1,370,135 18 -20.2 Kansas 765,010 31 912,079 26 -16.1 Nebraska 534,401 36 703,605 30 -24.0 South Dakota 348,101 42 436,030 37 -20.2 North Dakota 298,461 43 454,819 34 -34.4 Hawaii 122,058 50 154,925 45 -21.2

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• The three states with the largest rural population, Pennsylvania, Texas, and North Carolina, all had 1990 rural populations greater than three million. New York, Ohio and Michigan are the next three states with large rural populations, each with about 2.8 million rural persons.

• Ohio had the fourth largest rural population in 1950 and the state’s rural population

grew 18.6 percent between 1950 and 1990. This increase was higher than the national rural population increase of 13.2 percent between 1950 and 1990.

• Rural population growth in Ohio contrasts with several U.S. states that have strong

rural identities in the American imagination, such as Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and the Dakotas. These five states and Hawaii had the largest declines (between 16 and 34 percent) in rural population between 1950 and 1990.

Section 2: Ohio’s Rural and Urban Population, 1950 to 1990 As noted in the previous section, Ohio is a densely populated state with a relatively large urban and rural population. In this section, some basic facts about the changing rural and urban composition of the state since 1950 are considered. • From 1950 to 1990, Ohio’s total population grew from 7.9 million to 10.8 million

residents, an increase of 36.5 percent (Table 2.1). The urban population grew 44.1 percent during this time period, from 5.6 million to 8.0 million, while the rural population grew from 2.3 million to 2.8 million (an 18.6 percent increase).

• Ohio has become slightly more urban since 1950. In 1950, 70 percent of Ohio

residents lived in urban places while 74 percent did in 1990. The rural population declined from just under 30 percent of the total population in 1950 to about 26 percent in 1990.

Table 2.1: Ohio Rural and Urban Population, 1950 to 1990.

Year Total Urban Rural Urban Rural --population-- --percent-- 1950 7,946,627 5,578,274 2,368,353 70.2 29.8 1960 9,706,406 7,123,171 2,583,235 73.4 26.6 1970 10,652,017 8,025,697 2,626,320 75.3 24.7 1980 10,797,630 7,918,259 2,879,371 73.3 26.7 1990 10,847,115 8,039,037 2,808,078 74.1 25.9

7

• Growth in the rural and urban population has varied by decade since 1950. During the 1950 to 1960 period, the urban population grew 27.7 percent while the rural population grew only 9.1 percent.2 Figure 2.1 illustrates these variations. Growth slowed in the 1960s, but urban growth was still much higher than rural growth (12.7 percent urban growth versus 1.7 percent rural growth).

• In the 1970s, there was actually a decline of 1.3 percent in Ohio’s urban population

while the rural population grew nearly 10 percent. During the 1980s, the population declined 2.5 percent while the urban population grew a modest 1.5 percent.

Figure 2.1: Percent Population Change (Rural and Urban), 1950 to 1990

Section 3: Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Growth, 1950 to 1998 In addition to distinguishing between rural and urban, the census also identifies counties as metropolitan or nonmetropolitan. A county containing a central city with a population greater than 50,000 or a county closely tied to the large central city is designated a metropolitan county. Counties that are not part of a metropolitan area are designated as nonmetropolitan. Map 1 identifies the 15 metropolitan areas in Ohio. Due to the interconnections between the Cincinnati and Hamilton metropolitan areas and the Cleveland and Akron metropolitan areas, they have been designated consolidated metropolitan statistical areas. • The U.S. Census identified 15 metropolitan areas or parts of metropolitan areas

within Ohio in 1993. These 15 metropolitan areas encompass 39 counties and 44.8 percent of the state’s land area. There are 49 nonmetropolitan counties in the state covering 55.6 percent of the land area (Map 1).

2 Some urban growth may be associated with rural places growing large enough to be designated urban as well as urban areas annexing rural areas into their boundaries.

-200

2040

60

Decade

Per

cen

t C

han

ge

Rural 9.1 1.7 9.6 -2.5 18.6

Urban 27.7 12.7 -1.3 1.5 44.1

Total 22.1 9.7 1.4 0.5 36.5

50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 50-90

8

Map 1: Ohio’s Metropolitan Areas

Ashtabula

Muskingum

Ross

Licking

Washington

TrumbullWood

Darke

AdamsScioto

Highland

Stark

Coshocton

Franklin

Tuscarawas

Wayne

Seneca

Guernsey

Hancock

Columbiana

Belmont

Knox

Athens

Portage

Pickaway

Huron

Putnam

Lorain

Fairfield

Richland

Brown

Butler

Madison

Mercer

Hardin

Delaware

Montgomery

Logan

Cuyahoga

Union

Gallia

Lawrence

Monroe

Clermont

Champaign

Pike

Holmes

Williams

GreenePreble

Medina

Hamilton

Fulton

Harrison

Ashland

Henry

Shelby

Meigs

Morgan

Paulding

Morrow

Jackson

Sandusky

Allen

Clinton

Vinton

Mahoning

Van Wert

Marion

Summit

Miami

Wyandot

Auglaize

Clark

Geauga

HockingFayette

Carroll

Noble

Defiance

Crawford

Warren

Perry

Jefferson

Lucas

Ottawa

Erie

Lake

Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria

AkronYoungstown

Canton-Massillon

Steubenville-Weirton (pt.)

Wheeling (pt.)

Parkersburg-Marietta (pt.)

Huntington-Ashland (pt.)

Cincinnati

Dayton-Springfield

Columbus

Mansfield

Lima

Toledo

Hamilton-Middletown

Cleveland-Akron

Cincinnati-Hamilton

Map LayersCounty (Low Res)MSAcomb:1CMSA:1

9

• In 1950, there were nearly 8 million total residents in the state, 80 percent living in

one of the 39 metropolitan counties (Table 3.1). The 1998 Census estimates indicate 81 percent of Ohio’s 11.2 million residents live in a metropolitan county while 19 percent of the population resides in one of the nonmetropolitan counties.

Table 3.1: Ohio Population by County Metro Character (1950 to 1998) Year Total Metro Nonmetro Metro Nonmetro

--population-- --percent-- 1950 7,946,627 6,370,951 1,575,676 80.2 19.8 1960 9,706,397 7,952,234 1,754,163 81.9 18.1 1970 10,652,017 8,820,841 1,831,176 82.8 17.2 1980 10,797,630 8,790,877 2,006,753 81.4 18.6 1990 10,847,115 8,826,069 2,021,046 81.4 18.6 1998 11,209,493 9,074,696 2,134,797 81.0 19.0

• For the time period 1950 to 1998, Ohio’s population has grown 41 percent. The

population change in metropolitan counties for this time period is 42.4 percent and 35.5 percent in nonmetropolitan counties (Figure 3.1).3

• Looking at growth by decades, population change in metropolitan counties exceeded

nonmetropolitan population change during the 1950s and 1960s. Metro counties grew about 25 percent during the 1950s while nonmetro counties grew just over 11 percent. Growth in metro counties during the 1960s slowed to about 11 percent, but still exceeded the 4.4 percent population growth in nonmetropolitan counties.

• In the 1970s, Ohio’s metropolitan counties experienced modest population loss (.3

percent loss) while nonmetropolitan counties grew 9.6 percent. Nonmetropolitan growth during the 1970s was documented nationwide and has been referred to as the nonmetropolitan turnaround, since it represented a reversal of historic national patterns of nonmetropolitan population decline.

• Population change in Ohio during the 1980s was modest, with increases of less than

one percent in both metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties. • Population change in the 1990s, according to U.S. Census estimates, show percent

population growth in nonmetropolitan counties is double the increase in metropolitan counties (5.6 percent versus 2.8 percent).

3 Some of the counties classified as metropolitan in the 1990s were nonmetropolitan in early decades. For this analysis, the 1990s metropolitan status is used for all time points for accurate comparison.

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Figure 3.1: Population Change of Metro and Nonmetro Ohio, 1950-98

Breakdown by Metropolitan Character A metropolitan county can be further distinguished as either a central county or an outlying county. A central county contains the metropolitan areas largest city or 50 percent of the county’s population is part of the central city’s urbanized area. Outlying metropolitan counties have smaller urban populations but are closely tied to the central counties, such as through commuting patterns. In Ohio there are 21 central metropolitan counties and 18 outlying metro. For this analysis, three counties (Clermont, Licking, and Portage) are treated as outlying metro counties rather than central metro counties due to several factors. These three counties just met several of the criteria for achieving “central” status with the 1990 census (for example, each just met the 50 percent urban criteria). These three counties are comparatively more like outlying metropolitan counties than central metro counties in demographic characteristics and as a matter of practical reality (locals would see the county as more like the outlying than the core metro county). For this analysis, 21 counties are grouped as outlying metro counties (labeled as “fringe” metro counties in this report), 18 are central metropolitan counties (labeled as “core” metro counties). The remaining 49 counties are nonmetropolitan.4 Map 2 identifies the core and fringe designation for Ohio’s metropolitan counties. The further distinction is made between Ohio’s largest metro regions, which are Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Columbus each with metro populations greater than 1 million, and the smaller metro areas of the state.

4 It is possible to distinguish between nonmetropolitan counties that are adjacent to metropolitan areas and those that are not. Since Ohio has so many metropolitan areas, few (9) counties in the state are not adjacent to metropolitan areas making the distinction less meaningful in this state.

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

Decade

Per

cen

t C

han

ge

Metro 24.8 10.9 -0.3 0.4 2.8 42.4

Nonmetro 11.3 4.4 9.6 0.7 5.6 35.5

Total 22.1 9.7 1.4 0.5 3.3 41.1

50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-98 50-98

11

Map 2: Metropolitan Character of Ohio Counties

Ashtabula

Muskingum

Ross

Licking

Washington

TrumbullWood

Darke

Adams Scioto

Highland

Stark

Coshocton

Franklin

Tuscarawas

Wayne

Seneca

Guernsey

Hancock

Columbiana

Belmont

Knox

Athens

Portage

Pickaway

Huron

Putnam

Lorain

Fairfield

Richland

Brown

Butler

Madison

Mercer

Hardin

Delaware

Montgomery

Logan

Cuyahoga

Union

Gallia

Lawrence

Monroe

Clermont

Champaign

Pike

Holmes

Williams

GreenePreble

Medina

Hamilton

Fulton

Harrison

Ashland

Henry

Shelby

Meigs

Morgan

Paulding

Morrow

Jackson

Sandusky

Allen

Clinton

Vinton

Mahoning

Van Wert

Marion

Summit

Miami

Wyandot

Auglaize

Clark

Geauga

HockingFayette

Carroll

Noble

Defiance

Crawford

Warren

Perry

Jefferson

LucasOttawa

Erie

Lake

Youngstown

Canton-Massillon

Steubenville-Weirton (pt.)

Wheeling (pt.)

Parkersburg-Marietta (pt.)

Huntington-Ashland (pt.)

Dayton-Springfield

Columbus

Mansfield

Lima

Toledo

Cleveland-Akron

Cincinnati-Hamilton

MSAs outlined in black

Metropolitan CharacterCore, Large MetroFringe, Large MetroCore, Small MetroFringe, Small MetroNonmetro

12

• Population growth in Ohio’s metropolitan counties has not been uniform. The population of Ohio’s large and small core metropolitan counties peaked in 1970, while the populations of the fringe counties of the largest metropolitan areas have steadily grown every decade since 1950.

• 42.8 percent of Ohio’s 1950 population was located in one of the seven core counties

of the three largest metro regions. In 1998, an estimated 41.2 percent of Ohioans lived in one of these seven counties. Twenty-five percent of Ohio’s 1950 population lived in one of the small core metropolitan counties falling to 22.5 percent in 1998 (computed from Table 3.2).

• In 1950, the 12 fringe counties of the largest metro areas contained 6.5 percent of

Ohio’s total population. By 1998, these 12 counties contained 11.6 percent of the state’s total population. Between 1950 and 1998, these 12 fringe metro counties grew from just over a half million to nearly 1.3 million, a net increase of 800,000 (Table 3.2) or about 151 percent (Table 3.3).

• Population change in both large and small core metropolitan counties during the

1950s was over 22 percent, moderating to around 10 percent during the 1960s, and declining or remaining relatively stable since 1970.

• Fringe counties of smaller metro regions have tended to experience population

change similar to nonmetropolitan counties, having grown 34.6 percent since 1950 similar to the 35.5 percent growth in nonmetro counties.

Table 3.2: Population Change by Metro Character, 1950 to 1998

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1998 Nonmetro (49) 1,575,676 1,754,163 1,831,176 2,006,753 2,021,046 2,134,797 Metro (39) 6,370,951 7,952,234 8,820,841 8,790,877 8,826,069 9,074,696 Large Core (7) 3,398,270 4,273,823 4,712,188 4,511,725 4,532,899 4,623,379 Large Fringe (12) 517,325 721,742 869,481 1,032,539 1,128,964 1,298,527 Small Core (11) 1,989,381 2,435,535 2,675,105 2,632,475 2,558,677 2,525,726 Small Fringe(9) 465,975 521,134 564,067 614,138 605,529 627,064 Total All Counties 7,946,627 9,706,397 10,652,017 10,797,630 10,847,115 11,209,493 Table 3.3: Percent Population Growth by Metro Character, by decade 1950 to 1998

50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-98 50-98 --percent-- Nonmetro Counties (49) 11.3 4.4 9.6 0.7 5.6 35.5 Metro Counties (39) 24.8 10.9 -0.3 0.4 2.8 42.4 Large Core (7) 25.8 10.3 -4.3 0.5 2.0 36.1 Large Fringe (12) 39.5 20.5 18.8 9.3 15.0 151.0 Small Core (11) 22.4 9.8 -1.6 -2.8 -1.3 27.0 Small Fringe (9) 11.8 8.2 8.9 -1.4 3.6 34.6 Total All Counties (88) 22.1 9.7 1.4 0.5 3.3 41.1

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Section 4: Focus on Population Change in Counties and Metro Regions At the county or regional level, Ohio’s population change has varied tremendously as well. In this section, some of the features of population change in Ohio’s three largest metropolitan areas are considered as well as population change in selected counties. Ohio’s three largest metropolitan regions are Cincinnati-Hamilton, Cleveland-Akron, and Columbus.5 The Ohio counties of the Cincinnati-Hamilton region are Brown, Clermont, Hamilton, Warren and Butler County. The Cleveland-Akron region is comprised of Portage, Summit, Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina counties. The Columbus metropolitan region is composed of Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, and Pickaway. Change in the Three Largest Metropolitan Regions Tables 4.1 and 4.2 provide some detail about population change in the three largest metropolitan regions.

• Ohio’s three largest metropolitan regions, comprised of 19 counties, were home to

49.3 percent of the state’s total population in 1950. By 1998, the proportion of the state’s population living in these three regions had risen to 52.8 percent.

• Cleveland-Akron is the largest metropolitan region in Ohio, with 2.2 million

residents in 1950 and growing to over 2.9 million in 1998 (Table 4.1).

• The population of the Columbus metropolitan area has grown consistently since 1950, increasing 107.5 percent from 1950 to 1998. The Cleveland-Akron region grew rapidly from 1950 to 1970, but the population of this region has fallen from its 1970 peak. Cincinnati-Hamilton has experienced consistent growth, but at half the pace of Columbus during the 1950 to 1998 time period (58.2 percent versus 107.5 percent).

Table 4.1: Population of Ohio’s Three Largest Metro Areas, 1950 to 1998

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1998 Cincinnati-Hamilton 974,063 1,234,616 1,357,510 1,391,690 1,456,769 1,540,619 Cleveland-Akron 2,233,417 2,825,417 3,098,513 2,938,277 2,859,644 2,911,683 Columbus 708,115 935,532 1,125,646 1,214,297 1,345,450 1,469,604

5 Cincinnati-Hamilton and Cleveland-Akron are consolidated metropolitan areas each comprised of two metropolitan areas that are closely tied to one another.

14

Table 4.2: Population Change in Ohio’s Three Largest Metro Areas, 1950 to 1998 ∆50-60 ∆60-70 ∆70-80 ∆80-90 ∆90-98 ∆50-98

--percent-- Cincinnati-Hamilton 26.8 10.0 2.5 4.7 5.8 58.2 Cleveland-Akron 26.5 9.7 -5.2 -2.7 1.8 30.3 Columbus 32.1 20.3 7.9 10.8 9.2 107.5 Change in Selected Ohio Counties Table A.1 (in the appendix) contains three sets of population data for Ohio’s 88 counties. Counties are rank ordered by selected population attributes in each column of the table.

• The home counties of Cleveland (Cuyahoga), Columbus (Franklin), and

Cincinnati (Hamilton) have the largest population of all Ohio counties. • For the time period 1950 to 1998, 13 Ohio counties have grown over 100 percent,

five have grown more than 200 percent, and one Ohio county (Clermont) has grown over 300 percent (see Map 3).

• Of the 10 fastest growing Ohio counties since 1950, nine of the 10 are associated

with one of the three largest metro regions. Clermont County, part of the Cincinnati metro region, grew 317 percent between 1950 and 1998. Warren County, of the Cincinnati region has grown 279 percent. Medina and Geauga counties have grown 256 and 233 percent respectively, in the Cleveland metro region. Delaware County, in the Columbus metro region, has grown 204 percent during the 1950 to 1998 time period.

• Six Ohio counties lost population during the 1950 to 1998 time period. Belmont

County, part of the Wheeling metro region, and Jefferson, part of the Steubenville metro region have declined over 20 percent since 1950 (22.7 and 21.2 percent respectively). Harrison County, a nonmetropolitan county adjacent to the Wheeling metro region has lost 15.5 percent of its population since 1950. Scioto, Mahoning, and Cuyahoga counties experienced declines of between 0 and 4 percent during this time period.

• Since 1990, 19 Ohio counties have grown an estimated 10 percent or more. Four

counties have grown nearly 20 percent or more. Delaware County leads the list, with estimated growth of 37.8 percent since 1990. Warren County has grown an estimated 28.2 percent. Union County, a nonmetropolitan county adjacent to the Columbus metro region has grown 23.5 percent. Fairfield County, another county in the Columbus metro region has grown an estimated 19.8 percent in the 1990s.

15

Map 3: Population Change by County, 1950 to 1998

Ashtabula

Muskingum

Ross

Licking

Washington

TrumbullWood

Darke

Adams Scioto

Highland

Stark

Coshocton

Franklin

Tuscarawas

Wayne

Seneca

Guernsey

Hancock

Columbiana

Belmont

Knox

Athens

Portage

Pickaway

Huron

Putnam

Lorain

Fairfield

Richland

Brown

Butler

Madison

Mercer

Hardin

Delaware

Montgomery

Logan

Cuyahoga

Union

Gallia

Lawrence

Monroe

Clermont

Champaign

Pike

Holmes

Williams

GreenePreble

Medina

Hamilton

Fulton

Harrison

Ashland

Henry

Shelby

Meigs

Morgan

Paulding

Morrow

Jackson

Sandusky

Allen

Clinton

Vinton

Mahoning

Van Wert

Marion

Summit

Miami

Wyandot

Auglaize

Clark

Geauga

HockingFayette

Carroll

Noble

Defiance

Crawford

Warren

Perry

Jefferson

LucasOttawa

Erie

Lake

Population Change

MSAs outlined in black

% Change, 1950 to 1998Population Loss0 to 49 percent50 to 99 percent100 to 199 percentgreater than 200 percent

16

• Fourteen Ohio counties are estimated to have lost population during the 1990s. Eight of the nine counties declining two percent or more during the 1990s are metropolitan counties. Jefferson County is estimated to have declined 7.1 percent; Mahoning County, part of the Youngstown metro area, has declined 3.6 percent; and, Lucas, part of the Toledo metro area, has declined 3 percent.

Table A.2 (in the appendix) contains three sets of rural population data for Ohio’s 88 counties. Counties are rank ordered in each of the table’s columns.

• Eleven Ohio counties had 1990 rural populations greater than 50,000 (see Map 4).

Nine of these 11 counties are parts of metropolitan areas. Stark County, part of the Canton metropolitan area, has the largest rural population, 80,773. Clermont County, part of the Cincinnati metro region has a rural population of 70,424. Geauga County, part of the Cleveland metro region, has the third largest rural population with 68,406 rural residents.

• Cuyahoga County, where Cleveland is located, only has 2,443 rural residents.

The next counties with the fewest rural residents are Vinton and Noble. • Cuyahoga, Franklin, and Hamilton counties have the smallest percent of their

total population defined as rural (.2, 3.2 and 3.2 percent rural respectively). • Eight of the ten counties with the fastest growing rural population from 1950 to

1990 are metropolitan counties (Appendix Table A.2 and Map 5). Four of the ten are part of the Columbus metro area. Geauga County, in the Cleveland metro area, had the largest rural population increase during this time period, 158 percent. Delaware County’s rural population doubled during this forty-year period (increasing 100 percent). Medina County, in the Cleveland metro region, grew 90.8 percent.

• In addition to Delaware County, Fairfield, Pickaway, and Licking Counties of the

Columbus metro area all experienced rural population growth of 74 percent or greater from 1950 to 1990.

• Metropolitan core counties have experienced the sharpest decline in rural

population (Map 5). Cuyahoga county’s rural population has declined nearly 91 percent since 1950. Montgomery County, where Dayton is located, has had a 53.4 percent rural population decline. Franklin County (Columbus), Summit County (Akron), and Hamilton County (Cincinnati) have all had rural population declines of around 50 percent.

17

Map 4: Total Rural Population by County, 1990

Ashtabula

Muskingum

Ross

Licking

Washington

TrumbullWood

Darke

Adams Scioto

Highland

Stark

Coshocton

Franklin

Tuscarawas

Wayne

Seneca

Guernsey

Hancock

Columbiana

Belmont

Knox

Athens

Portage

Pickaway

Huron

Putnam

Lorain

Fairfield

Richland

Brown

Butler

Madison

Mercer

Hardin

Delaware

Montgomery

Logan

Cuyahoga

Union

Gallia

Lawrence

Monroe

Clermont

Champaign

Pike

Holmes

Williams

GreenePreble

Medina

Hamilton

Fulton

Harrison

Ashland

Henry

Shelby

Meigs

Morgan

Paulding

Morrow

Jackson

Sandusky

Allen

Clinton

Vinton

Mahoning

Van Wert

Marion

Summit

Miami

Wyandot

Auglaize

Clark

Geauga

HockingFayette

Carroll

Noble

Defiance

Crawford

Warren

Perry

Jefferson

LucasOttawa

Erie

Lake

MSAs outlined in black

Rural Population (1990)750003750018750

Rural Population, 1990

18

Map 5: Rural Population Change, 1950 to 1990

Ashtabula

Muskingum

Ross

Licking

Washington

TrumbullWood

Darke

Adams Scioto

Highland

Stark

Coshocton

Franklin

Tuscarawas

Wayne

Seneca

Guernsey

Hancock

Columbiana

Belmont

Knox

Athens

Portage

Pickaway

Huron

Putnam

Lorain

Fairfield

Richland

Brown

Butler

Madison

Mercer

Hardin

Delaware

Montgomery

Logan

Cuyahoga

Union

Gallia

Lawrence

Monroe

Clermont

Champaign

Pike

Holmes

Williams

GreenePreble

Medina

Hamilton

Fulton

Harrison

Ashland

Henry

Shelby

Meigs

Morgan

Paulding

Morrow

Jackson

Sandusky

Allen

Clinton

Vinton

Mahoning

Van Wert

Marion

Summit

Miami

Wyandot

Auglaize

Clark

Geauga

HockingFayette

Carroll

Noble

Defiance

Crawford

Warren

Perry

Jefferson

LucasOttawa

Erie

Lake

Rural Population

MSAs outlined in black

Percent Change, 1950-90Rural Pop. Loss0 to 50 percent increase50 to 100 percent increase100 percent increase or more

19

Section 5: Rural Population Change by Metro/Nonmetro Character Because of the way metropolitan and rural status are designated, rural residents can be found in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. For example, a county that has been designated as metropolitan (with central city of greater than 50,000) may have within its boundaries residents who are urban (living in urban areas of 2,500 residents or more) and rural (living in communities of less than 2,500 or the open country). Rural population can grow as a result of people moving into small towns or open country neighborhoods, but there is a limit. A rural place that grows larger than 2,500 residents will be designated as urban in a subsequent census and urban areas can annex rural country neighborhoods as its borders expand outward. In this section, the rural and urban composition of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties of Ohio is examined for the time period 1950 to 1990. Tables 5.1 and 5.2 show the population and changes in rural and urban population within metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties.

• In 1990 only 9.2 percent of Ohio’s 8 million urban residents (residing in urban place of 2,500 or more residents) live in nonmetropolitan counties. Perhaps surprisingly, though, 54.5 percent of Ohio’s 2.8 million rural residents are found in metropolitan counties (Table 5.1).

• During the 1960s and 1970s, percent growth of urban population was larger in

metropolitan counties than in nonmetropolitan counties. In the 1950s, the size of the urban population in metropolitan counties grew 28.8 percent, but grew only 13.5 percent during the 1960s. In nonmetropolitan counties, urban population grew 18.2 percent during the 1950s and 5.1 percent during the 1960s.

• During the 1970s, urban population growth was relatively flat in metropolitan and

nonmetropolitan counties. During the 1970s, Ohio’s rural population grew 9.6 percent, with 15.5 percent rural population growth in nonmetropolitan counties and only 5.5 percent in metropolitan counties during the 1970s.

Table 5.1: Rural and Urban Population by Metropolitan Character of County

Totals Rural Urban Rural Urban Nonmetro Metro Nonmetro Metro

1950 2,368,353 5,578,274 976,411 1,391,942 599,265 4,979,009 1960 2,583,235 7,123,171 1,045,940 1,537,295 708,232 6,414,939 1970 2,626,320 8,025,670 1,086,802 1,539,518 744,374 7,281,323 1980 2,879,371 7,918,259 1,254,975 1,624,396 751,778 7,166,481 1990 2,808,078 8,039,037 1,277,978 1,530,100 743,068 7,295,969

20

Table 5.2: Growth of Urban and Rural Population by Metro Character 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90

--percent-- URBAN 27.7 12.7 -1.3 1.5 Metro urban 28.8 13.5 -1.6 1.8 Nonmetro urban 18.2 5.1 1.0 -1.2 RURAL 9.1 1.7 9.6 -2.5 Metro rural 10.4 0.1 5.5 -5.8 Nonmetro rural 7.1 3.9 15.5 1.8

• In the 1980s, the rural population decreased 5.8 percent in metropolitan counties but increased 1.8 percent in nonmetropolitan counties.

Breakdown by Core and Fringe Metro Status

• Table 5.3 and Figure 5.1 illustrate a steady decline in the proportion of Ohio’s rural population living in the core counties of the largest metropolitan areas and steady growth in the proportion found in fringe counties of these large metro areas. The proportion of Ohio’s rural population in nonmetro areas has gradually edged up during this time period as well.

• In 1950, there were 321,061 rural residents or 13.5 percent of Ohio’s total rural

population located within one of the seven large core metropolitan counties and 490,966 rural residents or 20.7 percent of the state’s total rural population located in one of the small core metropolitan counties. By 1990, only 7.1 percent of the state’s total rural population were located in the large core metro counties and 15.9 percent was located in the small core metro counties.

• In 1950, the fringe counties of the largest metro counties contained 336,929 rural

residents or 14.2 percent of the state’s rural population. By 1990, the fringe counties of the largest metro areas contained 584,491 rural residents or 20.8 percent of the state’s rural population.

Table 5.3: Distribution of Rural Population by Metropolitan Character

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Nonmetro 976,411 1,045,940 1,086,802 1,254,975 1,277,978 Metro 1,391,942 1,537,295 1,539,518 1,624,396 1,530,100 Large Core 321,061 298,187 242,158 236,719 198,285 Large Fringe 336,929 451,216 501,054 577,075 584,491 Small Core 490,966 515,509 522,335 500,013 446,795 Small Fringe 242,986 272,383 273,971 310,589 300,529 Rural Total 2,368,353 2,583,235 2,626,320 2,879,371 2,808,078

21

Figure 5.1: Distribution of Rural Population by Metro Character (1950-1990)

• One can infer that some of the 122,776 decline in rural residents in the large, core

metro counties is the result of rural residences being either annexed into a larger urban area or rural communities growing larger than 2,500 residents. One might also anticipate that future population increases in fringe counties will lead to more formerly rural places achieving urban status as the central city and suburbs further expand.

• Table 5.5 shows rural population change by metro character of the largest metro

areas. During the 1950s, rural growth in the fringe counties was 33.9 percent. Rural growth moderated some during the 1960s and 1970s (11.0 and 15.2 percent respectively during these two decades). In the 1980s, the rural population grew slightly in the fringe counties of the large metro areas while rural population fell in all other types of metropolitan counties.

• For the entire time period, 1950 to 1990, percent growth of the rural population in

the fringe counties of the largest metropolitan areas exceeded growth in nonmetro counties, 73.5 percent compared to 30.0 percent. During the same time period, the rural population of the core counties of the large and small metropolitan areas fell (declining 38.2 and 9.0 percent respectively).

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Year

Per

cen

t o

f R

ura

l Po

p.

Nonmetro 41% 40% 41% 44% 46%

Large Core 14% 12% 9% 8% 7%

Large Fringe 14% 17% 19% 20% 21%

Small Core 21% 20% 20% 17% 16%

Small Fringe 10% 11% 10% 11% 11%

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990

22

Table 5.5: Rural Population Growth by Metro Character (1950 to 1990) ∆50-60 ∆60-70 ∆70-80 ∆80-90 ∆50-90

--percent-- Nonmetro Counties 7.1 3.9 15.5 1.8 30.9 Metro Counties 9.5 0.1 5.2 -6.2 9.9 Large Core -7.1 -18.8 -2.2 -16.2 -38.2 Large Fringe 33.9 11.0 15.2 1.3 73.5 Med/Small Core 5.0 1.3 -4.3 -10.6 -9.0 Med Small Fringe 12.1 0.6 13.4 -3.2 23.7 Total 9.1 1.7 9.6 -2.5 18.6

Section 6: Brief Review of Sources of Population Change, 1990 to 1998 Underlying the patterns of population change reported in the previous sections is a range of social and economic factors. While fully exploring these factors is beyond the scope of this paper, it is possible to identify some of the components of population change from 1990 to 1998. Population change can be a result of natural increase (where births exceeded deaths in a county), natural decrease (where deaths exceeded births), or migration. Table 6.1 identifies the source of estimated population change by metro and nonmetro character from 1990 to 1998. Aggregate population change across three categories is reported, natural increase of the local population, net domestic migration, and other (either international or federal migration and a residual).

• The core counties of the largest metropolitan areas have lost an estimated 174,369

residents from 1990 to 1998 due to domestic migration (Figure 6.1). This decline, though, has been offset by over 215,000 more births than deaths in these counties. In the small core metropolitan counties, though, only 83,534 more births over deaths occurred to offset a net migration loss of over 127,000 residents.

• Nearly two-thirds of the estimated population increase in fringe counties of the largest

metro areas was the result of domestic in-migration while the other 37 percent came from natural increase.

• In nonmetropolitan Ohio, natural increase was the largest component of the estimated

5.6 percent population increase occurring during the 1990 to 1998 time period. About two thirds of the change was a result of natural increase and the other third associated with domestic migration.

23

Table 6.1: Components of Population Change by Metropolitan Character, 1990 to 1998

Section 7: Conclusions and Implications Ohio is a densely populated state with a large rural and urban population. Variations in population change around the rural-urban interface since 1950 present a variety of policy problems. In this last section, a few implications of this data analysis are discussed. The most significant finding of this analysis is the identification of a set of 12 counties that can be characterized as being at the heart of the rural-urban interface. These 12 counties are all on the fringe of the three largest metropolitan areas and have consistently grown faster than any other set of counties in the state. The 12 counties include: Brown, Clermont, and Warren from the Cincinnati-Hamilton CMSA; Delaware, Licking, Fairfield, Pickaway, and Madison of the Columbus MSA; and Medina, Portage, Geauga, and Ashtabula from the Cleveland-Akron CMSA. In 1990, each of these counties had large proportions (greater than 40%) of their population that was defined as rural. All but one of these 12 counties (Ashtabula being the exception) rank in the top 20 Ohio counties in terms of percent population increase from 1950 to 1990; six rank in the top seven Ohio counties in terms of percent estimated population increase from 1990 to 1998; eight rank in the top ten counties with the largest percent increase in rural population from 1950 to 1990.

(200,000)

(150,000)

(100,000)

(50,000)

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

Metro Type

Po

pu

lati

on

Ch

ang

e

Natural Increase 215,261 63,074 83,534 16,115 74,086

Domestic Migration (174,369) 110,277 (127,194) 6,046 41,707

Other 49,588 (3,788) 10,709 (626) (2,042)

Large Core

Large Fringe

Small Core

Small Fringe

Nonmetro

24

Population changes in these counties present some unique challenges to local leaders and development professionals. In 1990, 21 percent of the states 2.8 million rural residents lived in one of these 12 counties up from 14 percent in 1950. Rural development has long been a public policy concern, and the traditional focus on underdevelopment and lack of opportunities in rural areas continues to be a significant concern in parts of Ohio and the nation. But this data indicate that another type of “rural” exists, requiring a different type of “rural development.” One development issue is how to provide and maintain basic services. A second development issue is maintaining the rural and agricultural character despite significant population increase. If one of the attractions of these rural-urban fringe counties is their rural character, then being able to maintain this character becomes an important policy and planning concern. Another concern is how sustained, relatively rapid growth in these rural-urban fringe counties affects long-time residents of these communities. Rapid growth can impact local housing costs, cost of providing services, and residents personal sense and experience of community (see Pooley’s 1997 Time magazine cover story discussing this issue and profiling Wilmington, OH). Population growth in the countryside may also have adverse impacts on farming in these counties. At some point, the challenge of farming in a semi-urban environment may force some producers to either exit agriculture or move to less populated areas. Ohio is confronted with a number of interesting challenges as a result of how its population is distributed. Ohio is a diverse state with areas that are very rural, areas that are very urban, and a variety of combinations in between. Managing this diversity can be a challenging task because the issues and concerns of each type of area are different. Making this even more challenging is the on-going redistribution of the state’s population, with some areas growing over 200 percent during the last 50 years while others have declined. This research does not provide any answers to some of the possible problems that might arise from this uneven change and development, but it does lay the foundation for future research that can more precisely identify some of the changes. Future papers in this series will focus on agricultural change and changes in incorporated places, with particular attention to the changes occurring in the 12 counties at ground zero of the rural-urban interface.

25

Works Cited Beale, Calvin. 1996. “Nonmetro Population Rebound Continues and Broadens.” Rural

Conditions and Trends. 7(3):8-12. Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Department. 1992. Statistical abstract of the United

States. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Fuguitt, Glenn V. 1985. “The Nonmetropolitan Population Turnaround.” Annual

Review of Sociology. 11:259-280. Pooley, Eric. 1997. “The Great Escape.” Time. 150(Dec. 8):52-65. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1999a. County Population estimates for July 1, 1998.

http://www.CENSUS.GOV/population/estimates/county/co-98-1/98C1_39.txt. Washington D.C. U.S. Bureau of the Census. 1999b. County Population estimates for July 1, 1998.

http://www.CENSUS.GOV/population/www/estimates/co_98_4.html, Washington D.C.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1950-1990. U.S. Census of

Population and Housing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

26

Appendix

27

Table A.1: Population Change in Ohio Counties, Rank Ordered Total Population (1998) Population Change:

1950 to 1998 Population Change: 1990

to 1998 County T1998 County Percent County Percent 1 Cuyahoga 1,380,696 Clermont 317.1 Delaware 37.8 2 Franklin 1,021,194 Warren 279.3 Warren 28.2 3 Hamilton 847,403 Medina 256.3 Union 23.5 4 Montgomery 558,427 Geauga 233.2 Fairfield 19.8 5 Summit 537,730 Delaware 204.5 Medina 17.7 6 Lucas 448,542 Lake 194.5 Clermont 17.2 7 Stark 373,112 Greene 148.9 Brown 16.7 8 Butler 330,428 Fairfield 137.9 Holmes 15.2 9 Lorain 282,149 Portage 136.5 Pike 14.5

10 Mahoning 255,165 Butler 124.5 Hocking 13.6 11 Trumbull 225,066 Franklin 102.9 Morrow 13.4 12 Lake 223,779 Holmes 101.7 Butler 13.4 13 Clermont 175,960 Wood 100.5 Highland 13.0 14 Portage 151,222 Licking 93.8 Clinton 12.9 15 Greene 146,607 Union 90.9 Adams 12.7 16 Warren 146,033 Lorain 90.4 Knox 12.3 17 Clark 145,341 Pike 90.1 Madison 12.2 18 Medina 144,019 Wayne 87.6 Pickaway 11.3 19 Licking 136,896 Madison 86.4 Ashland 10.0 20 Richland 127,342 Brown 83.6 Carroll 9.7 21 Fairfield 123,998 Morrow 83.3 Vinton 9.6 22 Wood 119,498 Pickaway 83.1 Geauga 9.4 23 Columbiana 111,521 Shelby 66.6 Logan 9.2 24 Wayne 110,125 Fulton 63.8 Noble 8.9 25 Allen 107,139 Miami 60.1 Ross 8.9 26 Ashtabula 103,300 Preble 59.6 Fulton 8.8 27 Miami 98,147 Ashland 58.1 Perry 8.7 28 Delaware 92,209 Clinton 56.3 Wayne 8.5 29 Geauga 88,788 Hancock 55.7 Gallia 8.0 30 Tuscarawas 88,608 Auglaize 53.7 Preble 7.8 31 Muskingum 84,470 Defiance 53.6 Jackson 7.7 32 Scioto 80,355 Huron 53.2 Greene 7.2 33 Erie 78,279 Carroll 52.8 Huron 7.2 34 Ross 75,473 Knox 51.1 Licking 6.7 35 Jefferson 74,558 Erie 48.9 Franklin 6.2 36 Belmont 69,175 Hocking 48.6 Portage 6.1 37 Hancock 68,922 Logan 47.5 Champaign 6.0 38 Marion 64,774 Mercer 45.5 Shelby 5.7 39 Lawrence 64,427 Williams 45.0 Auglaize 5.6 40 Washington 63,413 Highland 43.2 Wood 5.5 41 Sandusky 62,216 Washington 42.8 Tuscarawas 5.4 42 Athens 61,490 Champaign 42.5 Miami 5.3 43 Huron 60,293 Trumbull 41.6 Hancock 5.2 44 Seneca 60,099 Montgomery 40.2 Guernsey 5.0 45 Darke 54,180 Putnam 39.6 Mercer 4.4 46 Pickaway 53,731 Richland 39.5 Meigs 4.4

28

Table A.1: Population Change in Ohio Counties, Rank Ordered (cont.) Total Population (1998) Population Change:

1950 to 1998 Population Change: 1990

to 1998 County T1998 County Percent County Percent

47 Knox 53,309 Adams 39.5 Summit 4.4 48 Ashland 52,237 Ottawa 39.1 Putnam 4.2 49 Shelby 47,457 Ross 38.7 Lawrence 4.2 50 Crawford 47,217 Sandusky 34.9 Lorain 4.1 51 Auglaize 47,103 Gallia 34.2 Lake 3.8 52 Logan 46,204 Athens 34.1 Fayette 3.7 53 Preble 43,226 Henry 33.4 Ashtabula 3.5 54 Fulton 41,895 Paulding 33.4 Athens 3.3 55 Madison 41,576 Stark 31.8 Columbiana 3.0 56 Mercer 41,198 Ashtabula 31.3 Muskingum 2.9 57 Guernsey 40,994 Lawrence 31.2 Williams 2.8 58 Ottawa 40,983 Summit 31.1 Henry 2.8 59 Brown 40,795 Clark 30.2 Wyandot 2.6 60 Highland 40,364 Marion 29.7 Morgan 2.4 61 Clinton 39,979 Darke 29.6 Ottawa 2.4 62 Defiance 39,824 Fayette 26.3 Hardin 2.0 63 Union 39,494 Tuscarawas 26.0 Erie 2.0 64 Champaign 38,182 Crawford 21.9 Coshocton 1.9 65 Williams 38,001 Allen 21.5 Washington 1.9 66 Holmes 37,841 Perry 18.2 Stark 1.5 67 Coshocton 36,115 Jackson 17.3 Defiance 1.2 68 Putnam 35,255 Hamilton 17.1 Darke 1.0 69 Perry 34,290 Coshocton 16.0 Richland 1.0 70 Gallia 33,422 Wyandot 15.4 Marion 0.8 71 Jackson 32,563 Seneca 13.4 Seneca 0.6 72 Hardin 31,725 Lucas 13.4 Sandusky 0.4 73 Morrow 31,467 Muskingum 13.3 Harrison 0.1 74 VanWert 30,200 Morgan 13.2 Scioto 0.0 75 Henry 29,923 Vinton 13.0 VanWert -0.9 76 Carroll 29,095 Columbiana 12.7 Monroe -0.9 77 Hocking 29,004 VanWert 12.0 Trumbull -1.2 78 Adams 28,587 Hardin 10.6 Crawford -1.4 79 Fayette 28,493 Guernsey 6.6 Clark -1.5 80 Pike 27,775 Noble 5.0 Paulding -2.0 81 Meigs 24,006 Meigs 3.4 Hamilton -2.2 82 Wyandot 22,826 Monroe 0.0 Cuyahoga -2.2 83 Paulding 20,078 Cuyahoga -0.6 Allen -2.4 84 Harrison 16,097 Mahoning -1.0 Belmont -2.7 85 Monroe 15,357 Scioto -3.1 Montgomery -2.7 86 Morgan 14,536 Harrison -15.5 Lucas -3.0 87 Noble 12,343 Belmont -21.2 Mahoning -3.6 88 Vinton 12,158 Jefferson -22.7 Jefferson -7.1

29

Table A.2: Rural Population Change in Ohio Counties, Rank Ordered Rural Population

(1990) Percent Population Rural

(1990) Rural Population Growth

1950 to 1990 County R1990 County Percent County Percent 1 Stark 80,773 Morgan 100.0 Geauga 156.7 2 Clermont 70,424 Noble 100.0 Delaware 100.0 3 Geauga 68,406 Vinton 100.0 Medina 90.8 4 Columbiana 64,698 Holmes 90.4 Fairfield 89.9 5 Trumbull 63,897 Brown 89.6 Marion 87.1 6 Portage 62,955 Morrow 89.6 Pickaway 77.2 7 Wayne 62,707 Putnam 88.2 Portage 77.0 8 Licking 58,797 Meigs 88.1 Wayne 75.4 9 Muskingum 55,290 Adams 87.8 Licking 74.4

10 Fairfield 53,068 Paulding 87.4 Clermont 67.0 11 Medina 52,201 Gallia 84.4 Columbiana 63.1 12 Butler 49,929 Geauga 84.3 Muskingum 62.5 13 Ross 47,409 Monroe 81.7 Holmes 58.3 14 Ashtabula 47,158 Preble 81.6 Defiance 57.2 15 Scioto 46,200 Pike 81.5 Shelby 54.2 16 Tuscarawas 44,165 Carroll 80.9 Gallia 53.3 17 Mahoning 42,510 Harrison 78.6 Williams 52.2 18 Warren 41,891 Darke 76.0 Ashland 51.5 19 Clark 41,538 Pickaway 75.7 Warren 47.0 20 Wood 41,357 Perry 75.5 Hancock 46.5 21 Darke 40,756 Ottawa 75.2 Carroll 45.0 22 Richland 39,990 Hocking 73.7 Madison 45.0 23 Miami 39,101 Logan 71.3 Morrow 44.8 24 Washington 37,656 Guernsey 69.9 Preble 43.3 25 Lorain 36,951 Union 69.8 Logan 43.0 26 Delaware 36,950 Henry 69.5 Knox 42.5 27 Pickaway 36,546 Knox 69.3 Clark 41.4 28 Belmont 36,498 Champaign 68.5 Champaign 41.3 29 Allen 35,869 Ross 68.4 Brown 41.0 30 Jefferson 35,391 Highland 68.1 Hocking 38.8 31 Knox 32,913 Muskingum 67.4 Ross 38.3 32 Preble 32,717 Madison 66.8 Tuscarawas 38.2 33 Brown 31,339 Williams 65.8 Seneca 37.9 34 Athens 31,074 Coshocton 65.6 Huron 37.6 35 Franklin 30,323 Mercer 64.5 Union 35.7 36 Seneca 30,281 Wayne 61.8 Pike 35.4 37 Marion 30,199 Washington 60.5 Putnam 33.8 38 Logan 30,168 Columbiana 59.8 Highland 33.6 39 Ottawa 30,102 Jackson 59.7 Washington 32.6 40 Putnam 29,820 Fulton 58.5 Miami 30.8 41 Holmes 29,701 Shelby 58.3 Erie 30.5 42 Summit 29,178 Scioto 57.5 Ashtabula 28.8 43 Montgomery 29,119 Wyandot 56.9 Sandusky 27.1 44 Huron 28,747 Hardin 55.7 Crawford 27.0 45 Sandusky 28,640 Delaware 55.2 Ottawa 25.8 46 Lawrence 28,042 VanWert 53.8 Meigs 25.6

30

Table A.2: Rural Population Change in Ohio Counties, Rank Ordered Rural Population

(1990) Percent Population Rural

(1990) Rural Population Growth

1950 to 1990 County R1990 County Percent County Percent

47 Hamilton 27,558 Fayette 52.7 Darke 23.7 48 Guernsey 27,276 Tuscarawas 52.5 Wood 22.7 49 Erie 26,991 Athens 52.2 Richland 22.1 50 Hancock 26,584 Ashland 51.7 Fayette 20.8 51 Shelby 26,205 Belmont 51.4 Coshocton 19.4 52 Gallia 26,123 Fairfield 51.3 Scioto 19.2 53 Greene 25,472 Huron 51.1 Paulding 19.0 54 Mercer 25,458 Seneca 50.7 VanWert 18.7 55 Morrow 24,853 Clinton 49.0 Henry 18.4 56 Madison 24,756 Defiance 48.1 Jackson 15.8 57 Champaign 24,666 Ashtabula 47.2 Butler 15.3 58 Ashland 24,584 Marion 47.0 Guernsey 15.0 59 Highland 24,321 Clermont 46.9 Mercer 12.6 60 Williams 24,309 Sandusky 46.2 Morgan 10.6 61 Lucas 24,194 Licking 45.8 Perry 9.3 62 Perry 23,839 Lawrence 45.4 Adams 8.7 63 Coshocton 23,234 Portage 44.2 Trumbull 6.0 64 Fulton 22,509 Auglaize 44.1 Athens 5.9 65 Union 22,304 Jefferson 44.1 Auglaize 5.6 66 Adams 22,275 Medina 42.7 Hardin 4.7 67 Lake 21,903 Miami 42.0 Wyandot 4.4 68 Carroll 21,451 Hancock 40.6 Allen 3.9 69 Meigs 20,250 Warren 36.8 Vinton 3.2 70 Henry 20,224 Crawford 36.7 Fulton 1.9 71 Pike 19,772 Wood 36.5 Stark -0.8 72 Auglaize 19,669 Erie 35.2 Greene -1.5 73 Defiance 18,918 Allen 32.7 Lawrence -2.2 74 Hocking 18,808 Richland 31.7 Noble -3.5 75 Jackson 18,037 Clark 28.2 Mahoning -4.0 76 Paulding 17,899 Trumbull 28.0 Clinton -4.6 77 Crawford 17,590 Stark 22.0 Belmont -13.0 78 Clinton 17,348 Greene 18.6 Monroe -17.6 79 Hardin 17,342 Butler 17.1 Lorain -18.8 80 VanWert 16,383 Mahoning 16.1 Harrison -21.1 81 Fayette 14,483 Lorain 13.6 Jefferson -27.6 82 Morgan 14,194 Lake 10.2 Lake -33.5 83 Monroe 12,665 Summit 5.7 Lucas -42.8 84 Wyandot 12,664 Lucas 5.2 Hamilton -49.1 85 Harrison 12,646 Montgomery 5.1 Summit -49.6 86 Noble 11,336 Hamilton 3.2 Franklin -50.8 87 Vinton 11,098 Franklin 3.2 Montgomery -53.4 88 Cuyahoga 2,443 Cuyahoga 0.2 Cuyahoga -90.5

31

Table A.3: Total County Population, 1950 to 1998 County T1950 T1960 T1970 T1980 T1990 T1998

Adams 20,499 19,982 18,957 24,328 25,371 28,587 Allen 88,183 103,691 111,144 112,241 109,755 107,139 Ashland 33,040 38,771 43,303 46,178 47,507 52,237 Ashtabula 78,695 93,067 98,237 104,215 99,821 103,300 Athens 45,839 46,998 54,889 56,399 59,549 61,490 Auglaize 30,637 36,147 38,602 42,554 44,585 47,103 Belmont 87,740 83,864 80,917 82,569 71,074 69,175 Brown 22,221 25,178 26,635 31,920 34,966 40,795 Butler 147,203 199,076 226,207 258,787 291,479 330,428 Carroll 19,039 20,857 21,579 25,598 26,521 29,095 Champaign 26,793 29,714 30,491 33,649 36,019 38,182 Clark 111,661 131,440 157,115 150,236 147,548 145,341 Clermont 42,182 80,530 95,725 128,483 150,187 175,960 Clinton 25,572 30,004 31,464 34,603 35,415 39,979 Columbiana 98,920 107,004 108,310 113,572 108,276 111,521 Coshocton 31,141 32,224 33,486 36,024 35,427 36,115 Crawford 38,738 46,775 50,364 50,075 47,870 47,217 Cuyahoga 1,389,532 1,647,895 1,721,300 1,498,400 1,412,140 1,380,696 Darke 41,799 45,612 49,141 55,096 53,619 54,180 Defiance 25,925 31,508 36,949 39,987 39,350 39,824 Delaware 30,278 36,107 42,908 53,840 66,929 92,209 Erie 52,565 68,000 75,909 79,655 76,779 78,279 Fairfield 52,130 63,912 73,301 93,678 103,461 123,998 Fayette 22,554 24,775 25,461 27,467 27,466 28,493 Franklin 503,410 682,962 833,249 869,132 961,437 1,021,194 Fulton 25,580 29,301 33,071 37,751 38,498 41,895 Gallia 24,910 26,120 25,239 30,098 30,954 33,422 Geauga 26,646 47,573 62,977 74,474 81,129 88,788 Greene 58,892 94,642 125,057 129,769 136,731 146,607 Guernsey 38,452 38,579 37,665 42,024 39,024 40,994 Hamilton 723,952 864,121 924,018 873,224 866,228 847,403 Hancock 44,280 53,686 61,217 64,581 65,536 68,922 Hardin 28,673 29,633 30,813 32,719 31,111 31,725 Harrison 19,054 17,995 17,013 18,152 16,085 16,097 Henry 22,423 25,392 27,058 28,383 29,108 29,923 Highland 28,188 29,716 28,996 33,477 35,728 40,364 Hocking 19,520 20,168 20,322 24,304 25,533 29,004 Holmes 18,760 21,591 23,024 29,416 32,849 37,841 Huron 39,353 47,326 49,587 54,608 56,240 60,293 Jackson 27,767 29,372 27,174 30,592 30,230 32,563 Jefferson 96,495 99,201 96,193 91,564 80,298 74,558 Knox 35,287 38,808 41,795 46,304 47,473 53,309 Lake 75,979 148,700 197,200 212,801 215,499 223,779 Lawrence 49,115 55,438 56,868 63,849 61,834 64,427

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Table A.3: Total County Population, 1950 to 1998 (cont.) County T1950 T1960 T1970 T1980 T1990 T1998

Licking 70,645 90,242 107,799 120,981 128,300 136,896 Logan 31,329 34,803 35,072 39,155 42,310 46,204 Lorain 148,162 217,500 256,843 274,909 271,126 282,149 Lucas 395,551 456,931 484,370 471,741 462,361 448,542 Madison 22,300 26,454 28,318 33,004 37,068 41,576 Mahoning 257,629 300,480 303,424 289,487 264,806 255,165 Marion 49,959 60,221 64,724 67,974 64,274 64,774 Medina 40,417 65,315 82,717 113,150 122,354 144,019 Meigs 23,227 22,159 19,799 23,641 22,987 24,006 Mercer 28,311 32,559 35,265 38,334 39,443 41,198 Miami 61,309 72,901 84,342 90,381 93,182 98,147 Monroe 15,362 15,268 15,739 17,382 15,497 15,357 Montgomery 398,441 527,080 606,148 571,697 573,809 558,427 Morgan 12,836 12,747 12,375 14,241 14,194 14,536 Morrow 17,168 19,405 21,348 26,480 27,749 31,467 Muskingum 74,535 79,159 77,826 83,340 82,068 84,470 Noble 11,750 10,982 10,428 11,310 11,336 12,343 Ottawa 29,469 35,323 37,099 40,076 40,029 40,983 Paulding 15,047 16,792 19,329 21,302 20,488 20,078 Perry 28,999 27,864 27,434 31,032 31,557 34,290 Pickaway 29,352 35,855 40,071 43,662 48,255 53,731 Pike 14,607 19,380 19,114 22,802 24,249 27,775 Portage 63,954 91,798 125,868 135,856 142,585 151,222 Preble 27,081 32,498 34,719 38,223 40,113 43,226 Putnam 25,248 28,331 31,134 32,991 33,819 35,255 Richland 91,305 117,761 129,997 131,205 126,137 127,342 Ross 54,424 61,215 61,211 65,004 69,330 75,473 Sandusky 46,114 56,486 60,983 63,267 61,963 62,216 Scioto 82,910 84,216 76,951 84,545 80,327 80,355 Seneca 52,978 59,326 60,696 61,901 59,733 60,099 Shelby 28,488 33,586 37,748 43,089 44,915 47,457 Stark 283,194 340,345 372,210 378,823 367,585 373,112 Summit 410,032 513,569 553,371 524,472 514,990 537,730 Trumbull 158,915 208,526 232,579 241,863 227,813 225,066 Tuscarawas 70,320 76,789 77,211 84,614 84,090 88,608 Union 20,687 22,853 23,786 29,536 31,969 39,494 Van Wert 26,971 28,840 29,194 30,458 30,464 30,200 Vinton 10,759 10,274 9,420 11,584 11,098 12,158 Warren 38,505 65,711 84,925 99,276 113,909 146,033 Washington 44,407 51,689 57,160 64,266 62,254 63,413 Wayne 58,716 75,497 87,123 97,408 101,461 110,125 Williams 26,202 29,968 33,669 36,369 36,956 38,001 Wood 59,605 72,596 89,722 107,372 113,269 119,498 Wyandot 19,785 21,648 21,826 22,651 22,254 22,826

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Table A.4: Rural Population by County, 1950 to 1990 County R1950 R1960 R1970 R1980 R1990

Adams 20,499 19,982 18,957 21,537 22,275 Allen 34,519 34,421 34,716 36,759 35,869 Ashland 16,230 18,741 20,566 22,974 24,584 Ashtabula 36,619 43,914 49,486 51,286 47,158 Athens 29,334 25,694 26,767 32,089 31,074 Auglaize 18,632 21,654 22,476 21,338 19,669 Belmont 41,954 42,103 39,632 43,030 36,498 Brown 22,221 22,504 20,941 28,453 31,339 Butler 43,294 47,040 50,510 51,421 49,929 Carroll 14,795 16,314 16,849 20,388 21,451 Champaign 17,458 19,253 19,254 22,887 24,666 Clark 29,377 37,176 51,487 46,338 41,538 Clermont 42,182 69,058 66,909 75,648 70,424 Clinton 18,185 18,145 18,333 18,171 17,348 Columbiana 39,673 48,209 47,906 62,875 64,698 Coshocton 19,466 19,118 19,739 22,619 23,234 Crawford 13,845 16,328 18,183 18,859 17,590 Cuyahoga 25,768 6,366 6,414 5,175 2,443 Darke 32,940 35,027 36,761 42,097 40,756 Defiance 12,031 13,839 17,207 19,248 18,918 Delaware 18,474 22,825 25,338 34,673 36,950 Erie 20,675 22,907 22,338 28,869 26,991 Fairfield 27,950 33,996 40,390 50,592 53,068 Fayette 11,994 12,387 12,966 14,785 14,483 Franklin 61,591 53,575 37,889 36,435 30,323 Fulton 22,086 24,990 19,621 22,005 22,509 Gallia 17,039 17,345 17,749 24,522 26,123 Geauga 26,646 43,137 53,796 63,107 68,406 Greene 25,862 31,064 34,238 23,636 25,472 Guernsey 23,713 24,017 24,009 25,879 27,276 Hamilton 54,145 47,016 36,023 32,981 27,558 Hancock 18,148 20,414 22,320 25,502 26,584 Hardin 16,558 16,968 17,189 18,445 17,342 Harrison 16,034 14,736 13,953 14,094 12,646 Henry 17,088 18,653 19,267 19,769 20,224 Highland 18,200 18,820 18,632 22,087 24,321 Hocking 13,548 13,751 14,053 17,747 18,808 Holmes 18,760 18,490 20,045 26,102 29,701 Huron 20,897 24,675 26,299 30,580 28,747 Jackson 15,572 16,664 14,921 17,901 18,037 Jefferson 48,906 44,106 40,226 40,171 35,391 Knox 23,102 25,524 28,422 31,981 32,913 Lake 32,930 30,750 21,354 22,120 21,903 Lawrence 28,684 30,541 27,618 30,496 28,042

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Table A.4: Rural Population by County, 1950 to 1990 (cont.) County R1950 R1960 R1970 R1980 R1990

Licking 33,717 42,703 48,909 58,826 58,797 Logan 21,097 23,379 23,817 27,267 30,168 Lorain 45,497 45,836 36,833 41,457 36,951 Lucas 42,333 33,647 28,362 28,287 24,194 Madison 17,078 17,301 18,173 21,598 24,756 Mahoning 44,302 48,856 48,550 49,192 42,510 Marion 16,142 23,142 26,078 30,934 30,199 Medina 27,354 34,720 41,733 50,741 52,201 Meigs 16,125 15,441 14,343 17,942 20,250 Mercer 22,608 22,134 23,953 24,977 25,458 Miami 29,897 32,758 35,054 38,491 39,101 Monroe 15,362 12,312 12,500 14,237 12,665 Montgomery 62,505 51,457 47,682 33,817 29,119 Morgan 12,836 12,747 12,375 14,241 14,194 Morrow 17,168 16,617 18,377 23,569 24,853 Muskingum 34,018 40,082 41,382 54,685 55,290 Noble 11,750 10,982 10,428 11,310 11,336 Ottawa 23,928 25,550 27,090 30,175 30,102 Paulding 15,047 13,856 16,346 18,548 17,899 Perry 21,806 20,392 19,685 23,087 23,839 Pickaway 20,629 24,796 28,384 31,962 36,546 Pike 14,607 15,550 14,256 18,199 19,772 Portage 35,560 51,941 58,232 63,773 62,955 Preble 22,839 27,464 28,699 31,384 32,717 Putnam 22,286 25,086 27,512 29,117 29,820 Richland 32,752 39,112 39,579 42,597 39,990 Ross 34,291 36,258 36,369 41,584 47,409 Sandusky 22,525 27,555 30,193 32,868 28,640 Scioto 38,745 40,813 38,888 43,174 46,200 Seneca 21,962 25,453 26,979 31,092 30,281 Shelby 16,997 18,923 21,416 25,432 26,205 Stark 81,422 96,333 98,938 99,033 80,773 Summit 57,836 67,604 53,135 47,130 29,178 Trumbull 60,304 68,796 70,939 69,687 63,897 Tuscarawas 31,960 36,616 37,119 42,435 44,165 Union 16,431 17,901 18,042 22,122 22,304 VanWert 13,805 14,272 14,567 16,093 16,383 Vinton 10,759 10,274 9,420 11,584 11,098 Warren 28,499 44,321 48,763 46,416 41,891 Washington 28,401 29,424 33,110 37,898 37,656 Wayne 35,748 46,530 52,086 61,965 62,707 Williams 15,970 18,476 22,477 24,059 24,309 Wood 33,703 40,603 41,140 45,705 41,357 Wyandot 12,128 12,985 12,658 13,010 12,664

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Table A.5: Urban Population by County, 1950 to 1990 County U1950 U1960 U1970 U1980 U1990

Adams - - - 2,791 3,096 Allen 53,664 69,270 76,428 75,482 73,886 Ashland 16,810 20,030 22,737 23,204 22,923 Ashtabula 42,076 49,153 48,751 52,929 52,663 Athens 16,505 21,304 28,122 24,310 28,475 Auglaize 12,005 14,493 16,126 21,216 24,916 Belmont 45,786 41,761 41,285 39,539 34,576 Brown - 2,674 5,694 3,467 3,627 Butler 103,909 152,036 175,697 207,366 241,550 Carroll 4,244 4,543 4,730 5,210 5,070 Champaign 9,335 10,461 11,237 10,762 11,353 Clark 82,284 94,264 105,628 103,898 106,010 Clermont - 11,472 28,816 52,835 79,763 Clinton 7,387 11,859 13,131 16,432 18,067 Columbiana 59,247 58,795 60,404 50,697 43,578 Coshocton 11,675 13,106 13,747 13,405 12,193 Crawford 24,893 30,447 32,181 31,216 30,280 Cuyahoga 1,363,764 1,641,529 1,714,886 1,493,225 1,409,697 Darke 8,859 10,585 12,380 12,999 12,863 Defiance 13,894 17,669 19,742 20,739 20,432 Delaware 11,804 13,282 17,570 19,167 29,979 Erie 31,890 45,093 53,571 50,786 49,788 Fairfield 24,180 29,916 32,911 43,086 50,393 Fayette 10,560 12,388 12,495 12,682 12,983 Franklin 441,819 629,387 795,360 832,697 931,114 Fulton 3,494 4,311 13,450 15,746 15,989 Gallia 7,871 8,775 7,490 5,576 4,831 Geauga - 4,436 9,181 11,367 12,723 Greene 33,030 63,578 90,819 106,133 111,259 Guernsey 14,739 14,562 13,656 16,145 11,748 Hamilton 669,807 817,105 887,995 840,243 838,670 Hancock 26,132 33,272 38,897 39,079 38,952 Hardin 12,115 12,665 13,624 14,274 13,769 Harrison 3,020 3,259 3,060 4,058 3,439 Henry 5,335 6,739 7,791 8,614 8,884 Highland 9,988 10,896 10,364 11,390 11,407 Hocking 5,972 6,417 6,269 6,557 6,725 Holmes - 3,101 2,979 3,314 3,148 Huron 18,456 22,651 23,288 24,028 27,493 Jackson 12,195 12,708 12,253 12,691 12,193 Jefferson 47,589 55,095 55,967 51,393 44,907 Knox 12,185 13,284 13,373 14,323 14,560 Lake 43,049 117,950 175,846 190,681 193,596 Lawrence 20,431 24,897 29,250 33,353 33,792

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Table A.5: Urban Population by County, 1950 to 1990 (cont.) County U1950 U1960 U1970 U1980 U1990

Licking 36,928 47,539 58,890 62,155 69,503 Logan 10,232 11,424 11,255 11,888 12,142 Lorain 102,665 171,664 220,010 233,452 234,175 Lucas 353,218 423,284 456,008 443,454 438,167 Madison 5,222 9,153 10,145 11,406 12,312 Mahoning 213,327 251,624 254,874 240,295 222,296 Marion 33,817 37,079 38,646 37,040 34,075 Medina 13,063 30,595 40,984 62,409 70,153 Meigs 7,102 6,718 5,456 5,699 2,737 Mercer 5,703 10,425 11,312 13,357 13,985 Miami 31,412 40,143 49,288 51,890 54,081 Monroe - 2,956 3,239 3,145 2,832 Montgomery 335,936 475,623 558,466 537,880 544,690 Morgan - - - - - Morrow - 2,788 2,971 2,911 2,896 Muskingum 40,517 39,077 36,444 28,655 26,778 Noble - - - - - Ottawa 5,541 9,773 10,009 9,901 9,927 Paulding - 2,936 2,983 2,754 2,589 Perry 7,193 7,472 7,749 7,945 7,718 Pickaway 8,723 11,059 11,687 11,700 11,709 Pike - 3,830 4,858 4,603 4,477 Portage 28,394 39,857 67,636 72,083 79,630 Preble 4,242 5,034 6,020 6,839 7,396 Putnam 2,962 3,254 3,622 3,874 3,999 Richland 58,553 78,649 90,418 88,608 86,147 Ross 20,133 24,957 24,842 23,420 21,921 Sandusky 23,589 28,931 30,790 30,399 33,323 Scioto 44,165 43,403 38,063 41,371 34,127 Seneca 31,016 33,873 33,717 30,809 29,452 Shelby 11,491 14,663 16,332 17,657 18,710 Stark 201,772 244,012 273,272 279,790 286,812 Summit 352,196 445,965 500,236 477,342 485,812 Trumbull 98,611 139,730 161,640 172,176 163,916 Tuscarawas 38,360 40,173 40,092 42,179 39,925 Union 4,256 4,952 5,744 7,414 9,665 VanWert 13,166 14,568 14,627 14,365 14,081 Vinton - - - - - Warren 10,006 21,390 36,162 52,860 72,018 Washington 16,006 22,265 24,050 26,368 24,598 Wayne 22,968 28,967 35,037 35,443 38,754 Williams 10,232 11,492 11,192 12,310 12,647 Wood 25,902 31,993 48,582 61,667 71,912 Wyandot 7,657 8,663 9,168 9,641 9,590

37