the matter of facts!. matter anything that has mass and takes up space. everything around us is...
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The Matter of Facts!
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Matter Anything that has mass and takes up
space.Everything around us is matter!
So what’s the matter?It’s a matter of fact(s)!
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Identifying Matter
What’s the matter?
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Physical Properties of MatterPhysical properties are characteristics of a substance that can be
observed or measured without changing the substance into something else.
• Color• Hardness• Taste• Length• Width• Height• Weight• Mass• Volume• Density• Ability to conduct heat, electricity, or sound• Ability to become a magnet
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Mass – The amount of matter in an object.Scientists use a balance scale to measure mass.
The object’s unknown mass is compared to a known mass.
Mass is recorded in grams or kilograms
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Weight – A measure of the pull of gravity on an object.
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What are some of the physical properties of these boxes?
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Can you find ways to tell these apples apart?
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VolumeVolume – The amount of space an object takes up.
Volume = length X width X height
V = l x w x hexpressed in cubic units
Simple enough when it is a box, but what if the solid is irregular?
What if you wanted to know the volume of an apple?
What then?
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Volume can be found by measuring
Displacement
Measurement of the amount of liquid that
a solid displaces.
1cu3=1ml
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You can use a graduated cylinder such as one of these!How you ask?
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When using a graduated cylinder to measure, you mustbe careful to measure the bottom of the level of liquid. This
curved look of the liquid is known as the meniscus.
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Density Concentration
of Matter in an object
Density equals mass divided by volume
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States of Matter
No, not those states, these states…..
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3 States or Phases of Matter
Solid:• Has a definite shape• Has a definite volume• Molecules are very close together
Liquid:• Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container)• Has a definite volume• Molecules are a little further apart and vibrate a bit quickly
Gas:• Does not have a definite shape (will take the shape of a container)• Does not have a definite volume • Molecules are very far apart and vibrate very quickly!
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The changing of the states or phases of matter
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Changes in state are physical. They do not change the substance.
Changes in state are reversible!
•Freezing - liquid to solid
•Melting - solid to liquid
•Boiling - liquid to gas
•Condensation - gas to liquid
•Sublimation - solid to gas
•Evaporation - when particles escape from a nonboiling liquid and become a gas
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Melting and Boiling PointsMelting Point & Freezing Point
are the same!
Boiling PointTemperature at which a substance changes
from a liquid to a gas.Water boils at 100C or 212F
Water freezes at 0C or 32F
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Conversion of Fahrenheit and Celsius Temperatures
Formula
°C x 9/5 + 32 = °F
(°F - 32) x 5/9 = °C
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Solution - Type of mixture in which particles of 2 or more substances are mixed and not easily separated.
MixturesCombination of 2 or more
different kinds of matter thatkeep their own physical
properties and can be easily separated.
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Solubility - the ability to be dissolved.Solutions are not easily separated
Sugar is soluble in water.Pepper is not!
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Suspension - a mixture of liquids with particles of a solid which may not dissolve in the liquid.The solid may be separated from the liquid by leaving it to stand, or by filtration
Examples: sand in wateroil in water
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Chemical Properties of MatterChanges in which one or more new substances
are formed are called chemical changes or reactions.
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Marshmallow melting is physical change.
Marshmallow burning is a chemical change
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These are examples of chemical change or reactivity because light
or heat or both
are produced.
Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride (Salt)
Burning Candle
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Reactivity - The ability of a substance to react chemically
Clues that identify reactivity or chemical change:
•Change in color•Production of light•Production of heat•Production of a gas
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Baking soda + vinegar = gasCarbon dioxide is produced
ReactivityExample!
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Burning Candle - heat and light are produced
ReactivityExample!
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Iron rusting is an example of chemical reaction or changeA change in color occursIron conducts electricity Rust does not conduct electricityDifferent densitiesDifferent melting points
Chemical Reaction
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CombustibilityChemical property of being able to burn.
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Flame Test Used to identify
substances based
on the color of the flame they
producewhen burned.
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Law of Conservation of MatterMatter is neither created nor destroyed during a
physical or chemical change. The amount of matter is always the same.
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The END for now….more madness to come later!