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A-PDF MergerC-N : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark O DEMO

O L- O ju o O n j O vA Jho O uh- N--j N Nx- ... O O p--L! v L! v-d pL! \ xJ-c -! ] p Tx j ]! O u--]- O [p--] -[-v-A V N# V jL p Tx u C-hC.IKavita : How did you do in yesterday's exam?

#o #oN L #\!E . # Career - Nu-n--]-J ---i Communications Skills u-i Spoken English. # ux, qx v--E Ey- Interviews, group discussions, presentations, self sketches N C- Spoken English O] d -.(-- --E u ! L- ho. h-] --o)Suneetha : I wish I had appeared for CAT too. It's too late now. I think I'll do MCA. I am preparing for the entrance tests of all MCA courses. I may also take PG entrance tests and do MSc Computers or Electronics.

Spoken English Conversational English

Sentence-1

verb is, Sentence-2

verb 'do speak', Sentence-3, 4 Spoken English

'is'.

Sentence Subject, Verb Jh-[ -. E Jhh N--Fo .a) Andhra Pradesh is the biggest state in South India b) The Eenadu was published first from Vizag.

(Eo K- ?)

(x Tx x-[)3. Where is Ramesh?

Suji :

Well, I think. How did you do ?

( -----o. y ?) (y-]. h [a)What group are going to study in

( \[?)4. How beautiful the Taj is!

[ Sentences N-Eo pN. Statements o-.c) Is AP the biggest state in South India? d) Was the Eenadu first published from Vizag?

Kavita: Not bad. I could have done better.

(-- ] C) j Sentences vAD N-Eo J# -C. ]Sentence

Suji:

(- v B---o?)Kavita : MPC. What about you ?

Inter?

(. y...!)to do MPC.

Suji :

Not sure yet, though dad wants me

Kavita : Suji :

( N --]. o -o) Which college? ( @?)No idea as yet. What's going to be your college?

( -C. p[ -E ? h. > v K- -E C. tq u-q -Z-Eq F h)

---Fo -E- ...! -[ -. Grammar L- v English x[[ h-]--[ -. --i F grammar --L. ]...VOCABULARYSpoken English Grammar

C C 'Ramesh', C 'Taj' J# -o. Sentence M. SURESAN p N-Eo E 'Subject' . d ] Sentence Subject Vijayawada, u Subject'They',

'Vijayawada',

. (a), (b) (c), l. English (a), (b) Statements, (c), (d) Questions v- u-E-t (sentence structure) C. (sentence structure ], y J.)(d) Statement :

(c), (d) Questions

AP

is

the

(DE

Structure ) Subject + Verb

biggest state in south India.Question : Is

AP

the biggest

Verb + Subject

(N --]... y!) ( . --].)

state in South India!

x 1They, u Subject Ramesh, u Subject The Taj. vA Sentence 'Subject' J# p -]E -E . j 1st sentence'.... is on the banks of the Krishna' Sentence subject N--[ J# C.

Kavita : Same here. Not decided yet.

IISupriya : Hi, Suneetha, What a relief! The final degree exams are over. But What next for you?

Statement Subject ], Verb y hC.Question DE uA-- verb ] subject y h-o. C English v--i . Statement : The Eenadu was published first

(tu! K--j-- F. y h) ( --]. F ?)plans?

Suneetha : Not yet decided. What are your

Supriya :

Well, You know I've taken the CAT for joining in IIM. Waiting for the results. If I make it, I'll join one of the IIMs. Hope I shall be fortunate.

--Fo. ---i u j-C @N--E, F -, o -, ---, - -C-#j . C Tx ]l-]l h. F #o-#o N-- Tx , [ L-]. Listening. - x English n ---[. DE daily life - , Pronunciation ---L. u J-Q-L-.Spoken English 1. Vijayawada is on the banks of the Krishna

Vocabulary

structure :

Subject

+ Verb

from Vizag.Question : Was the Eenadu published first

'She sings well'

structure :

Verb + Subject

( Verb)

(N--[ 'g [f C)2. They do not speak English

Sentence 'She' Subject. 'Sings well' C Subject She J# p . 'sings well' 'sings' sentence ]. (She well - n ]. Sentence ]). 'She sings well' - sentence Subject 'She' y 'Sings' Sentence u. 'VERB' . Subject, Verb --[ -u. d-] #a Sentences Verbs l.

from Vizag?

Cpractice

Statements

quesitons

Ja

.Statements Questions

a) (Yes), They are students b) (Yes), Rani is the leader c) (No), I am not happy e) (No), She is not hungry ?

-----? -----? -----? -----?

d) (Yes), He was here last night -----?

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14 W 2005

W x x j E#, h p [. No, j]E N x Th. d E ## x[. F x xp[ ]ui # . L d E d d.PRONUNCIATION GUIDE

[ y l- - [[. : Car c-, centre c- l-E [ y - [[. : centre - c \[ , sentry - s \[ ). English pronunciation confusion

R x!VERBSKranthi: Was anything special in the sunday Eenadu? Karuna: Yes. There was the first lesson in Spoken English. Kranthi: Was anything important in it? 3. They are happy 4. Are you happy? 5. Why are you here? 6. They are our relatives

-L?English x \ -. #---x l \. Pen - ; Book- , Watch - ; Phone - ; Take - . x #J x x L- -C. o, \, -yA -- \-

j p --Eo English question practice . Question structure hC ?a) vb+Sub [Are (verb) you (sub) happy?] b) first word of the verb + sub + other words of the verb. [Has (first word of the verb) he (sub) been helping (other words of the verb) you?]

Tx- have been / has been vu C. -p # p F, -F j [-Eo I, We, you and they 'have been' F he, she, it 'has been' F #h. -N-... Eo V-/ Eo -/ Eo -/ Eo -q-- forthe past (The last)... days/ ... hours/ ... months / ... years (Sx V,

Where has Pooja been all these days?

C u- O English practice . 1. O \-[-o? 2. [-\ -- v-- o[? 3. 2001 # -d- o[. (since, for the past [ --T# p.) 4. 2001 # 2003 \[ - o[. 5. -- Mx -E C. 6. [ V- F- o[. (F Weak) 7. O V- G@ o? 8. s o? (s 9. j u-vA o? 10. O \-[-o?Answers: 1. How long have you been here? 2. How long has Tendulkar been a cricketer? 3. He has been a collector since 2001/ for the past (last) 4 Years. 4. He was a teacher here from 2001 to 2003. 5. Delhi has been the capital of India for a long time. 6. He has been weak for two days now (for the past/ for the last two days) 7. Have you been busy for the past (last) one week? 8. How long has he been ill? 9. How long has YS been the Chief Minister? 10. Have you been here for long? j Sentences have been/ has been ill/sick)

before?

M. SURESAN

, , -q- u.)

#aC. -[ ]l-J ] C.)

Pooja: What will be your plan?

(F x N?)

1. [ [?

eg: for the past (The last) 2 days / 2 hours/ 2 months / 2 years for 2 days / hours / months / years now .

Druga: Come home tomorrow. You will know.

V/ / / -q #

am, is, are; was, were; shall be, will be y happy, plan j [-a. C E x[ practice . Blanks Brackets #a -

( . F -hC.) -

E.

I am ________

(O p. :

j #aN sample v. d, dq, [, d, , o --/-]-, ]-, v-i, #, [, J, , , p-, L-j, L-N-E, [, , E-B ,

I am Pavan) I am _____ He is _______ They are ________ My friends will be ______

x

6

2. ] ? 3. - ? (future) 4. x E-B x? (past) 5. xp[ \[ ?? 6. O-\[ ? 7. [ E-B -[E O t ? 8. [ v-h ? (future)? 9. O - -x? 10. -p[ ?Answers: 1) Is he very tall? 2) Is she beautiful? 3) Will she be happy? 4) Were they honest? 5) Where are they now? 6) Where will you be tomorrow? 7) Are you sure that he is honest? 8) Will he be careful? 9) Were you happy? 10) Was she fat once?

[, j]82

past ten years (since 1995)

x o # \-[-o?they been since the day

\[ #-- [- uh. T. x-[- Tx E n. u W x - passive voice [. t, o [--? ! #-[f T E . #E-T T .

I

[countable, singular). 2) I have an idea (idea - countable, singular). 3) An umbrella is useful in rain (umbrellacountable, singular). 4) A pen is for writing (pen- countable, singular) 'a' 'an'

v 24 W 2005

Sudha: I meet Padmaja here everyday. I miss her today.

(W \[ ]t- -h. V E---].) ( W \-[ hC. (vA-V))Yes. She comes here everyday. I too see that.

Valli:

C n a N] p. [, [[, [[, --h[, [[, vN-[, EvC-[, ' [, --T[, h[, #--[ O

p[? p[? , , , , , , , , , , l v-u ] 'an' L. N ] 'a' --T-L. an umbrella (v d an) an hour ( an) an honour ( an) an idea ( an) an owl ( an) an egg ( an) v h a, an N-confusion [].

C regular actions English p. 1. v d.(like [) 2. W [ ]--. 3. -- ] C--- v -. 4. t O J-q hC. (watch - J-q, E- [[) 5. o- V J- AJ-T-h. (return, come back; 'home')

Sudha: I remember now. Today is Sunday. She does not come here on sunday.

( h-hC. V C-. C-- \-[ ].) ( L-].)I do not know that.

A, AN...tice Answers : I We You The boys (They)

Valli:

( C x hu -C. C- v > -.) be forms [-Eo -[ j uxE meet, comes, remember, does come, goes, visit - L-h.

Sudha: She goes to her aunt's place every sunday. I too visit my cousin every sunday evening.

Eo p--L-T Eo- .

] ]?prac-

6. vA-W ] - ]--. 7. t -C. (vA-W - regular)(study; for an hour, every morning)

N l ] a [. countable singular \[ #a E ] a F an F -Lq.Mother loves her child (wrong) A Mother (countable singular) loves her child. f) Uncountable

}}

x- L C [.I Regular Doing Words II Regular Doing Words

7

Hemant (he) Sarala (she) It

(n J---x) OE J-Q-L-.

write sleep play waste walk use run remember cook forget love writes cooks uses plays loves remembers walks sleeps forgets runs wastes

'A'

C - I Regular Doing Words, B C - II Regular Doing Words . I Regular Doing Words (A C -) 's' F 'es' F Jh II Regular doing words h. A C [I Regular Doing Words (I RDWs)], I, We, you and they [. B C - [II Regular Doing Words (II RDWs)] He, She, it [.I We You like milk My parents (They)

A eat take give wash like sing dance go

B eats (eat+s) takes (take+s) gives (give+s) washes (Wash+es) likes (like+s) sings (Sing+s) dances (dance+s) goes (go+es)

a) Pens (They) write. A pen (It) writes. b) Wrist watches (They) show the time. A wrist watch (It) shows the time. c) Doctors (They) treat patients. A doctor (He/She) treats patients. d) Fans (They) give air. A fan gives air. e) Teachers (They) M. SURESAN teach. A Teacher (He/She) teaches. verbs practice

] a F an F p[ ]. Sx -J 1st RDW (1st Regular doing word come, go, walk), 2nd RDW (2nd Regular doing word comes, goes, walks) J-Q-Ll. I, We, you, they 1st RDW; he, she, it 2nd RDW L. [ Regular doing words v p, Eu J [ Regular actions . p[ J - O [. 1) W J- Ev]--h. C regular action. d I get up at 6 a.m. \[ every day E p, p--- . get 1st RDW regular C n---C. 2) NtC- - -. 3) o- [. C regular action. 4) O-p[ u h. (p[ J--E).You always come late. Our friends (They) play well. We start for college at 9 a.m. (Regular action - start - 1st RDW)

Answers: 1. She likes this dress. 2. I read the Eenadu (every day). 3. Our classes (They) begin / start at 10 a.m. 4. My mother (She) watches TV serials. 5. My father (He) returns / comes back home at 6 a.m. 6. I study for an hour every morning. 7. My mother (She) takes coffee (every day).

.

Eo

COUNTABLES, UNCOUNTABLESa) countables book, pen, teacher, boy, dog etc. b) uncountables milk, sugar, rice, water etc. singular c) countables plural book (singular) books (plural) pen (singular) pens (plural) teacher (singular) teachers (plural) boy (singular) boys (plural) d) uncountables plural milks, sugars, rices e) Very Important: countable singulars

\ dN.

}

\-dEN.

5) o- ] 9 --- (Regular- vA-V). E pLq - ]. 6) t [-C (p[). 7) 1st show -- v -C (W ).The 1st show (It) starts at 6.15 p.m. My mother (She) cooks for us. My father (He) starts for office at 9 a.m. (everyday starts regular)

v (), ( \) .

j N] A group C group C verbs p. eg: [I He We drink coffee She You It They

My father (he) My mother (she) The Cat (it)

}

likes milk Verbs, B

.

[].

}

}

drinks coffee

( \-dN -Eo, JE J# p--p[) ] p[ 'a' F 'an' F -Lq.

p Tx O p Tx, vA\, [,email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

O !

eg: 1) A doctor treats patients (doctor -

# a.

>[, j]82

\ ho pronunciation letters Eo [f, Eo --]- -]? OE a-J-L? ]--i E---? Dictionary page bottom line ] . O J# L--. -, j]--. : Tx--E - (alphabet), Tx a-- a l--Eo- J-. ]x pronunciation confusion. o - Eo l- #---E J-. d --]-, [f o -- Eo l [-. - Eo l- h. 'v'E very l-E [-. --]- o v = E but, shut, cut x a l-E [-. but- DE pronunciation, dictionary C. bt; cut = kt etc. {-vF key to Pronunciation h h l-E C N- C. -- pronunciation casettes, CDs ----[-. vo: p-j -J O] h [-C E p--E Tx- -i proverb L---. . --, t-[. : O-o--E --i proverb D English ].

vo: Oxford advanced dictionary

word

I

[4. Tx . Tx L-]. O Tx ? 5. x C-h. x C-. x C-h? 6. Tx E- h. Tx E- [. O Tx E- h? 7. \[ dx j]u h. (j]u [ = treat) \[ dx j]u . \[ dx j]u h? 8. x -h. x -. x -h?'verb' Answers: 1. They come here daily. They do not come here daily. Do they come here daily? 2. You meet him every day. You do not meet him every day. Do you meet him everyday? 3. We sing well. 3.

C 26 W 2005

x [?How do they sing? (How =

Ans:

[.

?)

4.

O-] p[ -u h?Why do you always come late? Ans: I miss the bus.

They sing well

5.

O -- p[ l? (W)

When do you start for college? (every day) Ans: I start at 9 AM. 6.

Ramu: Do you know Mr. venu?

(F ?)

They know English.

x Tx L-]. x Tx ? hC

] j d h?Ans:

Why do you waste time? I do not waste time.

Vasu: Of course, I know him.

( )

They do not know English. Do they know English? (Question Structure 2.

d -[-].

Ramu: How do you know him? Vasu:

( F ?)We work in the same department. But he works in another section.

( -d-x \ ho. F {x E--h[)Ramu: Which section does he work in?

p[ ]) y-[ -u h.You always come late. You do not come late.

y-p[ -u .

(not)

( {x E h[?)

y-[ -u h?Do you always come late?

(y N- ] -------o?) j - -E-. Question do, does h-o. O [ ---[ English u.Regular doing words (1st RDW, 2nd RDW) - come, comes; go, goesnot question

Vasu:

Why do you want to know all this?

-N , --p[ v-h L. Txj d N x -hC. vA W ] NtC . ] Nt-C- x -I do not (don't) go to college at 9 AM. I go to college at 9 AM.

d L !3.

C questions English practice . 1. x W \- ] h? 2. O Eo E---] h? 3. O - h---\[ ? 4. x vA ]--? 5. p # O -? 6. O -C-h? 7. x W \- p--h? 8. vA C- y--JE --? 9. E- Fd? 10. O K - - \[ ? j questions vA--E -- .Answers: 1. Why do they come here every day?Ans: They come here to see me.

2. Why do you watch so many movies?Ans: I watch them because I like them.

o- - h.His friends help him.

vA V x o --.They meet me every day.

o- - .His friends do not help him.

x --.

They do not meet me every day. 'not'

--p[ (uA- p--E), question p[1st RDW (come, go 'do'

xDo his friends help him? know = do know come = do come help = do help

8

o- - h?

N) hC. Eo u

M. SURESAN

1) I go there every Sunday. a) I do not go there every Sunday. b) Do I go there every Sunday? 2) They speak Telugu. a) They do not speak Telugu. b) Do they speak Telugu?

(1) go not --p[ 1 (a) do go -C. Question 1 (b) do go -C. (2) Speak not --p[ 2(a), question 2(b) do speak C.3) We like mangoes a) We do not like mangoes b) Do we like mangoes?

[ j ux -E-. C u- English practice . 1. Rx-\- W h. Rx\- W . Rx-\- W h? 2. y E W --. y E W --. y E W ---? 3. [. [. [-?

We do not sing well. Do we sing well? 4. I know English. I do not know English. Do you know English? 5. These teachers teach well. These teachers do not teach well. Do these teachers teach well? 6. We watch English movies. We do not watch English movies. Do you watch English movies? 7. The doctors here treat well. The doctors here do not treat well. Do the doctors here treat well? 8. They act well. They do not act well. Do they act well? English what, where, when, which, whose, whom and why questions 'wh' words questions 'wh' questions. 'wh' 'wh' questions 1 st RDW do + 1 st RDW 1. What do you know? 2. Where do you live?

3. Where do you buy books usually?Ans: I buy them at that stall.

4. What newspaper do they read?Ans: They read the Eenadu.

5. When do your holidays begin?Ans: They usually begin in April 3rd week.

6. How much do you earn?

(O-] --------o?)7. When do they come here every day?Ans: They come here at 7 PM

Ans: Why do you want to know?

8. Whom do you meet every sunday?Ans: I meet my friend.

9. What kind of movies do you like?Ans: I like suspense movies.

10. Where do you buy provisions usually?Ans: I buy them at that shop.

[- ? OE O - O ? O-\-[-?

hC.

.

p Tx O p Tx, vA\, [, # a.email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

O !

>[, j]82

vo: standard {vFE J

\[ like not F question F --p[ do like [ -E. d 1 RDW + not/?= do + 1st RDW. 1st Regular Doing Words (come, go -N)E not question -p[ do + 1st RDW -C. C- not uA-, questions practice . Eo --... 1. x Tx .

L? j Word y Ad Y]lA L---. Key to dictionary entries N? j, K-- : Standard dictionary Word A-d ]lA . Alphabetical order refer [. L_ refer - C ---L. English alphabet v a-z L-L. A ] Spelling #a- L L. - pLx p-

] -]. --p[ vuo Spellings E L. existence ] spelling -- existance E A- ] Dictionary -]. --p[ a ] e vu-o -[ -A ]. Word A--d Y ]lA C. v h--Eo d y ] -[ -- C. ] vA @j o Lead Word --L. Spelling d -L. Key to dictionary entries n

{vF a -C-# N. N Pronunciation , -i , - C. - Eo #hC. a Idiom a h, Synonyms, antonyms L. ...C. OE Key to dictionary entries N-J-h. N {vF NE--Eo u - hC. parts of speech parts of speech Print Type Parts of speech Noun, Verb

IRaghu: Does your friend meet you regularly? Ramu: Which friend? Raghu: Seshu Ramu: Yes, he meets me regularly. But he does not meet me on sundays.

[-

28 W 2005

(O v Eo u-- -h?) ( v?) ()

He does not move out of home on sunday.

(. u-- -h[ F C- v -[.)

Raghu: Why does he not (doesn't he) meet you on sundays?

(C-- ] -[?)

( C- x ]-[.) j - ! 2nd RDW meets question not does meet -C. does move moves (not #a-p[). Come, go, Walk 1st RDWs not, (Regular Doing Words) questions --p[ do h-]E o.eg: 1) They come here everyday. a) they do not come here every day. b) Do they come here every day? 2) You come here often. a) You do not come here often. b) Do you come here often?

Ramu: He does not move out of home on sunday.

C u- vd . 1. a) -]- C-h. b) -]- C-. c) -]- C-h? 2. a) x -- h. b) x -- . c) x -- h? 3. a) - \ W h.

Does Usha play well?

ANSWERS:

1. a) Mr Ananda Rao teaches well. b) Mr Ananda Rao does not teach well. c) How does Mr Ananda Rao teach? 2. a) They help others. b) They do not help others. c) Do they help others? 3. a) Mr Rao comes here every day. b) Mr Rao does not come here every day. c) Does Mr Rao come here every day? 4. a) We watch the TV for an hour every morning. b) We do not watch TV for an hour every morning. c) When do you watch the TV every day? 5. a) The paper comes every day at 6 AM. b) The paper does not come here at AM. c) When does the paper come? 5. a) We get the paper at 6 AM b) We do not get the paper at 6 AM c) When do you get the paper? 6. a) They understand his teaching well. b) They do not understand his teaching well. c) How well do they understand his teaching? 7. a) You read the paper every day. b) You do not read the paper everyday. c) What paper do you read everyday? 8. a) She goes to her friends' on Sundays. b) She does not go to her friends' on Sundays. c) How often does she go to her friends'? 9. a) She likes him. b) She does not like him. c) Why does she like him so much? 10. a) He goes to Vizag every week. b) He does not go to Vizag every week. c) Why does he go to Vizag every week? 11. a) We take coffee. b) We do not take coffee. c) What do you take, coffee or tea? 6

p[ F, hC. d L.

2nd Regular Doing Wordsverbs not comes, goes, walks, talks question 'does' 2nd RDWs- he, she, it 'does' he, she, it

F p[ [. --T2nd RDW

Does phC?Does (Sunil) find? 4) goes (+ not) = does not go; Q: Does (Sita) go?Q:

1) Sunita (She) sings well. a) Sunita does not sing well. verb 'does sing' - not b) Does Sunita sing well? verb 'does sing' - question sings + not/? = does sing sings not question 'does sing'

h--.

\[

2nd RDW

.

\[ \[ p[ C.

.

F, F --

p[ C E . N -C-#N. Eo ]sx J Eo ]sx Lq C. v-h

takes = does take (with not/?) comes = does come (with not/?) writes = does write (with not/?) practice 1st RDW, 2nd RDW 'do', 'does'

2) Kumar (he) knows English. a) Kumar does not M. SURESAN know English. b) Does Kumar know English? knows + not/? = does know) 3) Hari likes music. a) Hari does not like music. b) Does Hari like music? 'not' questions 2nd RDWs

x-E#eg: 1. a) b) c) 2. a) b) c) practice

9

.

(-E- !

11 .. [--. 11 .. [-. O-Eo- [--? [-C. [].Usha plays well. Usha does not play well. I do not go to bed at 11 PM. When do you go to bed? I go to bed at 11 PM.

[.

J-Eo

1) works (+ not) = does not work; Q: Does (he) work? 2) takes (+ not) = does not take; Q: Does (she) take? 3) finds (+ not) = does not find;

[-?

- \- W . - \- W h? ] O h. ] O [. O W O p[ h? . W ] 6 hC. W ] 6 - ]. W Eo- hC? x ] n-C. x ] n ]. x ] nC? 7. a) O W ]--. b) O W ]-. c) O W ]--? 8. a) C-- x vq C. b) C-- x vq x]. c) x vq - C? 9. a) - d. b) - d ]. c) - ]- d? 10. a) vA- j [. b) vA- j x[. c) vA- j ] [? 11. a) B-. b) B. c) O B-, ?b) c) 4. a) b) c) 5 a) b) c) 6. a) b) c) simple present present perfect combination simple past perfect past simple past simple past just recent actions present perfect + present perfect

p Tx O p Tx, vA\, [, # a.>[, j]82

O !

Nq q Lq #a--p[ vo: v-h B--L.

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net j--? 1. I know you've stolen my book. j--? tion j-. O ] u . uEo -a? j-? I Know (simple present) you've stolen 2. I knew you had stolen my book. (present perfect). j u ]-s L. j- N-J---. 3. I Knew you stole my book simple past, past perfect combination o 4. I have just Know (that) you've stolen u j- ? . , o-, o [, ] u d. u j-. F h T-L--E . uEo -a : I know you have stolen my book eg: DE n y h -L--E \[ T-L--[ . L--[ I knew you had stolen my book. \[ [ past ], I have just noticed that he has not attend. . y J- d knew, had ed class for the past two days. ] T-L-#C LC I Knew you stole my book. have noticed, have attended [ pres ]-sEo d DE n -a stolen L. p[. F - u p. Simple Present, Present perfect combina- ent perfect ! [ a. I knew you had stolen my book.my book. 5. I know (that) you stolen my book yesterday. 6. I knew that you had stolen my book yesterday.

I

v

[ p- J, - N, (Past Doing Word- PDW).

30 W 2005

1st RDW (Regular Doing Words- come, go) 2nd RDW (Regular Doing Words- comes, goes) 1st RDW 'not' question 'do', 2nd RDW 'not' question 'does' Ravi: Hello Ramana when did you return from Vizag?

N [. E, F E, E hC E -o.

a-[, E-[[, EvC-[, --[, n -[, [, [, ]l--[[, a[, u [, -[, [[, NvA B-[, E-[, ' [, [[, [ [, d[, E--[, [.

(, j # p[ AJ-a?) (Eo AJ--a.)Why did you go to Vizag?

--o?Let's go over what we've learnt so far.

-- a--oC J l.

Ramana: I returned yesterday. Ravi:

(j ] x?)

Ramana: I went there to attend a marriage the day before.

( Rx --u-] o \- x.) (Rx J-TC?)How did the marriage go off?

Ravi:

O , --o. p[ OE -E-. -J/---JC = whose -J-E/---J = whoma) Whose book is this?

am, is, are; was, were; have/has been; shall be/will be;1st Regular Doing Words (go, verbs), 2nd Regular Doing come, walk Words (goes, comes, walks verbs) 'not' question do, does

h @. x.The pages of the book (book's-

[--[])

[[

p) - --v p[ - [.

legs of the table (table's Doors of the house. Wheels of the car. Ramu: I went to my uncle's place last evening.

come like talk smell kill etc.

-

came liked talked smelt killed past actions

OE j L- p[ [.

[.

Ramana: Oh, it went off very well.

Fo J-T . J p[ . past actions ( J-T-- - V, , -q E #a L--p[) verb - past doing word. C u [.A 1) He comes here every day. regular action 2) I go to movies every sunday. regular 'go' B 1) He came here yesterday.

(yesterday), went (day before), went (also day before) (yesterday, day before)

(Rx J-TC.) j - -E-. return

1) He comes on time everyday, but he came late yesterday.

ofC J h?b) Whose is this book?

(vAW j h[, Eo -u a[ yesterday - came)

2) My mother goes to bed early (regulargoes). She went late to bed yesterday (yesterday went). 3) India became independent in 1947.

E j o d

( 1947 yv uC.)

(vA-W) C

d

h -JC? c) y -JE \ d--[-?A , B ?Whom do you like more, A or B?

(Eo v u x.)Raghu: What was the matter?

4) The movie flopped on the first day of its release last week (flopped - last week). 5) She passed Intermediate 2 years ago. I & II Regular Doing Words past forms eg: buy/buys (regular) - bought (past-

] #a p. J-T--C)

(]?)

(past action

( Eo a[) , Eo ? Eo E j o d came)

Ramu: My cousin returned from the states the day before. He wanted to see me.

2) He went to a movie last night.

C Eo vA j J-T-]E o d went. C d [. (v p- J-N)Regular Doing Words Regular actions d)

x 10y -J --[-? ?Whom do you help?

(o x-s -J # AJ--a[. o ----o[.) ( V ]l O . F O x E p.)

sing/sings (regular) - sang (past- [[ --C) OE vd . A[ (Regular), [, [-[, a-[, [, x[[, [, [[, d[, [, ][, [ Answers: eat/eats buy/buys walk/walks learn/ learns write/writes talk/talks shout/shouts weep/weeps build/builds drink/drinks move/moves change/changes ate; bought; walked; learnt; wrote; talked; shouted; wept; built; drank; moved; changed.

Raghu: I tried to get you over phone this morning; but your people told me you were out.

I RDW (I, We, You & they) go see come know tell teach write sing keep learn walk

II RDW (He, She & It) goes sees comes knows tells teaches writes sings keeps learns walks

e) Whom does she know? myminea) M. SURESAN This is my pen. b) This pen is mine. our ours youryoursThis is my book; Where is yours?

; C .

C.

Ramu:

C.

; C F/O FC/-OC

(. Eo v u x- o.) - J-Q-Lh J L- - J-T --- J# x-x -hC. verbs: went (last evening),returned (the day before), wanted (after he came), tried (this morning), told (this morning). went, returned, wanted, tried, told past tense past verbsPast Doing Words

Yes, I spent the whole of last night at my uncle's.

Past actions, Time stated

( j J-T-N)

(C h; F-\[?) his- -E/---EC; her- \ hers- C her E n C.This is Ramesh's shirt.

OE - . . OE u J-T , V, -q, j E L---p[ [.I met him yesterday.

Past Doing Words went saw came knew told taught wrote sang kept learnt walked English verbs Regular Doing Words, Past Doing Words practice eg: eat (I RDW), eats (II RDW), ate

C \. -C, - C E L----E 's (Apostrophe- s) [. o J ]h.My father's cloths.

(Eo E ---o)

t

My mother's jewels

C n a . A[

,

J E E, -J C E F p--E English 's (apostrophe- s) [. v E ---i C --E 's [. E ] 'of' [.

( -q x [s -d-o) j L- past actions ( JT -) past doing words (past simple ) L--L. past doing words (past simple) ---go see write went saw wrote

They lost a lot of money last year.

N], x -T- N-J---. . , ]l- : Tx x--] tenses x ---Lq - ]. Time of action (E-J ) d -Lq verb (verb form) -- . p QJ{- #a -Fo tense -C-#-. E vd . : (W 28) Q&A vJ# voE u jC ]. u Ltense I have known (that) you've stolen my book.

vo: present

tense, past tense, future

ISridhar: Where were you last Evening?

[(Eo \-[-o?)Srikanth: I was at Sankar's. We spent the evening together.

E 2 Vj 2005

( Rxx o. v ]l L o.)Sridhar: Do you see him everyday?

.) > -D \[-[. \-\-[-? Ramesh: M]. ] q------o? Naresh: Eo --E (want to [).Answer:Ramesh: Hi Naresh? How are you? practice

(W y Eo ---?)Srikanth: No. He is out some evenings. He attends music classes two or three evenings a week.

( --J- )Naresh: here?

Fine. Thank you. How are you?

(] Eo--V v x [[. -E [, [ -v U a--[.)Sridhar: When did he start learning?

Ramesh: Fine too. Thank you. Why are you (How is it you are here?/What brings you here?/How do I see you here now?-

[Ramesh: Do you read a lot? (Have you/do you have the habit of reading?) Naresh: Yes, I read a lot. Reading interests me/ I am interested in reading. Ramesh: Don't you (Do you not) watch movies? Do you watch?

.

practice

O C.

VOCABULARYSentence structures practice - vocabulary ( Eo ) -L. climb up = \[ climb down = C[ rush = yy x[/ -N- x[/urgent Ej [. Hurry up, please = y F. Why are you in a hurry?

O-Eopractice

(a--[ p[ ] d[?)Srikanth: I don't know. I think he has been at, is for at least 6 to 7 months now.

n . u- .)

Naresh: I bought some books in this shop here this morning. One of them is

(\[ -E-. h?

( L]. F [ - E O o-[--.)Sridhar: How about a movie tomorrow? Will you be free?

( E ? y S?)Srikanth: I will be away tomorrow. I will be free the day after tomorrow.

( -[. x S .) j - -E-. Time d verb forms ? C - O friends F, O -J x--J--j practice . p-- Spoken English Columns #a N- O follow , - O . ( C x ] OO friends x practice .) Ramesh: o? Naresh: o, uu. y o? Ramesh: o. uu. p[ \-[-o? Naresh: h- ]l Eo h o. J ]. Eo AJT a--E -o. Ramesh: h- ? Naresh: Eo @ . Ramesh: ] o-[ -E--? Naresh: Cl ]- o! Ramesh: F h- C --? Naresh: \ ]--. ]- h. Ramesh: E- [? Naresh: y h? Ramesh: . F -E--J. Naresh: (tomorrow begin vo:

!Do you?[ watch? Naresh: Do you? not in a good condition / is in a bad condition. I want to return it. Ramesh: What's (=What is) wrong with the book? (What's wrongDo you not watch / Don't you

C Tx- y----

\[ Do you watch movies E Jh Lq - ]. / Do you sea a lot?Ramesh: Oh, yes. I watch at least one movie a

]- ] F?/--] [--o? hurry(J) = ] Crawl (v) = [ u x E -, K \ xo v, x N, [-E x x [, x, x Eo creep (v-vq, vd) . [ L E- ][. Creep--u, -- ]-[ n C. = worry (J); [-[ =amble () (camp am -L) ]-- = haste (d)PRONUNCIATION GUIDE1) English

x 11[ n: -?, ?, p--o?)Naresh: Some pages are missing. Ramesh: Didn't you (did you not) notice it this morning when you bought it?

week. / I watch movies at least once a week.

hitting, betting, selling, hum-

\[ O - --L-T Oh, yes, Ido. At least once a weak.

M. SURESAN

E clipped sentences (C-# u) [a. I do= I watch.Naresh: Tomorrow is/will be a holiday for us. My cousin Jagadish also will be here tomorrow. Where will you be? Ramesh: I don't (do not) know. Why do you want to know? Naresh: I wish to/want to invite you to my place.

-u -C [ -E, pur[- C u. ---E, -, buy, buys, bought etc. d. -] purchase [-a.chase(s) past doing word 'purchased' I have a few purchases to make.

ming, cunning - a [- - -L. hitting = betting = selling = L humming = N cunning = E, (d, d, Lx etc []) 2) Looked, booked, talked, pressed, jumped -

- x #J

'ed'

E t -L.

Looked= Lookt; talked=talkt etc.

Eo h- - L. Oj buy, buys, bought [. C.Naresh: I was in a little hurry

. -- Spoken English -o Cl -- ----

p Tx O p Tx, vA\, [, # a.email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

O !

>[, j]82

'She has had this job for the last one year'

,

'She has been this job

for the last one year' [ u N? N--t, N--[

:

'She has had this job for the last

one year'

o,

She has been in this job

for the last one year' o n . u -q- ]E ] u-E n. u-E n u- -q < C.

v's' / 'es' h. u d ]. She has been in this vo: E -h. DEE Tx- : I got married, I was married [ job L (in L). d. n v Cl C. ? I got married = x-C ( V, . v, [ vo: Simple present tense subject's singular o-p[ verb 's' E, : I will make him / her / them / you -q C- N- ]-sEo d clear ). 'es'E -h. Subject - 'I' o- do it. p[ verb 's', 'es' a--]? vo: I got married, I was married Ex: I got married (on Monday last/ last year / in 2004 / 22nd June etc.) . --], Cl--E- [ u j--? ]I was married = DE n p- s uEo --T: Simple present Singular subx----]E. L? jects Eo- Verb 's' / 'es'a. III . y, -[ Q: Were you married (at the time)? Person singular subjects- He, She, It A: yes, I was married.

'She has been this job for the last one year

IPranav: How is everybody, Praveen?

[[[.children (plural) - child (singular) child he/she

4 Vj 2005

(vO! ] o, -?)Praveen: Not bad, I suppose. How is it with you?

] - .6. Do snakes lay eggs?

It

( o----o. y o)Pranav: Fine. Thank you.

( [x [-?) pron: lay : () = [x--N d[7. These hotels do good business. do good business = 8. Why do students waste time? 9. How well they swim!

( o) jFo --J . O vq, Eo--- ---o-p[ --J [--[.Praveen: How about practising the following exercise? (How about English exercise practice Pranav: It suits me fine.

u [[ Pranav:

(Nu-n ] ' h?) (x ]-!) C a-u-n (exclamation )!. question ].10. Do I look ill? Well, how was that exercise? exercise? Praveen: Which exercise do you mean?

- v--E [-. l? E n)

(

)

( --u E--h-o?)11. Where do they work?

: UhC. - A a-C. (get [.) : U[ \[ a-C? : - a-C.Answer: Raghu: Who drew that picture? Ramu: Ramu: Lata She draws very well. She got even a prize last week. (even a prize Ramu: Raghu: Does she draw so well?

C t-AE L----E [.Let's (= let us) see what it is. ( Exercise -1: subject He/she/It senpractice tence eg: I know the subject well.

(x \[ E--h? / x u \[?)12. Do you go to movies often?

( q--j J# y x-[-o?)Pranav: The last exercise about rewriting sentences after changing the sub-

l/[F)

C u-xE , Ja, ] T p N .

( bd ) \ subject 'I'. I ], He/She (\[ it j n ] d C--.) - j Shravan , Anjali ---. p[ I know the subject well u He/She/Shravan/Anjali knows the subject well. -C.eg2: These books give a lot of information.

n !ject?

= -A )

Raghu: Where did she learn it? She learnt it on her own.

(O E----h?)13. What do they think of this plan?

, on my own = x x, on his own = -- ) Sx draw B-. DE [ n --o . 3) draw = j \-j regular supply ][. - B--. -- ,on their own = I draw milk from this booth. People of this area draw milk from this booth. 4) draw= bank withdraw 5) draw= Gandhi.

(on her own =

(x ] J# ----o?)14. What do they do in the evenings?

( ]-JC. sentences subject Ja [)Praveen: It helps us to know when to use the 1st RDW- Regular Doing Words (come, go 2nd RDW (comes, goes do, does.

( h- --Eo h.) sentence subject 'These books'. 'These books' ] He/She/J j(Ramu/Sita) / this book/it, subject These books give a lot of information u -C. E p[ \[ #a Eo ( uh -, . h -) d : 'pron' pronunciation E.1. I think I am right. He/She/Ram/Sita/This book/ It gives a lot of information sentence subject He/She/It/Any name practice

# t B--[.

He drew Rs. 5000 from the bank.

N),

x 12(x -v h?)15. Do you like tea? What do they prefer, coffee or tea?

E -a. ][

Freedom fighters drew inspiration from

N),

(F d? x C \ d, ?)Answers: 1. He/She/any name thinks he/she is right. 2. He/She/any name helps their/his/her father quite often. 3. My dog/It/He/She often troubles my/ his/ her neighbours. 4. He/ She/any name goes to temple on fridays. 5. He/ She/ A good child/ It/ any name obeys his/her/its/ any name's parent. 6. Does a snake/It lay eggs? 7. This hotel/It does good business. 8. Why does a student waste his/her/any name's time? 9. How well he/she /any name/ It swims? 10. Does he/she/any name look ill? 11. Where does he/she/any name work? 12. Does he/she/any name go to movies often? 13. What does he/she/any name think of this plan? 14. What does he/she/any name do in the evenings? 15. Does he/she/any name like tea? What does he/she prefer?

( j ---o).2. They help their father quite often.

N --- M. SURESAN -E -[) C vd . --x [ [. turn on the tap/turn the tap on= ]-[ turn off the tap/turn the tap off= d[Ram: Turn on the tap please, I need some water.

(N

1st RDW, 2nd RDW, do, does

yvu ---] D # pJh . pron: Inspiration -p--- = pJh 6) - ][ = draw informationThe police were unable to draw information from the accused.

(x x o ---[-.) pron: often -/--d3. My dogs often trouble my neighbours.

(M- EC- # - ]/ -d----.) accused (ud) = EC-[ (d J-).

(h Ap. Fx L.)Shyam: As soon as you draw enough water, please turn it off. Don't waste water.

( \ x sC [--.) \[ subject 'My dogs' - DEo O His/Her/any name d p. 'My dog' p.4. I go to temple on fridays. 5. Good children always obey their parents. parents

(O -Lq-Eo Fx Bo - -. Fx ' -.) \[ draw [.draw: 1)

vo: W 24 vA p Tx

Fx N [[, ][ n -]-J . t [.Bapu draws beautiful pictures

We draw water from the tap/ the well/ the river etc., 2) draw

(Cl---j x x N .) pron: obey = -- [[, N[, N- LT

(

)

Q&A QJ{ . --, t-[ # p-j -J O [-C u-E --i english proverb p-E -. E j proverb ]E p. F n saying C ? 'All lay loads on a willing horse'

p Tx O p Tx, vA\, [,>[, j]82.

O !

( ]-i t Uh)1st RDW= draw, 2nd RDW = draws, Past Doing Word = drew.

. E N, o

# a.

email: pratibha@ eenadu.net

C - English vd . : t U--? : : Uh?

Thank you very much E N. One is never too old to learn ( j ----Lq-N ) C p[ d.

: .

IAjitha: Hi Naresh, how goes Life?

[[-a.eg: 1) Laxman: Did you meet Ram yesterday? Bharat: Yes, I did. Yes I met him Conversational 'Yes I did' 2) Divya: Does she sing well? Deepika: She does, very well. conversational She does Yes, she sings very well

] 6 Vj 2005

( --J x C . Practice [. Dn, o E)Naresh: No regrets. Getting on.

(]-O . J-T--C.)Ajitha: Did you go through the Eenadu this morning?

- ,

. .

( V ]l [ C-?)Naresh: No, I didn't. What's new?

(]. i N ?)Ajitha: Don't you (Do not you/Do you not) read the newspaper?

, .

.

(u-- ]-?)Naresh: I do, of course. But this morning I was in a hurry. I just ran through the headlines. My sister reads the paper in detail.

(]--. F ]l -N- -jq v C. x h ]--C.)Ajitha: Does she?

,

3) Champa: Do you practice the game regularly? Charan: Oh, yes, I do. I practice the game regularly 'I do' 4) Prameela: Does Kranthi meet you often? Prasanthi: No, she doesn't (= does not)

singer

E h - C.

(j -x 2 No, she is not a good E E, 3 No, we are not students E F Jh -\--]) - -G-y--E clipped responses- C-# p]- [-. C - [.Govind: I play better than Sachin.

Suman: 6) Madan:

of the hottest

C p M], E one E v .

(seem; a good fellow Manoj: 7) Mukund: Murari: 8) Nelson: Neeraj: 9) Taruni: Sania: Taruni: Sania: 10) Bhaskar: Bhanu: 11) Teacher: Pupil:

y #-- E--h-o. [) ? C F #- x x -B-? / .

( # [-.)Govardhan: Oh, do you? People don't know that, unfortunately

(?) -- 'do, does, did' . ] OE NJ. Sx # -] C u Tx- vd .eg: 1) Pavan:

answer, 'no' she doesn't No, she does not meet me often

\[

d

. E Jh

-\--].

Eo O ---C? ([ happen. what, who y Eo ]sx questions 'do', 'does', 'did' . eg: O--J-a h? Who

Jh.... p\x]!Jh ]. Lq EDo you like cricket? (Do you know Hindi?) Srinivas:

(, ?v--C L], ]]'d C )

h- O? . Fo /-.

O O J-q h? h-/--[. N h . -/-] ('are' [) Rx-\[ -x? (were [) -/-] (were L) vo d? -/-] (is L)

gave you the book?) (What happened to your car yesterday?) Prakash: (It broke down yesterday.) - break down) Pavan: (Does it break down frequently?) Prakash:

C J T--C.

5) Sekhar: Did you talk to Kalyan yesterday? Chandra: No, I didn't (= did not) No, I did not talk to him. 6) Mallik:

(, v E-----[

OJ-p[ do, does, did, am, is, are etc... [ C conversation English O friends practice : C --- [. Krishna: O D ? M](No, I don't)/ (yes, I do).

Answers:1) Pratima: Do you speak Tamil? Pratibha: Yes, I do / No, I don't. 2) Janaki: Does Venu like Tennis? Jayanthi: Yes, he does / No, he doesn't. 3) Shyam: I want to become the CM Sundar: Oh, do you? Is that enough? 4) Prabhat: Kamal left for/went to Mumbai yesterday Praveen: Did he? Why? 5) Sukumar: Our city is the best in A.P. Suman: Oh, is it? which city is it? Sukumar: Vijayawada Suman: I don't know whether it is the best, but I know it is one of the hottest places. 6) Madan: You seem/appear to be a good fellow Manoj: Do I? That's because of your goodness. 7) Mukund: Are they Indians? Murari: No, they aren't / yes, they are 8) Nelson: Are these books your's? Neeraj: Yes, they are all mine / No,they aren't. (= are not) 9) Taruni: Do you watch TV serials? Sania: Yes, I do / No, I don't (=do not) Taruni: Are they interesting? Sania: Yes, they are / No, they aren't 10) Bhaskar: Were they here? Bhanu: Yes, they were / No, they weren't 11) Teacher: Is this question difficult? Pupil: Yes, it is / No it isn't

C T---?

-]. Eo v ox T--C.(No, it doesn't (does not)).

No clear No, it doesn't No it doesn't breakdown frequently

T--a. .

,

x 13Madhav: No, I don't (= do not)

E Jh E Jh -\--]. C conversation J-Q-L-. Do, does did am, is, are, was, were xh responses y-a.1) Padma: Are you a teacher? I don't like cricket

pLq E-].2) Pradeep: Sreenivas sings well.

O N x--? Pratibha: x-[--/-x-[.2) Janaki: (like Jayanthi: 3) Shyam:

1) Pratima:

(XE- [-[).Prasanth: Does he?

d?

E [) d-/-]

M. SURESAN

(-?/--[-?) \[ does he sing so well E Jh Lq E-].3) Vinai: She scored the highest marks in last week's exam.

( K- ]J o \ \ a.)Varun: Did she?

Prakash: Yes I am. Yes, I am a teacher 2) Sita: Is Uma a good singer? Alivelu: No, she isn't (= is not)

(O ?) () -\--].

Sundar: 4) Prabhat: Praveen: 5) Sukumar:

u-vAE ---o. ? C ?(go /

Eo x[ leave [) ? ]?

(\[ Did she score... E Jh Lq - ].) , ] do, does, did vo:'Best'

( ])3) Ramesh: Are you students? Jagan & Naresh: No, we aren't/yes, we are

v]-v- h pC (best [) Suman: ? C? Sukumar: N--[ : This stone was laid by somebody \[ stone -C-. , Dams, GLf-q- Et- v-G--p[ VIP -C- [ / -n [.The CM laid the foundation stone for the bridge.

] First, second, next : ] u d ]. was --T--a? y, 'be' form y , do, >.N.-X-N, ---- go, come, walk 1st RDW (1st Regular Doing Words) . \[ was : 'First best' E . ]-, do C English ]. u 'What 'best' first C. next best, did he do?' d. \[ verb: did do = did. second best, third best... -a. Answer: He played / sang; He did not do vo: Interrogative sentences helping anything a. verbs --T---p[ was vo: This stone was laid by somebody did ]-sx L? u 'laid' J# N-J--C ux C j- -. . lying , lie verbs 1) What was he do? , laid verb present, past, 2) What did he do? past participle -. X, v- .-j.., q-d-

(u-vA - -C- / -n- .) lie (present tense) (]l p[), lied (pasttense),

lied

(past participle).

lie lay

(present)

([--[, NvA B-(past),

[...),

lay

laim(past participle).

([, [x--d[, -n [), laid (past), laid (past participle).

(present)

I

[-

v 8 Vj 2005

eg: 1) What gives light and heat to the world?

Ram:

(v--E -, E aC C?)2) What happened yesterday?

y wj h? (Good at driving/well [ [) Rahim: y h h? , h ] l. (, x x[ ride)

eg: 1) 2) 3) 4)

E- ].Let's (= Let us) go to a movie

h Let's have Coffee

(Eo J-TC?) [ ux what y does give E E, did happen E F . , 'who' y .eg: 1) Who knows the answer? 'Who

].Let's go home

x 14Answer:Ram: What happened yesterday? Rahim: My car broke down. Ram: Does it breakdown often? Rahim: No. It doesn't usually. Only yester-

Tx x-[-Let us (Let's) converse in English

5)

Tx a-Let's (Let us) learn English.

(- -J ? does know?' .)

2) Who gave you the book last night?

Let's go to a movieVenkat: Someone wants to see you. Venu: Let him come in. Venkat: He wants to talk you sir.

( NtLo -----o.) (-L t-.) (- O x------o.)

Venu: Ok, what does he want to talk to me?

(, x-----o?)Venkat: I do not know.

F...F... h F!! - practice . Ram: Eo J-TC? Rahim: j T--C (break down [.) (break down , K, , j v - T-[) Ram: - T--? Rahim: ], ]. Eo v J-TC. Ram: Eo J ? Rahim: ]_-x o -E. (nearby= ]_-o) Ram: y wj h? Rahim: h. Ram: F wjo? y wj h? Rahim: wj [. wj h.day. Who repaired it? A nearby mechanic. Do you drive? Oh, Yes, I do. Have you/ Do you have a driver, or do you drive it yourself? Rahim: I don't have a driver. I drive it myself. Ram: Do you drive well? / Are you good at driving? Rahim: (Do you) Want to see how I drive? Come, let's have a ride. Ram: Rahim: Ram: Rahim: Ram:

(Eo vA F h -Ja? Who did give you? .)

n Ey, AEy, [Ey- (= t-A-[) 1) E \ F.Let him come here 2) 3) 4) 5)

II. 'Let'

x xF.Let them go

o x-[F.Let me talk

N-[ [F.Let her sing

o NF.Let me hear

M. SURESAN

( L-].)Venu: Ok, let him talk. First of all let him come in.

(, -E x-[-F-. ] -L F-.) j -- let [ -E-. DEo -- y---- [-. English I RDW (Regular Doing Wordsgo, come verbs) not questions p[ 'do'; II RDW (goes, comes verbs) questions 'not' p['does'; Past Doing Words (PDW- went, came verbs) 'not' questions 'did' what, who do, does, did

h-]E -o. p[ y Eo ]-sx N E -E-L.

\[ 'let' --T# [. ]-sx 'let' j E l E #-[.will be your plan? having

III. (allow) Let 1) I don't let him come here again. 2) Don't let him waste time/ Let him not waste time. 3) Don't let him know it / Let him not know it. 4) Don't let him talk to her. 5) Don't let him stay here/ Let him not stay here. 6) We don't let children talk. let allow

n t-A-[ Sx E \- F- E j d Ey DEo L-E-y

N-[ E x[Ey E \[ [Ey

x- x-[-Ey

u--Eo- hC .

E

-- passive [. F He is being u being N-] L-----.Actually being y verb past participle L ! being ]-s [- L-----. . p- , o : He is being difficult- p[ u o[ E n. \[ 'is being' p[ [[ (continuous), is being y past participle C passive voice -C. The letter is being written ([ C I am/We are writing the letter passive). is being \ difficult L - N x o-E n.I am being good to you.

vo:

Being voice difficult

F x # -o (p[).He is being harsh.

. ]-sx [? ] #a--p[ verb What will you be? past participle ? Where will you be? ---- N-J-. What will your plan be? N--, How will your plan be? E vo u L. vo : I, We, You, They have bd ] will be/ shall be/ can . He, She, It has . be/ may be -[] ! F - a) I/We/You/My friends (they) have the O p Tx book. -- What will be your b) My friend (He/She) has the book. plan? E C p ! c) The fan (It) has three blades. p v v L--- have/has [ n: --. 1. j -J [[ (LT [[). x-V 'd-U--b, E[-]- j ux have n . : What will be your plan? d. 2. A[, [ () O j-. what a) I have coffee in the mornings. v-G vo- Eo ]sx will be, ( ] B--.) shall be L h. N 'what quesb) My mother has breakfast at 8 AM. (t ] E-N-C- v-d tions' v. What will your hC.) plan be? [ d. \- What vo:

[ J- o[ E n. vo: u- v- --J#

am having, is having, are having N A[, B-[ nE [-. LT [[ n [. I am having a car Ao- N-K-n hC. C --E I have a car. o-- [, o. My friend has a son and a daughter. My friend is having a son and a daughter.

a N-K-n x Ao-E ! d -x am having / is having / are having [.I am having tea, because coffee is not available. am having correct.

\[ ( ] d --o)

She is having a beautiful necklace.

C j [. ]-. x A]. d she has a beautiful necklace L.having C# JEo N ux Jal.

IMurali: Hi Sravanthi, keeping well? Walk - not Walks - not

[(vB, -o?) C --J. O conversation [.Sravanthi: I am, of course. How about you?

C 10 Vj 2005

/ question do walk / question does walk

(For Regular actions)

question

Past Doing Words (came, walked,

(---. F A?) (How about you?= F A)Murali: I am OK. I saw you at the park last evening.

verbs) not , 'did' hC. (Sx h--. j L- past action Past Doing Word [.)talked, sang, stood He sang well yesterday.

( o. Eo v Eo \ .)Sravanthi: But I didn't (= did not) see you. Why didn't you (= did you not) talk to me.

(Eo [) Eo [-] ('did' not

not

) x \ p[ a? d) x \- ] a? e) x \ ] ]? 6. a) - ] x v (ago) --o. b) - ] -x v --]. c) y p[ --o? d) p[ F pC? e) p[ F o p?c) b) They did not come here last week. c) When did they come here last week? d) Why did they come here last week? e) Why didn't they come here last week? (didn't they = did they not / did not they) 6. a) I met her first (for the first time) four years ago (back

He did not sing well yesterday.

[ -E-. Eo ? (C question)Did he sing well yesterday?

( Eo [-]. -] x-[-]?)

\[ question . Eo [?How did he sing?

'did'

[ -E-

p[ [?

When did he sing?

d h----Lq N Past Doing Word (past simple form) not E, question F did + 1st Regular Doing Word -C.He sang well yesterday.

JTO.. EO!x 15 -J RxC. - -J x-]. c) J Rx? 2. a) -q vU Jh--[. b) -q vU Jh ]. c) vU p[ Jh--[? 3. a) -- ] C- vu. b) -- ] C- v ]. c) -- ] C- v--u? 4. a) Eo y E ---o. b) Eo y -E ---]. c) Eo y -E ] -o? 5. a) x \ a. b) x \- ].b) 1. a)

]).

b) I did not meet her four years ago. c) When did you meet her? d) What did she tell you / say to you then? e) Did she tell you / say anything to you? 7. a) We made all these ready yesterday. b) We did not make all these ready yesterday. c) Did you make all these ready yesterday? d) Why didn't you (did you not / did not you) make all these ready yesterday? e) Why did you

How about you?Murali: I had a call from home. My mother wanted me immediately. So I rushed home.

a) He did not sing well yesterday. b) Did he sing well yesterday? sang + not/? = did sing

C u Tx- practice . eg: Eo \- a[.He came here yesterday.

( # #aC. t o tC. -- --x.)Sravanthi: I stayed at with my friend Sudha till 7 PM.

( o-- ] vA 7 \- o.) conversation verbs- saw, had, wanted, rushed and stayed. Questions #a-p[ did see, did talk [ -E-. verbs Past Doing Words . N L- - ( V, -q, , C- N-) J-T - J# -. E Sx J h--a-. Past doing Words J-Eo --- [.Regular Doing Words Past Doing Words

Eo \- ].He did not come here yesterday.

Eo \- a?Did he come here yesterday?

Eo Fo ]l . b) Eo- Fo ]l -]. c) O Eo- Fo ]l ? d) O Eo- Fo ] ]l ]? e) O Eo- Fo ] ]l ? 8. a) -q x- C-. b) -q x- ]-]. c) y \[ C-? d) y x- C-? 9. a) Eo E x. b) Eo E- x-]. c) y Eo E x? d) Eo E x? e) Eo y E- ]--x? f) Eo E x? 10. a) o[. b) -]. c) o? d) o[?

7. a)

M. SURESAN

make all these ready yesterday? 8. a) I studied in Nellore last year. b) I did not study in Nellore last year. c) Where did you study? d) Did you study in Nellore? 9. a) I went to a movie yesterday. b) I did not go to a movie yesterday. c) Did you go to a movie yesterday? d) Did I go to a movie yesterday? e) Why did you go to a movie yesterday? f) Which movie did I go to, yesterday? 10. a) Hemant bought a car last week. b) Hemant did not buy a car last week. c) Did Hemant buy a car last week? d) Which car did Hemant buy (last week)?

d past actions, time stated (j L, J-T) Past Doing Word (came, sang, wrote N) [. -E questions did + 1st Regular Doing Word [.

Answers:1. a) She went to / left for the US last Week. b) She did not go to / leave for the US last Week. c) Did she go to / leave for the US? 2. a) He completed (his) degree last year. b) He did not complete (his) degree last year. c) When did he complete (his) degree? 'Complete' 'take', 'pass'

vo:

Standard English

Come, Comes Sing, Like, Talk, Sings Likes Talks

Came Sang Liked Talked Smelt not questions

\[

],

v - v[- h E L. X], A-A

practice

.

Smell, Smells Regular Doing Words do, does

3. a) The classes began at 10 AM. b) The classes did not begin at 10 AM. c) Did the classes begin at 10 AM.? 4. a) You met him yesterday. b) You did not meet him yesterday. c) Why did you meet him yesterday? 5. a) They came here last week.

h. come - not / question do come comes - not / question does come

pp number [ J ]. -Vx x -] , STD Trunk booking o-p[ #a uh (Particular Person -PP) call E G uh #a x . -- E ---E C CONTACT NUMBER- O] -- E n.

:

I

[-

12 Vj 2005

b) To drive a car in such traffic is difficult. traffic car drive

( d.)

[

book? 13) Raghava does not want to study.

c) To smoke is bad for health.

-E-

Scold, chide, reprimand =

( a[ -u-E E-.) n ([, A[ ) #a-p[ infinitive ] 'ing' from (eating, smoking, etc) [-a. n ].

p-[[, ]-L[, --[ crush = -[, [[, L-T--[ Squeeze = ( ) [[ [). ]h u [[. n wring. twist = [, L--d[ twist the arm = L--d[ fold = [, [ d[ C x --. lizard - Lx (Dinosaurs E giant lizards ) giant - K K----[ (WWE wrestlers ). giant, giganticSqueeze tooth paste/shaving cream on the brush. paste Squeeze dry =

Students go to college to studyPrasanthi: Hi Preethi, where were you yesterday? (purpose) a) Students go to college to study.

l

L--[.

(vA, Eo y \[-o?)Preethi: I went to Ameerpet to see my cousin Prema. cousin Prema Ameerpet Prasanthi: I called you yesterday to ask you for some books. Why is Prema in Hyderabad now?

(]---E)b) Suseela came here to join a college. (college c) He went out an hour ago to buy vegetables. Want, wish, hope, expect, desire

--E)

(

[-E

x.)

(Eo h- [--E Eo F . v j]--- ]-C?)Preethi: To join a software institute here. software institute

(\[ E)

--

[ n infinitive J L verbs \ E n hC.a) She wants to sing. infinitive

(--E)

C u- . 1) x----o. 2) E --C. 3) vA NuJn best college ---[.

a) To sit in the class for five hours is not a joke. Sitting in the class for five hours is not a joke (to sit - sitting). b) To drive a car is difficult. Driving a car is difficult c) To smoke is bad for health. Smoking is bad for health. English practice

(v O]

Prasanthi: Which institute does she want to study in?

h -

( d-u- ]----C?)Preethi: I don't know. To learn software in some good place is all that she wants.

(-E --C.)b) He wishes to go home.

( x-E ---o[.)

(M]. -Lq-]x # institute software a[) j -- to see, to ask, to join, to learn o -E-. Fo o? To y 1st Regular Doing Words (see, ask, join, learn) h-o . OE infinitives . English infinitive vu C. Infinitive J-Eo --- to to to to Infinitive eat smoke buy sell etc.

x 16c) They hope to pass. (pass d) Kamala expects to get a prize.

y-E/----E P-h-o.)

(wj ]--E --C.) [, (to write), A[ (to eat) etc infinitive L---hC.a) To sit in the class for five hours a day is not a joke

4) TE [--E Eo vA x. 5) ]- [--E W s [. 6) v ]-[ v d ]. 7) -] [[ ]. 8) [ Eo Jd-x a---E college x-]. 9) E-[ ]? (deer - >) 3) \[ F E-hC? d j h-o. 4) p [. F [ EhC ( h-o). 5) -\[ E-hC? (whom...see [). iq ] ? 6) \ ]--i U NE-hC (we v-G#, some where [). 7) -p[ # - N[. d ]. 8) , x l NE-h-o. pC F NE-h? y pC NE-[ ].

Are you listening? English

Homemaker E [-a? My mother is housewife [ My mother is homemaker -C ? . 'g-, N, X--->x : 'Housewife' ---C. Homemaker C [-- hC. p--p [-- h-o- (u -J-) Houseworker. C a---a F x o \ --T-h-o.

vo: Housewife ]

ILakshmi: Hi, Ajitha, how are you? Lakshmi: Don't worry. It is only an ant.

[( >, o?)Ajitha: Fine, thank you. How are you?

C 24 Vj 2005

(o, y o?)Lakshmi: OK. thank you. Do I smell something sweet?

( o, - hoxC ]?)Ajitha: That's right. You smell the jasmine spray I use.

(--[... C -x.

O n p -}--LqC, E. }-Lq Time ---E. 3) - -u-E -n -, T- E ----- -l, F - p E. @N- --x JT /--JT - -u E ---. J-T-/- --\- ---E ---. -s- 'ifs and buts' . If ; but --p-. If Gandhi had been alive... -D A ... but he is not... , ... no ifs and buts - N ---- E-n E.4) I used to think of asking him for help

--E --E ---o.(I used to feel like asking him for help)

IGowtham: Hi Gambhir, I saw a bike in front of the bank by your home. (O \ bank bike ---) Gambhir: Wasn't it (was it not) yesterday? I saw the bike too. Really stunning. (Eo ? - bike . 3) Robert: Where is Vijayawada?

---

-- 20 -d- 2005

(N-- \-C)Guide: About 300 kms to the South East of Hyderabad. On the banks of the Krishna. (Hyderabad jA -C-- , 300 kms %g

C. Stunning = au L ()Gowtham: (Do you) know the owner?

f --C)Robert: I have heard of Rajahmundry. Where is it?

(--J ?)conversations spoken form (Do you) N C- know him? questions h -C.Practice . Gambhir: Yes. It is the bank manager's (. C bank manager C) Gowtham: Perhaps you have an account with the bank. A big account, ( bank F account --

(-v -J-* -\ ---C?)

No.2) Pranav: Where is Vijayawada? Prakash: About 40 kms off the sea coast. (\ about = , off = prepositions

Guide: A little distance from Vijayawada. It is on the Godavari. Where are you coming from?

(C price, rate . unit E v.)

Rate

p

-E-)Pranav: Is the Krishna a big river? Prakash: Yes. It is a very big river. One of the twelve major rivers in India.

(N-- --. -J f. O-\---* h-o?)Robert: From Goa. The beaches of the Arabian sea are really grand. How

. l h--?)

rate.. at, price.. for1) last lesson 'The' E -o-C: 'The'

- 11 ~- o. Vinai: x curtains Fo -o. curtain f o? Fo f\? Vijai: . O .320 v o. h 4500 C. Vinai: chairs ? Vijai: chairs, sofa, table Fo--L 12000 C.ANSWER: Vinai: Do you own this house ? Vijai: Yes. My father bought it for Rs.11 lakh two years ago. Vinai: The curtains are really nice. How much did you buy the curtain cloth for? Are all of them the pieces of the same cloth? Vijai: Yes. We bought it at Rs.320 a metre. We bought the whole cloth for about Rs.4500 (The whole thing cost us about Rs.4500) Vinai: What about these chairs? Vijai: These (the) chairs, that (the) sofa, that (the) table - we bought all of them together for Rs.12000/- (All these cost us Rs.12000/-) p Vocabulary items . 1) E---}- = go to a movie/ film/ picture. 2) --N f-- serve a meal/ food/ lunch/ dinner 3) , --N *a x--y- offer tea/ coffee/ a drink/ a seat 4) 5)

PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING: Vinai: x O -? (Do begin ) Vijai: . o- x

-J-* -, --l -E ---- '-?/ which? o question --E --E h The --L.

far is Vijayawada from the Bay of Bengal?

-x--- 49Khalid: The mangoes are good. How much did you buy them for?

a) He bought a book yesterday.

Eo- h -o-. h which book? (o) question , no answer. So 'a book' in the sentence. b) The book there is mine. \-o h --C. ' h/ which book?' question , The book there \-o h E answer hC d. 2) l _ x----o- x--J L- N The hC. j - . The bank by your home, the bike, the owner, the bank manager. \ O-Eo 'The' hC. -F?--FoGowtham, Gambhir l-J Bank, bike, owner, bank manager Pavan: Where are the books?

( *. \ -G -v -B- -- -- M. SURESAN --o. N- Bay of Bengal * ?)Guide: About 40 kms -- 'The' -- : To the Southeast, The Krishna, The Godavari, The Arabia Sea, The Bay of Bengal. x, --v- x- *a- the -Lq. C\- *--E (to the southeast) . NOW PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING: 1) Ram: \ library \? Raghu: Cl h -j -R}, ---j A-. library -EhC. Ram: - library l-? (Is begin

( N--x -o. o?)Kesav: At Rs. 80 a dozen. I bought all these for Rs. 160/-. There was a better variety, but the price I felt was too high. I was not prepared to buy them at that price. (Dozen 80 --- -p- -o.-

x---o d. vh- x L- N- -E. ( -h---\?)

O- 160 ---C. -o *- C. F K \ -E--*C. l ) \ 'at' 'for' prepositions - l. Rate dozen , , O at . 1) Gu 20 . -p- oI bought this rice at Rs 20 a Kg. 2) She bought her dress material at Rs. 300 a metre.

Can't you see? They are on the table. (-E-- ? table O-o.) Pavan: And where's (where is) the pen? Ravi: There too. On the table. (\. table O) Pavan: Where is the paper for me to write (-E paper C?) Ravi: You find a lot of paper in the shelf there. ( shelf ---- paper C) \ The books, The table, The pen, The shelf o. - Ravi, Pavan vh-N-ho books, table, pen, shelf Rx-l-J L---. -E \- 'The' ----o.

Ravi:

L) Raghu: GLf *o. h- v -o. 2) Pranav: N-- \? Prakash: vB-E 40 km C. Pranav: %-g -l ---? Prakash: - l C. -- E 12 l x C .ANSWERS: 1) Ram: Where is the library here? Raghu: Walk a little to the north and turn (to the) left. You see the library. Ram: Is the library big/ a big one? Raghu: The building is small, but the books are many. 2)

(-E -p-) coffee a E B-He offered me coffee but I didn't take it.

(-- -v ---J-- O 300 . p -oC)When we say we bought mangoes at Rs.80 a dozen, ( dozen 80. v o) , C Rate. d E- at.

--E coffee *a O x B-

I offered him coffee, but because he was angry with me, he refused it/ to take it. refuse= A- \-J--, p----- 6) y-J-- = accept

N p--p h Eo x o, h D -L-.He bought these mangoes for Rs.200

E-*a BHe did not accept my gift

-x h .200 d--o. (C price; rate , d for) h Gu 1600 ---CI bought this bag of rice for Rs. 1600/-

- - y-J (B)He doesn't (does not) accept gifts. not accept = reject He rejected my gift = He did not accept my gift.

-v-o: 1) O Q&A QJ{-

- uEo. ' - -- K_--J-h . C p J . E -? Ba--.

''regular actions present passive ''A lecturer is appointed by the committee" text book regular actions present passive simple future passive "In every business enterprise, the accounts will be classified on the basis of one key factor. That key factor is debit and credit. Debit, Credit accounts are classified

- vo ----Nh... - J h--o. -

C situation u-Eo present passive -T---, perfect passive --T---? --C d?

- - uEo --. F -- J --T-. :

-j- f, - u- h--Eo y-J--Eo ). v u-E n h ' u- O C-* y- C y-J-C. d --

Input:- "A computer accepts data which is provided by means of a input device like mouse, or key board" (Input device "input" 'data' "A computer accepts data which has been provided by means of input device like a mouse or key board"

future J EE *-hC. 2) Which is provided C correct. - p J--..? Mouse, keyboard input devices data C-h. EE computer B-C. OJ-*a sentence

N--d. -C?1) An input device like a mouse or keyboard provides the data. 2) The computer accepts it. p sentence no.1 passive Ja --E L is provides d E -hC . . data, - plural. Computer J-- v singular .

---:

E p-a? .--.--, --

1) \

--

The accounts are classified correct, will be classified C

IGanesh: Hi Harish, pleasure seeing you here. Welcome. Do come in.

[j --- made (make) #a prepositions -E made of, made from,made out of. 1) All the furniture is made of teak.

22 d 2005

(, K! Eo \[ [[/ y \- [ - C. -L !) Do come in = L E d p[. O conversation practise .Harish: Pleasure is equally mine/ Pleasure is mine too. So this is your new home. Really splendid. The furniture is elegant too.

Jo- . h E -Eo . `of' \[ p-E-J.We make tables of wood.

made of

( C. ]-o O h x. C. O Jo- W- C.) 'pleasure' -expressions Fo conversational bits. O conversation [ [.Splendid = excellent Elegant =

( tables (-q) \ h.) a) Vx Et----- , \ j- ] d xd- j- [-o.Nowadays we are using pipes made of (pipes of) hard plastic instead of pipes made of iron and steel for construction purposes. (finished product) made of pieces. curtain b) She made a beautiful figure out of the pieces of coloured paper.

( * spelling -*-. _. Syllable a o -. Construction. Dx con, struc, tion -- - syllables o. devide E spelling -*-. p _-.Having been selected he is happy select

-v-o: 1) Spoken english ,

---:

1) Underwear - (Underware

Spoken English

-- -u- -x ---..

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

IISunil: Hi Ramesh, the Megastar phoned me last night and asked for a few tips on acting.

[. question tags , lesson E Ramesh responses E short questions - OE response questions . N conversation --y-Eo-h. Question tags N- -] sentence d h-. -E-d O n h-C. - O-Eo- n ? E. N \- p N t--E-C op[E, au/h L-T N--i--p-[-E [. j -- Ramesh response questions Fo t-E N-- L-h-o ! Sunil Megastar phone [, ---[-[ N. responses O practice .

] 4 J 2006

( Eo-vA -d J# Eo - -[.)Ramesh: Oh, did he?

(?)Sunil: And what is more, he wanted to see me about a future movie of his. Unfortunately I am very busy you know. So I couldn't give him an appointment.

( , [ --o h E J# o -------o-E o[. F ]-]'d--h G@ ? -

... !?Preethi: Does it?

(J p . 50 -.) (?)

--- y----.) Appointment n u. F appointment \[ N] n = -E , Eg--[.Ramesh: Oh! Is that so? I didn't know (I haven't known) that you are so great.

responses subject

d,

--] sentence E d form h.

verb

Pramod: Two or three ministers consult me whenever they have problems.

costs II Regular Doing Word response 'does', coffee 'it' 'Does it?'

\[

d ]-E

C F -]. L- Fox o . ? ]-E? u --C. h [--V [-]-o. Kumar: F U ? Tarun: F? Kumar: C L-v- ] ? ]-E U - ]. Tarun: Eo ]-E -- o x y ---o. Kumar: ? ] a. Tarun: 20 -.Tarun: Kumar: Tarun:

Answers:Tarun: It was very cold the whole of yesterday in Hyderabad./ Hyderabad was very cold the whole of yesterday. Kumar: Was it? It wasn't so cold here. Tarun: I went about in sweater the whole day. Kumar: Did you? It was cold here too, but it wasn't so bad. Tarun: Even in such cold,/ Though it was so cold, I had a cold water bath/ a cold bath. Kumar: Did you?/ Had you? But why? Tarun: I ran out of gas/ The cylinder was empty/ The gas was exhausted. When I called the gas company, they said it would take two days/ I had to wait for two days. Kumar: Don't you have a geiger? Tarun: Do you?/ Have you? Kumar: This place is not so cold./ It is not so cold here, is it? So we don't need a geiger, do we? Tarun: I am going to buy a flat soon. A modern construction with all amenities. Kumar: Are you? What's the price?/ What is the price likely to be? Tarun: Around Rs. 20 lac.

(]l _ v -

Prema: Though she is not healthy, her husband does not help her.

(, y p--E L]).Sunil: Only the megastar knows my greatness.

( u --- h [.)Sujana: O, Doesn't he?

(?)verb does (not) help response 'does. Kumar: The actor who played Samson fought with a real lion, you know?

d

(-d- p-] )Ramesh: Does he? That's news to me. But I have a doubt, my dear Sunil.

(? C h N. C.) 'That's news to me = C -- LE N. conversation practice .Sunil: What's it?

(C?)Ramesh: Are you mentally sound?

(u- v [ E-i x-[, ) Sudheer: Did he? (?) j sentence verb 'fought'. C Past Doing word d, did hC. Subject 'actor' ] 'he' hC. Am, is, are, was, were, uj h o v-C-h.)Prasad: O, do they? shall, will, can, could, may, might, must, have, has, had etc. combinations verbs responses

(F A-n-N- E.) mentally sound = A-n-N [[ mentally unsound = #aSunil: Is that your doubt? Call the Megastar and ask him himself.

a

Eo-

( F . -d- \)Ramesh: Should I? (Do) you want me to be another fool like you? Come on. Cut all that stuff about his calling you and taking your suggestions. You look a real fool.

(, ? t-u - a response) Pramod sentence E verb 'consult'. C 1st Regular Doing Word- d response 'do' hC (Ministers ] 'they'). \[

.Charan: I can bat better than Tendulkar.

([-\ o u --.)Sravan: O, can you? Can't you bowl better than Pathan?

(? F ^[E-----? . d F [, F - B--[- #a [ dd. y E - o.) Cut = , d-d , stuff = C, [. Sunil: Do I? (?) j -- ] Sunil - Ramesh responses -E-. Did he? Is that so? I didn't know (I haven't known) Does he? Should I?

x 92question tags

M. SURESAN

not tag not [-C O [].

Pramod: Most ministers are my friends.

(?J o -?) responses practice . v]l -Eh responses question tags . practice O - form --. v-Ao-.Now practise the following in English Tarun:

vo:

(vx -C o-.) \[ verb 'are'. d ministers ] they .Prasad: O, are they?

q-/ d --a? ? Short forms writing spelling Jh-h? - spelling Jhh I would- shortform I'd. He has - He's, I have - I've

It is not short form it's not/ it isn't. pronunciation

( a-u---i N response hC.)Suraj: In the US, a cup of coffee costs a dollar, that is, about Rs. 50/-

Eo j]-- L C. Kumar: ? \-[ . Tarun: Eo y AJ. Kumar: ? \[ h L

-- question tags form L, conversation v J# -o. Conversation lively , effective --- question tags [ -

Spoken English

u x ...

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

]-j---E a-J-L? N, _[ : It's not = q not; It isn't = d -L. d writing - h. N contracted forms (short forms) N-- a-J-h. I'd = ; He has = he's = I've = . Eo contractions ] spoken forms d writing -C.

IILaxman: Hi Ramu, may the new year bring you all happiness. Ravi:

---Please go ahead. What is the matter?

--v 6 ----J 2006

(h -q F *a d-E ---o.)Ramu: So may it to you, Laxman.

(F --E J)Laxman: Thank you. Lessons

( p) -- 'May' -A Permission ---E -o . - jn x permission E, - -N x permission F -----o-p, May, question form I/ we .1) May I sit here? permission 2) May I use your phone? phone permission 3) May I know your name? / May I know who you are?

May -- Eo-E --o . j Sentences May - . N Wishes , Greetings (G---) . h-o , Laxman, Ramu wish --p, Ramu, Laxman wish --p May --o. -sx May p Sentence -C, Sentence May v -C. May v u sentences, blessings , Q-y--- .

(E-\ a-a?) (O

-a?)

4) 'May' in statement forms some times is used in place of 'shall' to express orders in a polite and formal way. 5) May in the beginning of a statement is used for expressing wishes and blessings. Now practice the following in English. a) Anil: Good morning, Sir.

Bhavan:

(O --/ -O-- ---a?) C Jh -J-*--.4) How long may I keep this book?

(F h Eo V----a?) May official/ formal permission y--E- statement form (you u) . Superior status o-} C x x- h- y, OJ xa n May -.1) You may go now.

Sravan: Bhavan:

Murthy:

-x--- 93

OJ x-a.

(permission

y)

O high school teacher, Sir. -N-t-Lo -J ----E a. --y - h-o- --E-. --- -y- -E-o --- --.p- -h-o-?

-- ---a. Sx h-. -- wait -a O. O front room a. Interview --y O x--. result -L--a? v O expect -.

When may I know the result?Keshav: Hi Jagan, when are you starting for Delhi? (Delhi Jagan: In a few hours from now. The train is at 3.30 Train 3.30 Keshav: I am going home now. I may not be able to come to station to see you off. May you have a very happy journey! 2) You may use my phone if you want.

-lo?) )

( Cl -.

(E- hoEp. F O\-L-y-E station a. F v - -E J.)Jagan: May you have a happy time in your new course! When do your classes begins? course classes ) Keshav: They begin the day after tomorrow.

(F h L. O .

y - p -----

(x) -- 'May' v u sentences Fo wishes -- -E- . --N ..u May you live long!

O - @N--E. (*-@! Q-q )u May your business prosper!

O u G-%Cl L! (J, Qq)u May you celebrate many more birth days like this!

j -- (O, -Lh phone ---a) -J hpermission y. Sir. o, u- ( E \-{ o visa ) orders y--E statement *aC. O Qform May . q a. 1) You may not leave office before 5 M. SURESAN (- O * -}-l) Murthy: F Q-q-p . F v order JT, y\- CN j -E 2) You may not smoke here Q-q (May ). (OJ-\ smoke --) order. Anil: -V birthday . Sir. 3) You may leave office only after five. y (O y -x-a) order Murthy: . --- --u- - E - o. (May ( x-E order). ). -Fo May --: -J v- Anil: - thanks, Sir. l. Murthy: *C. 1) 'May' expresses probability (J -) b) Sravan: -L - a? 2) 'May' expresses doubt () Bhavan: . a. Sravan: E-\- interview attend --E 3) May in the question form, especially with I/ a. Sravan. interWe is used for asking for permission in a very view p--a? formal and polite manner. Bhavan: h--. ... O uo 'May' for permission is used to ask for per - interview C. mission in a more polite and formal manner Sravan: p -o C . than 'can' and 'shall', with I/ We, and 'will', interview p a? (May and 'would' with you (in the question form) ).

Anil:

Answers: Anil: Good morning sir. You were our teacher in the high school. I have come to see you. Murthy: I remember you, Anil. (I am) happy to see/ meet you, though after a long time. What are you (now)? Anil: (I am) going to the states for higher studies. I got the visa the day before (yesterday). I've come for your blessings. Murthy: You have my blessings always. May you have a happy journey and may you study well and prosper there! Anil: Today is my birthday too, sir. Murthy: I am very happy. May you live long in health and happiness! Anil: Thank You, sir. Murthy: You are welcome. (May you have a happy journey = Wish you a happy journey; may you live long = Wish you a long and healthy life)

(j

-)

b) Sravan: May I come in (sir)? Bhavan: Please do/ do come in. Have a seat/ Please sit down. Sravan: I have come to attend an interview here. I am Sravan. When may I have the interview?/ When may be my interview? Bhavan: Wait a minute. Let me see... Yes. Your interview is at 2 in the afternoon. 1.30 sir. May I Sravan: It's already have the interview now itself ? Bhavan: That may be possible. I'll call you again. Till then you may wait outside. You may sit in the front room. You may not leave here till 5, even after the interview. Sravan: When may I know the result? Bhavan: Well, you may not expect it before tomorrow evening.

(p)

d V - ----E!u May you live to be a hundred.

-v-o: B TC, NJ-TC, size z . n = h E _ d-- English cousins. Children of your parents(

Ananth: Sumanth: Ananth: Sumanth: ANSWER: Ananth:

W -(He used to play every day);

O u -, -x -- O cousins - cousin sister, cousin brother English . N )Prasanth: She used to like me a lot she was a very good teacher.

- y Ev--? u y- h-o. late -E college hours E-NC * a - -u --N? vA - C E. -u - E. -E -u -E. u --p--- time uC _ _ 8 uC. -v --E. p C- ho. j -u - d. Hi Sumanth, why are you up so early? How is it you are up so early? How is it you got up so early? get up = How is it = be up. 'be up' natural)

Hi Sumanth,

C(she used to sing well); They used to quarrel with each other.

--E. F , J y o p-- )

shuttle college

(

(x --J- x----x)

( d--C/ G- N * teacher)Pramod: Though I was n't her student, I used to go to her for tuition.

-v-o: 1) ---V Office ---o- ----Eo

--: 1) He

- -E --C--. --C --? -D-Eo- N- -- h? 2 ) ''Phonetics'' a- - --* h -*--. . ----, --MxJ (V ) h-o. n ax, .

'He is going to office for the first time' correct

is going to office for the first time = office This is the first time he is going to office 2) Oxford, longman's Dictionaries

-v-o: -x--- -Jh -a---E - 275 -u ---- (patterns or structures) ---E --Tx- -u- --- --G-v-. - 275 -u-- -- -v-q--- --L----. .---, -N---- --: O-oC correct. - fundamentals Lh p O p u - (sentence patterns) practice -a. T vocabulary --L , slots fill -. Thanks for the suggestion.

?

( student -, _- tuition -x--E.)Prasanth: Didn't she use to say, 'understand?' at the end of her every sentence?

=

Ev-- Eo-- simple,

(vA sentence * ( teach --p, 'understand?' -C-?)Pramod: That she used to. I observed too. Most teachers, I think say that.

Sumanth: Of late I have been getting up early. I used to get up late till 3 months ago- till the college hours were changed from 8 AM to 1 PM Ananth: Why did you use to get up so late? Sumanth: I used to study till late in the night. So I used to get up/to be up late. Ananth: what used to be the time when you got up/when you were up?

( -C. E. Teachers -C ---.)Prasanth: I never used to find our Maths teacher say that. He used to say, 'Isn't it?' quite often.

Sumanth: It used to be nearly 8. How happy I was!/ How I enjoyed it! Ananth: I used to get up at 6. Now I get up at 5 itself.

-a.

( Maths teacher p N--E . p, 'Isn't it?' -.

Sumanth: What ever you may say. I like getting up late.

Spoken English

-- -u- -x ---..

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II iHimakar: Who do I see here? Dinakar? Oh what a surprise! When did you come?

-- j---1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. conversation

-- 14 -v--J 2006

Dinakar: Yesterday. The first thing I thought I would do was see you and here I am

(, ? C-? au- --C! p--a?) Eo

Himakar: Real pleasure seeing you. So how's Bangalore?

(Eo, d-- o. a)

(Eo E - C. . v p- - f Bangalore C?) n-, u- (Habitual status of being/habitDinakar: A beautiful city. I went there in the winual actions in the past) -- --E j exprester. I used to find the cold difficult to sions from 1 to 4 E --- . bear, but now I am used to it. 1. I used to find the cold difficult to bear (-i . -\- L-- L d- d E--C. x. L d-- d C. 2. I used to eat out -F p -----) A-o. Himakar: What about the food? (- ---?)Dinakar: No trouble now. I cook for myself. I used to eat out in the beginning but I could not get used to the food. I started cooking, and I am happy now.

I used to find ... I used to eat out He used to be quite active here. He used to get up quite late I am used to it. I could not get used to the food He was used to keeping awake late He will be used to it. lesson used to --

C -E-.

expressions

-x---

No. 5 to 8 . 5, 7 and 8 5. I am used to it 7. He was used to keeping awake late 8. He will be used to it 5, 7 and 8 expressions used to be forms (am, was, will be) -E-. -, used to y 'be' form F, Regular doing word F -- . Used to, y, It F, ing form F h-o . 5, 7 and 8 C. 'be' form (am/was/willbe) + it/...ing form (Expressions 1, 2, 3, 4 C. (Used to + be / Ist Regular Doing Word) Used to + be/1st RDW

future, past E-j -a. a) I am used to coffee in the morning (Coffee - noun) ( l coffee -) I am used to taking coffee in the morning l coffee B\- -. (\ am used to y, taking, ... ing form b) He is used to long walks / taking long walks in the morning c) Ram: Your boss seems to be an angry man. (O boss -d -Eph-o?) Rahim: I just don't bother. I am used to his anger.

--E--)

(, - -- -.)

112

Himakar: You know our friend Bhaskar, don't you? He works in a Call Centre there. (F \ -. -\ Call Centre E--h-o) Dinakar: How is he? He used to be quite active here

(p sC . --o. x x A--E. -F -- -----. - --d. p sD . (Eat out = Restaurants A)

v p- o nA/ J-T E. -D p--- C.

( \--. -----

She used to be beautiful3. He used to be quite active here 4. He used to get up quite late

\ _ -.Used to

'be' form + used + it/ ...ing form (expressions, 5, 7 and 8 C)

-E.)(am used to - his anger) d) Bhavan: His wife appears to be the nagging type.Sravan: He is so used to her nagging that without it he feels he misses something.

C N--E - any time past, 1) Past v p- o n-, J-T present or future -L-Himakar: He is OK. except for his odd hours of - v . Present, future h-C. duty. He has to work late night shifts. M. SURESAN p . (hC , used to + It's troubling him a bit. 2) Used to y 'be' F, Ist Regular Doing be/ 1st RDW - past (--u- --- p o. Words (used to + go / Walk) Sleep, etc) F J-N) -vA ---x -E--- ---Eo --s-C h. C last lesson --o. a) Kesav: How do you find Delhi in Summer? ---C) Sx . (N Delhi C?) Dinakar: He was used to keeping awake late at 1) -p -E 5 V -C Eswar: Quite hot. But I have been used to ( o? \ _ -)night here. He used to get up quite late here. what's the problem? We used to have school only for 5 days a week. the heat for past three years.

u -.

(-d - C u .)

(is used to -nagging)

( - -L-A od -- . - - f)

Now practise the following:Sekhar:

Himakar: But there he has to get off duty too late, after 12 mid night, and so he can get up only after 9 or 10 in the morning. This is his problem. He hopes he will be used to it in a course of time

(\ p vA - \ - -E. u Ev ?)

2) 3) 4) 5)

He used to visit me frequently

_-J h--.

-o-p d--C She never used to like him Did I ever used to trouble you?

Eo-p-j sC d ? \ --

He used to spend the whole of day being here. 6) 6)

Dinakar: Best of luck for him

(F -\ K u.vA 12 y duty Ev--, -x 9, 10 y Ev , D E u. -v- --E P-h-o)

(have been (be form) + used + to the heat (noun) (E-j a noun. E it / that / this etc. N -a) b) - night shifts (vA-- duties) - He is used to night shifts. c) v - h. --E This kind of hard work is new to him, but he will be used to the work in course of time. d) boss -- - - He is used to the insults from his boss. e) Pratap: How are you able to carry such a load? Sekhar: What a question? Weren't we (were we not) used to carrying heavier loads of books at school? ( -v-o --C? School -

( C. F -x - f. p C u ).

-- - C

He used to be very helpful to me

-

She used to be beautiful used to --o ? conversation expressions...

p j

-* B

-v-o: -C -- j- Pronunciation ---? -. -P-, --C-\ ---: 1) Bear=-; 2) Owl= -(--), 3) yacht= 4) Menace= ('\ -) 5) Cheer=*; Cheers=*.(' size z) 6) Cop= (-- v Ap, ---d) 8) Cheerful='-*- '* \ -. 9) tyrant=j- ('j \ -) 1) 10) martyr= (' \---)11) Chaos= (' \ -) 12) Career=J ('J\ -)Bear, Owl, yacht, Menace, Cheer (v), Cheers (n), Cop, Cheerful (adj), tyrant, martyr, Chaos, Career .

( -_o?)

o -o h- --- ?) d be used to - , h --. be used to y noun form (this food, the heat, the insults etc) F, '... ing' form F hC. be used to -s-Eo- d, present,

y *o-p J--h--N ? p- -----o? Pramod: office join ---y C . *o *o - bike O x ---i--- x, T_C. Sekhar: p slim N . Pramod: N-i @N-E---- x weight J-TC. E. Sekhar: Bike urgent E - . Pramod: ---E . F v-Ao- L. -C, V h --. , y Delhi -o ?\ A F ? Sekhar: u . ----f. b) Dushyant: Hi Bharat, K Sundays busy -o? Bharat: --? Busy life ---f. p E--- . Dishyant: promotion h BJ C ? p h? Bharat: p E - -. j p Eo V u. y E ---. Dushyant: . Correct o t, o . p . business W 8 -- \ E--h.

Spoken English

-- -u- -x ---..

URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iIIBalaram: Hi Damodar, how's your new bike? bike Damodar: I have used it for just a few days. I feel it is heavy for a man my size. So I find it a bit difficult to handle it. ( Size handle

-- j---(F h C?)1) I will get used to 2) You will get used to handling it 3) He has got used to holding its weight 4) I got used to it Lessons be used to be used to be used to noun '...ing' form 1) She is used to the rudeness of her mother-inlaw.

- 16 -v--J 2006

Cl--V-- -o C EpEo. u hC. -E Eo h d C)

-- - . y p E, F, F h-E.b) Having been poor till now, he is yet to be used/ yet to get used to/ yet to become used to, the comforts of rich life Sneha: Moreover the language here is different, so he may take (some) time to get used to it. Maithri: Where English is known/ Where people know English, he hasn't any problem. He is used to communicating in English. The problem is with the local language. Sneha: At the most he may take a month to get used to the circumstances/ situation here. That's all.

Balaram: Could it be a wrong choice? selection)

(F (- jC -?)

2) They are used to working for low wages.

h-J ----E - -C. (\ rudeness, noun) \ @- E-- x---. ( hO . x- h --Lq-O )

-x---

113

-- H-- --x, E @N -- - ---/ N -E h/ ---E N s-C o.

I got used to itDamodar: (I) Can't say anything now. I think I will get used to it as days pass. Balaram: I think so too.

----- --u- ----:

(p p-. V Dl -------o) ( --o)

3) This street boy is used to the cold of the winter.

Damodar: Once it begins to move I feel very comfortable riding it. Only when I have to stand it do I feel the weight

(- -j C. Eo Stand Lq *a-p --E--hC).But I enjoy the ride.

OC-- Q-- L------f-. \-J, noun , is hC. M. SURESAN j conversation get used to , -- be used to n, -- . 'be used to' -s-Eo-d j tense form get used to a:a)

O be used to, got used to, became used to n, --. Sx v-... 1) be (get/ become) used to y noun F, ...ing form F h. Ist RDW . n ---, h----, sC ---. 2) be (get/ become) used to tense j -a, , u J -Eo-d.PRACTISE THE FOLLOWING IN ENGLISH: Sneha: Hi Maithri:

Balaram: Don't worry. You will get used to handling it. Look at Arjun. He is Shorter than you and his bike heavier than yours. I See him handling it with ease. He has got used to holding its weight.

( EO --K - C)

b)

Damodar: Yes That was my Experience of my cycle too, when I had my First Cycle, I Was just 7 or 8 years old and the cycle felt heavy , but I got used to it. Cycle Cycle

( --. y y- E - -. b- F d, bike F E . E Eo handle h. - f)

c) I think he hasn't yet got used to working for long hours here unlike in his previous job

ivB, C \ h @N? h E---. --j-C. d F friends --x Sneha: J O A? In the beginning I could not adjust to the Maithri: - h -u C. -C hostel food, but I got used to it as time went marketing job ? \ market Bon/but I am now used to it -o-- - ---. \ hostel food C , F V market - Jh h. --Cl --j--C; E Sneha: ? h time d-a - --E. ----f. Maithri: Tx L- x --O y-. How long did it take for you to get used to - Tx- - -. the climate of Kashmir? nE - u. Qt ----E ------E- time Sneha: d--a. dC F? y -j C. \ \-- E----E --------, ----o job .ANSWER: Sneha: How is the new life here, Maithri? Maithri: I don't find it new/ different any more; especially with friends like you around. Sneha: What about your husband/ hubby? Maithri: He finds it a little problem/ He has some trouble. Hence a marketing job, isn't it? He hasn't yet got used to/ He has yet to get used to the trends of the market here. The market here is entirely/ completely/ totally new to him.

Balaram: I ride a bike well, but I have yet to get used to the traffic of Hyderabad. I think it will be a few more weeks before I can drive comfortably in such traffic. Traffic drive

( - . J op, x E-N-x p Cycle --E-C. F - f E -.

d) People in government jobs find it difficult to get used to working in private organisations. private

OK. I must be going. Bye (Oh, Bye) Damodar: Bye Conversations Get used to expressions Lessons be used to

( j-- - -. Eo --E drive ----) E xL

b) How long did it take for you to get used to...? = How long did take for you to be used to....? c) I think he hasn't yet got used to working = I think he hasn't been used to working d) People in government jobs find it difficult to get used to working- People in government jobs find it difficult to be used to working in...

vy u--x E- x nx E-E d C. j (b), (c), (d) x `be used to' -a.

a) Sekhar: You used to be good at running/used to run well/used to be a good runner when you were young. Why aren't you able to walk even a short distance? Pramod: After I joined this office, I got a vehicle. I am used to going on the bike even for short distances. So I walk less now. Sekhar: You used to be very slim. Pramod: True. Because I am used to this kind of life and my weight has increased too/ has gone up too/ I have put on weight. Sekhar: Stop using the bike. Walk for things not urgent. Pramod: I don't feel like. But I must try. That's nothing, of course. If I walk for 2 or 3 days, I will be used to walking you are in Delhi now. Are you used to the food there? Sekhar: No problem. I am used to it. / I have got used to it. b) Dushyant: Hi Bharat, you are busy on Sundays too/ even on Sundays, what's the matter? Bharat: What can I do. I am used to this busy life. I feel bad/ out of sorts if I don't have enough work. Dushyant: If you get promotion, you will have a lot of leisure. What will you do then? Bharat: I will be used to it then change a problem for only a few days. After that we are used to it. Dushyant: Yes, that's right. My parents brought up my brother in all comfort. But look now. In his business, he now works for more than eight hours.

become be used to, get used to used to a) I've got used/ I've become used to/ I've been used to this kind of treatment from the Boss Boss (treatment=

x

a.

o -E-. -- -C-* N- --o. -- Get used to -E-:

Eo ju, n. \- n -Jo , -N-, -- , y , \----- N: N boss o (treat ) hO .

Spoken English

-- -u- -x ---..

-v-o: 1. Leave letter h-o-p, (Head mas- -v-o: Am, is, are + V3 = -- ter address h --- () - --s-Teachers) Kindly