www.vlaanderen.be/informatievlaanderen

Unlocking the full potential of location-based services: Linked Data driven Web APIs

Open Standards for Linked Organisations about

Raf Buyle – Ziggy Vanlishout

Informatie Vlaanderen

308 municipalities

2068 private

partners

6.4 M citizens

978 public

partners

Federal & 3

regions

EU

At the crossroads

E-government driven by Semantical and Technical interoperability

Open Standards for Linked Organisations

@rafke

Building upon existing interoperability initiatives

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OSLOPERSON

VOCABULARY

OSLOBUSINESS

VOCABULARY

OSLOROAD

VOCABULARY

OSLOORGANISATIONVOCABULARY

OSLODCAT-AP VL

VOCABULARY

W3CInternationalStandards

EU ISA COREVocabulariesand INSPIRE

Local OSLOExtensions

Public Working Groupswith:

> EU - ISA²

> Federal Government

> Regional Government

> Local Government

> Industry

> Academia

… and more

https://data.vlaanderen.be/ns/

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> Person

> Organisation

> Address

> Building

> Road

> Public Service

> Transactional Services

> Civic issue tracking

> Notification

> Consent (GDPR)

> Contact preferences

> Government Grants

> Public Domain

> Local Decisions

> Political Mandate

> Governance Body empowered by Parliament

> A process and method for developing data standards (ISA²/W3C…)

> Triple Helix approach: Government, Private Sector, Academia

Governance model

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Governance

1 16 130 1000+

Domain models

Contributors Definitions

Collaborative development

Public review of a candidate standard

Build reference implementations

Acknowledge + publishas standard

Technical Interoperability

The Semantic Web as an interoperability facilitator

@rafke

Bridging the gap between models and implementationTwo distinct use cases

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Base registries

• Unique identification of objects

• Exposed via data standards

Business oriented web services

• Querying, editing and transforming data

• From different sources

• To meet business use cases

1. Embed semantics into data formats

2. Validation of data resources based on semantic models

3. Building a generic hypermedia client

How can we lower costs for data and service integration?

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The Web as a Blueprint

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The Web as a Blueprint

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http://bit.ly/joinup_uri

Persistent identifiers: URIs

Links to other information

Dereference-able HTTP URIs

Standardised information (RDF)

http://data.vlaanderen.be/id/adres/3706808

Koningin Maria Hendrikaplein 70, 9000 Gent

The Web as a Blueprint

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Persistent identifiers: URIs

Links to other information

Dereference-able HTTP URIs

Standardised information (RDF)

http://data.vlaanderen.be/id/adres/3706808

Machine friendlyHuman

Readable

The Web as a Blueprint

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Persistent identifiers: URIs

Links to other information

Dereference-able HTTP URIs

Standardised information (RDF)

https://data.vlaanderen.be/ns/adres

https://www.w3.org/ns/locn#adminUnitL2

The Web as a Blueprint

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Persistent identifiers: URIs

Links to other information

Dereference-able HTTP URIs

Standardised information (RDF)

http://data.vlaanderen.be/id/adres/3706808

data.vlaanderen.be/id/organisatie/OVO002949

Koningin Maria Hendrikaplein 709000 Gent

Agentschap Informatie Vlaanderen

There is more to publishing linked data than data dumps and SPARQL endpoints

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Source: http://linkeddatafragments.org

high server efforthigh client effort

JSON Linked Data (JSON-LD)

✓ A developer friendly Linked Data format, based on the successful JSON format

✓ Machine interpretable semantics through “context file”

✓ 100% compatible with JSON and easy to retrofit

× No formal, standardised method for data validation

× Semantics about data are machine readable, service methods and operations are not

Syntactical interoperability and embedding semantics into services.

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Upgrading existing web servicesRetrofitting semantics using JSON-LD

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{

"@context": {

"Picnictable": "http://data.vlaanderen.be/ns/openbaardomein/infrastructuurelement#Picknicktafel",

"identificator": "http://www.w3.org/ns/adms#identifier",

"geometrie": {

"@id": "http://www.w3.org/ns/locn#geometry",

"@type": "http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#wktLiteral>"

},

"Point": "http://www.opengis.net/ont/sf#Point",

"coordinates": "http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#asWKT"

},

"@id": "https://example.org/graphs/picknicktable-1234",

"@type" : "Picnictable",

"geometrie" : {"type":"Point","coordinates":"POINT(3.712,51.0248)"},

}

Shared context for new servicesAutomatically derived from RDF vocabularies

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{

"@context": "http://data.vlaanderen.be/context/infrastructuur.jsonld"

"@id": "https://example.org/graphs/picknicktable-1234",

"@type" : "Picnictable",

"geometrie" : {"type":"Point","coordinates":"POINT(3.712,51.0248)"},

}

✓ Shapes Constraint Language

✓ W3C Recommendation since 20 July 2017

✓ A standard for validating RDF data against a set of constraints

(cardinalities, domain, range, code lists,…)

✓ SHACL files available for all Vocabularies & Application Profiles

Data validation using SHACL

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> As-is: data is semantically annotated using web standards, but the operations and methods for using the data through APIs are not

> Problem: still high integration costs due to the need for bespoke connectors between API’s to exchange information in real time.

> To-be: standardisation of frequently used methods (pagination, querying, CRUD,…) using Hypermedia and API standards/best practices.

Towards generic Hypermedia-driven API clients

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Generic hypermedia clients

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Wrap-up: end-to-end process

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And reusable tooling

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OSLO² UML modelling using Smart Tags containing labels, definitions and pointers to re-used vocabularies (URIs).

Model

UML is transformed to RDF (Turtle) using an EA-to-RDF tool (OSS)Transform

Generation of HTML spec (vocabulary and application profile), JSON-LD context and SHACL using the OSLO Specification Generator

Specs

Validation using Ontology Pitfall Scanner, Turtle syntax validator and JSON-LD validator. Published on Github and data.vlaanderen.be

Publish

www.vlaanderen.be/informatievlaanderen

Come to

TrefdagDigitaalVlaanderen

29/11/2018 ICC Ghent