MSA BA2 Technologies 2 Case study | 2011-2012Naturum Vattenriket, Kristianstad, Sweden, White Arkitekter

Group 4A

Rachel BowAdam BrennanChaiYun ChungIulia CiomuBrett DobsonRobert GilbertSorina Siddal

2Content

3 Overview4 Introduction/ Approach 11 Materials - [bibliography and references]16 Environmental Performance - [bibliography and references]23 Construction28 Structure & Envelope

Special thanks to Fredrik Pettersson of White Arkitekter for sending, and

allowing us to use, their drawings of the Naturum, Kristianstad.

3Aerial image of Naturum Vattenriket patrik olofsson

Below: Western boardwalk leading to the centre, image ke e:son lindman

Bottom: Exterior render, White Arkitekter

http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv07.jpg

http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv02.jpg

http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/pressinfo/pressbilder_naturum/exterior1_white_high.jpg

_Locale

Kristianstads Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve, established in 2005, includes the greater part of the Municipality of Kristianstad, from the forests to Hanbukten Bay with the rich wetlands of the River Helge and the town of Kristianstad at its heart.

Area: 104,375 ha. (Land and lakes, 90,515 ha; marine area, 13,860 ha.)

Population: approx. 71,000, incl. 30,000 in the Kristianstad urban region.

Source: http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/eng/summary.phpKristianstad

Map: Google Map: Google

Overview

4Introduction

Project Details:

_Scheme Naturum Vattenriket_Location Kristianstad, Sweden_Architects White Arkitekter AB Expertise: architecture, landscape, sustainability, exhibition Project Architects: Fredrik Pettersson, Niels de Bruin_Consulting Engineers White Arkitekter AB (in-house)_Client Kristianstad Kommun (Municipality of Kristianstad) _Size 1050m2_Contractors NCC Construktions_Cost SEK 96m | EUR10.9m

Source: http://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/project.cfm?id=3383

_Abstract

In the midst of the hard-to-reach wetlands of the River Helge, yet on the doorstep of the city, lies Naturum Vattenriket. Just a few hundred metres from Kristianstad, the distinctive outline of the visitor centre forms an unmistakable landmark. Vattenriket (roughly translates as ) is a cultural landscape and, being so close to an urban area, it underlines the connection between people and nature [1].

_Concept

The idea behind Naturum Vattenriket is for visitors to roam from city to wetland area, but also to explore the landscape from a variety of vertical perspectives [2]. The water level of the River Helge varies dramatically and the bottom floor of the visitor centre is four metres above ground to ensure there is no risk of flooding. From this height, visitors can enjoy an excellent view of the waterfowl in and around the lake, while the recessed reception area brings them closer to the native plants, water and small creatures. The third perspective can be enjoyed from the upper floor of the building where the restaurant and roof garden are situated. Here you can gaze out across the osier beds and experience the low-lying landscape from above.

The view of the lake reaches right into the heart of the building, as though you could stretch out and touch it. The fan-shaped exhibition room opens onto a vista of the lake as soon as you walk into the building. Composed of different elements, including pillars, glazed panels and solar shad-ing, the south facade filters the soft light and gives the feeling of being sheltered by the surround-ing plant life [3].

_Location/ Context

Naturum is situated in a recently-designated biosphere wetlands reserve. The lakeland area is ded-icated to wildfowl and, for this reason, the building has been designed to act as a screen between visitor reception and the lakeside [4].

_Access

Boardwalks lead visitors out into the wetlands. The western walk develops into the building, whose fluid contours reach for the sky, as if echoing the vegetation growing in the landscape - the grasses, bushes and reeds. The eastern walk is lower and horizontal with the ground, creating a protected, recessed area like a birds nest or hideaway [5]. During the competition phase, the concept of the hollow in the ground surrounded by vegetation gave rise to the term hideaway in the reeds.

_Materiality

While the design of the building and boardwalks has its origin in a concept, the materials used are tangible, rational and natural. The predominant material throughout is wood. The pine facades of the building have been heat-treated while the boardwalk surfaces have been Linax-impregnated. The interior is shaped by the Kerto frame construction of the building with smooth, coloured ce-ment-bonded particle board and joinery in pale pine.

Source: http://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/project.cfm?id=3383 | Re-worded and arranged by R.Gilbert 10.02.2012

Building function and general approach to solution:

http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv14.jpg

http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv10.jpg

Naturum Vattenriket Axonometric

Naturum Vattenriket Site Plan

Municipality of Kristianstad

Wetlands of River Helge

5VARIETY OF VERTICAL LEVELS FROM WHICH TO ENJOY NATURE

ACTS AS A SCREEN, SHELTERED FROM AND CONNECTED TO THE LANDSCAPE

ENCOURAGES URBAN INHABITANTS TO EXPLORE THE NATURAL HABITAT ON THEIR DOORSTEP

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4enclosed reception is a microcosm of the wetland area, allowing visitors to be close to native birds and plants

SOUTH/ EAST FACADE (RESTAURANT AND EXHIBITION AREA) PROVIDES OUTDOOR RECEPTION AREA WITH SHELTER FROM SOUTH EAST PREVAILING WIND AND VIEW OF THE LAKE

APPROACHING FROM CITY: TALLER BOARDWALK RISING TO BUILDING LEVEL 4M ABOVE WATER [IN CASE OF FLOOD]

TOWARD WETLANDS: LOWER BOARDWALK PUTS VISITORS IN THE REEDS TO OBSERVE WILDLIFE DISCRETELY

6External condition

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1 view from reserve showing piles Hkan Dahlstrm, 2011 | http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5558972203/sizes/l/in/photostream/2 winter view enclosed exterior area White Arkitekter | http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_4.jpg 3 approach from city, evening ke e:son lindman | http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv01.jpg4 front facade from the reeds vattenrikethus blog 2010 | http://vattenriketshus.files.wordpress.com/2010/07/3_blogg-img_1943.jpg5 western boardwalk view to city Hkan Dahlstrm, 2011 | http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5559494758/sizes/l/in/photostream/6 north facade from river, winter White Arkitekter | http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_7.jpg7 south facade from river Anders Bengtsson, 2011 | http://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6041940767/sizes/l/in/photostream/8 north elevation detail - piles, PV panels solarregion.se | http://www.solarregion.se/images/skane_solar_award/2011/naturum_max.jpg9 detail beneath cantilever White Arkitekter | detail http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_1.jpg10 facade and walkway details ke e:son lindman | http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv03.jpg11 west facade & railing detail Hkan Dahlstrm, 2011 | http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5558905815/sizes/l/in/photostream/12 winter roof terrace view Biosfromrde Kristianstads Vattenrike | http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/eng/naturum_photogallery.php13 along walkway to city Hkan Dahlstrm, 2011 | http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5559485816/sizes/l/in/photostream/14 upper and lower walkways from roof Hkan Dahlstrm, 2011 | http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5559498992/sizes/l/in/photostream/15 inside of east facade exterior detail White Arkitekter | http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_5.jpg16 lower deck level enclosure detail Anders Bengtsson, 2011 | http://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6042464120/sizes/l/in/photostream/17 exterior stair and railing detail Anders Bengtsson, 2011 | http://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6042459432/sizes/l/in/photostream/18 outdoor cafe area, terrace | http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3509/5736085615_9a16e790f0.jpg19 picnic tables, roof terrace Hkan Dahlstrm, 2011 | http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5558910947/sizes/l/in/photostream/20 exterior enclosure, winter Peter klundh | http://www.kristianstadsbladet.se/archive/00876/invigning704_876438a.jpg

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Positions of photographers around Naturum Vattenriket relative to images

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8Ground Floor PlanNaturum Vattenriket

Internal condition

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All images Biosfromrde Kristianstads Vattenrikehttp://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/eng/

naturum_photogallery.php

1 display stands2 wading bird silhoutes, interior window detail3 natural daylighting, exhibition displays, structural detaing4 recreational seating area5 artificial lighting strategy, flooring, shape of interior6 expression of structure in ceiling, display stands, daylight penetration7 internal structural condition, glulam supports, interior facade details, flooring

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First Floor PlanNaturum Vattenriket

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1 permeable PV ceiling Hkan Dahlstrm http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5559501630/sizes/l/in/photostream/2 restaurant space Biosfromrde Kristianstads Vattenrike http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/eng/ naturum_photogallery.php3 stairs to first floor ke e:son lindman http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv05.jpg

4 winter interior caf detail White Arkitekter AB http://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_6.jpg

5 restaurant ke e:son lindman http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv04.jpg

6 interior caf lighting and ceiling, Hkan Dahlstrm http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5558964833/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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Environmental control, construction technology and structure:

Environmental Response Structural & Construction Strategy

The general approach to construction is to have the least possible impact on the surrounding ecology. A modu-lar composite-timber and steel frame system is used as primary structure for speed of erection in the difficult environment. Temporary and low im-pact construction rigs are erected as service platforms from which the main structure is erected. They allows each phase of the building and boardwalks to be preserved and tolerances to be monitored as the scheme is gradually realised. Any physical impact of the rigs is designed to be reversed once they are removed.

BUILDING SERVICES CARRIED BE-NEATH BOARDWALKS, ENCASED IN STEEL PIPEWORK FOR PROTECTION FROM ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

CONCRETE AND STEEL ARE USED ONLY WHEN STRICTLY NECESSARY FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES. AS FAR AS POSSIBLE PRIMARY ELE-MENTS, CLADDING AND LININGS ARE TREATED TIMBER

ENVELOPE IS RAISED ON PILES 4 METRES ABOVE NORMAL WATER LEVEL TO ADDRESS SEASONAL CHANGE IN RIVER HEIGHT

4m

SLOPING ROOVES ALLOW RAIN AND SNOW TO DRAIN AWAY. PERMEABLE PV PAN-ELS CAPTURE SOLAR ENER-GY BUT ALLOW SOME LIGHT THROUGH AND PROVIDE SHELTER

MAIN FACADE ORIENTATED SOUTH TO CAPTURE DI-RECT SOLAR HEAT GAIN AND LAKE VISTA

CONCRETE BASE PLATE SUSPEND-ED ON 20m REINFORCED CON-CRETE PILES MINIMISES CONCEN-TRATED LOAD ON SOFT GROUND

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Materials

FINNFOREST KERTO. In Finland, pine planks sawn up, processed and glued together to produce kertobalkar. These are sent to Treboda (Sweden) where they are processed into build-ing elements

_dimensionally stable_accurate, engineered natural product _high strength/ low weight_ceiling beams each weigh 2000k_holes for routing of sevices_locally sourced/ renewable_environmentally efficient_long lasting/ hard-wearing_aesthetically warm and appropriate

STEEL REINFORCED CONCRETE bottom plate (151m3/ 362 tons) sup-ported by steel-reinforced concrete piles

_structurally efficient_good thermal mass for solar absorption _level and stable, given ground conditions_incorporates fixing details for other structural elements_resistant to decay from vegetation beneath/ fire retardant_versatile/ precise/ reliable/ practical

STRUCTURAL STEEL BEAMS & PURLINS are required to bear the load of cantilevered parts of the building, such as the restaurant, and brace the taller facade elements They are also used for torsional bracing and linking of the timber composite elements.

_dimensionally stable _reliable_inexpensive_quick to assemble_adaptable in case of uncertain circumstances_readily enable complex joints_compatible with other material elements_precise _resistant to flexural and torsional stress_long lasting

Strategic design approach to materials

The architects use the motto Together Towards Tomorrow. The most important matter for them is the planets survival. Environmental issues are integrated into architectural assignments from day one, ensuring that solutions reduce energy con-sumption and other environmental loads.

The building forms part of the Environmental Pro-tection Agencys initiative to provide a network of well-designed visitor centres for Swedens nature reserves. The design follows EPA guidelines and retains the Kristianstad tradition of using timber. Continuity is observed between the project and the citys attitude to materials and environmental performance, for example being connected to the community hot water system.

The approach to materiality in general has been to use, as far as possible, timber or timber prod-ucts, stocks of which can be naturally replenished. Where concrete and steel are used, it is only for the integrity of the structure, to aid speed of con-struction as a means of reducing prolonged impact on the ecology, or as a passive energy strategy such as solar thermal gain. A key aspect of the sustainability research was load-bearing and un-derwater piling materials with regarding impact on aquatic life beneath the surface. The lake is reflected in the facade communicating a sense of being in the protection of the rushes and scouting out the bird life. Outdoor spaces and a long panoramic window provide expansive views of the reed beds. It is clad with vertical slats on the south side adding to the buildings drama and en-hancing the atrium-like entrance space in a design language that will associate to the surrounding reeds.

The predominant material throughout is wood which is locally sourced, no further afield than Fin-land (200 miles away). The pine facades are heat-treated and the boardwalk surfaces are linax-im-pregnated for longevity and to prevent substances leaching into the water. The interior is defined by the primary structural Kerto frame and lined with smooth, coloured cement-bonded particle board and pale pine.

Primary Structural Elements

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CONCRETE FILLED STEEL PILES. The lowermost part of the steel pile is specially shaped to be able to bed down into the solid ground under the mud and silt layer.

_self-weight provides maximum stability at the point where river flow is fastest_makes secure contact with solid ground_treated steel casing protects concrete and rebar from corrosion by water, ice flows and vegetation_transported in sections_assembled on site by welding and mechanical pile- driver _very long lasting, unlikely ever to be replaced

GLULAM BEAMS are used as load-bearing elelments on some of the facade walls.

_maintains aesthetic character of the exposed structural elements_very good in compression and tension_replaces steel alternatives in this application_renewable source_more simply modified for services than steel equivalent

BITUS LINAX, an impregnated Nordic Pine is used for the walkable surface of the foot/ cycle bridge.

_Swedish preserved Redwood timber _preserved using Bitus Scandex Green_fixed using linseed oil treatment _pigmented linseed oil treatment_durable non-deforming timber_used exclusively in outdoor environments_maintenance-free 5-7 years _fades over time from normal weathering. info: http://www.covers.biz/pdfs/brochures/CLADDING%20BROCHURE.pdf

STEEL I-BEAM SUPPORT TRACK resists the river current and carries services be-neath the walkway.

[ _refer to point 3 for info]

Boardwalk Structural Elelments

4 5 6 7TIMBER PILES used to carry the footbridge over areas where solid ground is not so deep beneath the surface and the water is not flowing rapidly. Additionally, they provide skin friction between the concrete piles of the building foundations and the soft mud below the water level.

_easily manipulated by mechanical pile-driver_relative low weight (compared to steel)_renewable_natural_cheap, plentiful_locally available_non-toxic_aesthetically appropriate_dimensionally appropriate to task_low embodied energy

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NORDIC PINE PLANKS act as a sunscreen for the exhibition space and auditorium and interact aesthetically with the landscape, reducing reflected glare.

_principally help to integrate the building into the land scape_locally sourced_low embodied energy_renewable_increase shading of the exhibition space_restrict direct sunlight into the building_contribute to passive cooling_reflects the Kerto structural frame as an aesthetic continuation

LOW E DOUBLE GLAZED CURTAIN WALL. Given the nature of this construction and the pas-sive measures already taken towards solar shad-ing, windows are likely to be double glazed with low emissivity windows without harmful gases in them, giving disposal a lower impact factor after useful life.

_glazing prevents overheating by reflecting some sunlight _efficient air tightness keeps building warmer in winter and cooler in summer_non-toxic frame materials do not threaten ecology_transparent open facade gives spectacular views across lake and reserve_light construction due to non-structural capacity_comparatively low embodied energy

FINNFOREST THERMOWOOD. The facade is covered with heat-treated redwood which will turn grey with time and improve with age.

_heat treated European Redwood to in excess of 200 Celsius._chemical and structural alterations improve basic characteristics_durable and stable_ideal in exposed areas such as external timber claddings and rain screens_service life of up to 30 years_no need for chemical preservative_less able to absorb or lose moisture_limits potential for swelling, shrinking or distortion_no resin leakage or bleed through the surface coatings

info: http://www.covers.biz/pdfs/brochures/CLADDING%20BROCHURE.pdf

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Exterior Finishing Elements

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Building Assembly

Foundation Piles & Base Plate

Concrete and rebar filled steel piles

Kerto columns connect directly to locating feet fastened to the floor

Glulam beams fit onto the kerto frame by utilising slots to locate to them

Using the dimensions of the kerto boards, elements are made to slot inside one anoth-er to form a strong bond

Multiple-member joints are formed using steel connecting beams which give the frame lateral stiffness

Concrete piles and timber friction piles

Kerto Frame

The building is constructed on a concrete pad, supported by 20m x 400mm steel-reinforced concrete piles which are in contact with the firm chalk beneath layers of mud and silt. In between the concrete piles are timber piles which aren't in direct contact with the building but create skin friction between the mud and concrete and ensure continued structural stablility.

Steel locating feet are bolted into the concrete floor in readiness to accept the kerto columns. Each vertical column is 500mm x 300mm and is composed of 4 plies of 75mm kertoboard. They varies in length depending placement in the frame system, particularly on the first floor. The columns support 750mm x 150mm glulam beams which lock with the columns by slot-ting and bolting at the ends. Simple, but intricate, joints are made from C-section steel members which strap onto the glulam beams and sandwich diagonal steel braces which provide tension, keeping the structure stiff.

Concrete poured into formwork to tie with rebar in steel piles

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Bibliography

Journals:Lowenestein, O., 2011, White light white heat, EchoTech, 27 November, p11-15, Ecotech

Video:youtube video 18.02.2012Naturum-Vattenriket Kristianstad http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irUVOgyORQQ

Web:http://www.e-architect.co.uk/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_kristianstad.htm

http://www.worldbuildingsdirectory.com/project.cfm?id=3383

http://www.designboom.com/weblog/cat/9/view/17844/white-arkitekter-visitor-centre-vat-tenriket.html

http://www.nordregio.se/en/Metameny/About-Nordregio/Journal-of-Nordregio/2008/Jour-nal-of-Nordregio-no-1-1008/Water-pressure-on-Kristianstad/ (flooding reference)

http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/naturum/bygget.php - detail description of concept, materiality, etc

http://www.puuinfo.ee/pdf/konv_PuitHomseElukeskVoti10/FredrikPettersson.pdf fred pe-tersson exploration into wood architecture

Kerto:http://www.finnforest.co.uk/woodworking/productandservicerange/Pages/Kerto.aspximage -http://www.finnforest.co.uk/SiteCollectionImages/Woodworking/3.Product%20and%20service%20range/Product%20and%20service%20range_content/Kerto.jpg

Thermowoodhttp://www.covers.biz/pdfs/brochures/CLADDING%20BROCHURE.pdf

Solar Gainhttp://www.extension.org/mediawiki/files/d/df/EXtensiondg.jpg

model http://www.kristianstadsbladet.se/archive/00563/KB200710711080087AR_563348a.jpg

aerial boardwalkshttp://vattenriket.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/bladet-mini.jpg?w=450

IMAGESDesign boom:

Aerial image patrik olofssonhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv07.jpgaxo White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv14.jpgWestern Boardwalk image ke e:son lindmanhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv02.jpgcaf image ke e:son lindmanhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv04.jpggeneral approach image ke e:son lindmanhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv01.jpgUpper and Lower bridges image ke e:son lindmanhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv03.jpgStairs to observation level image ke e:son lindmanhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv05.jpgview from the river image ke e:son lindmanhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv06.jpgground floor plan White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv11.jpgfirst floor plan White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv12.jpgsection White Arkitekter AB

http://www.designboom.com/weblog/images/images_2/lauren/vattenriket/nv13.jpg

e-architect

winter outside beneath cantilever White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_1.jpgwinter upper floor balcony overlooking lake White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_2.jpgwinter western approach from boardwalk White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_3.jpgwinter enclosed exterior area White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_4.jpgwinter first floor interior faade detail White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_5.jpgwinter interior caf detail White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_6.jpgwinter view from river White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_7.jpgwinter evening view along boardwalk to centre White Arkitekter ABhttp://www.e-architect.co.uk/images/jpgs/sweden/naturum_vattenriket_w210911_8.jpg

Biosphere Gallery images(Biosfromrde Kristianstads Vattenrike)http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/eng/naturum_photogallery.php

kristianstad.se

render white arkitekter 26.02.2010 http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/naturum/bilder/Bildgalleri/naturum_1_white.jpgWinter, gathering around enclosed pool Photo: Peter klundhhttp://www.kristianstadsbladet.se/archive/00876/invigning704_876438a.jpg

anders bengtsson:

view from river Anders Bengtsson _ flickrhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6042490176/sizes/l/in/photostream/view from rear, summer Anders Bengtsson _ flickrhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6041940767/sizes/l/in/photostream/front exterior faade Anders Bengtsson _ flickrhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6041935877/sizes/l/in/photostream/boardwalk looking up to roof Anders Bengtsson _ flickrhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6042475508/sizes/l/in/photostream/side elevation from enclosed area Anders Bengtsson _ flickrhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6042471208/sizes/l/in/photostream/deck level looking into enclosed area - anders bengtsson, flickr2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6042464120/sizes/l/in/photostream/exterior stair details, deck level change - anders bengtsson, flickr2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/barracuda666/6042459432/sizes/l/in/photostream/Hkan Dahlstrm PhotographyPermeable PV panels, Hkan Dahlstrom flickr 2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5559501630/sizes/l/in/photostream/Walkways from roof, Hkan Dahlstrom flickr 2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5559498992/sizes/l/in/photostream/walkway towards city - Hkan Dahlstrom flickr 2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5559494758/sizes/l/in/photostream/roof terrace with tables Hkan Dahlstrom flickr 2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5558910947/sizes/l/in/photostream/View along walkway to town, Hkan Dahlstrom flickr 2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5559485816/sizes/l/in/photostream/east elevation, approach from reserve Hkan Dahlstrom flickr 2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5558905815/sizes/l/in/photostream/interior view of display area, first floor Hkan Dahlstrom flickr 2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5558927273/sizes/l/in/photostream/across water from reserve side showing piles Hkan Dahlstrom flickr 2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5558972203/sizes/l/in/photostream/interior caf lighting and ceiling, Hkan Dahlstrom flickr 2011http://www.flickr.com/photos/dahlstroms/5558964833/sizes/l/in/photostream/

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Environmental Performance

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Energy Collection and Use

A building integrated photovoltaic array of 10kWp capacity, with a prediction an-nual output of 9000kWh has been installed on the top-floor roof terrace. This also provides rain protection and solar shading. The buildings total energy demand, including heating, cooling, hot water and lighting, is calculated to be less than 100kWh/m2/annum.

The bridge is illuminated with energy efficient LED technology.

Passive Heating and Cooling

On the outside of the glazed south and east facades are slats of heat-treated pine wood that work like fixed solar shading. To provide an effective shield they are supplemented with rotating blades at the top that close automatically when the building begins to overheat.

The building is ventilated by mechanical supply and exhaust air to heat exchange.

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TelecommunicationsHeatingWater

DrainageElectricity

Under the bridge is mounted a variety of pipes that supply the visitors centre with electricity, telecommunications, heating, water and drainage.

Wastewater is pumped into the municipal sewer system in pipes under the bridge.

The building is supplied with heat from a heating pipe under the bridge from the Tivoli Park.

The heat is transferred into the building in a hydronic system with radiators and convectors.

Ground Conditions and Foundation Types

The soil in the wetlands has a high moisture content.

The long concrete pile foundations act like stilts for the building to root it to the more solid ground deeper down and to protect the building from rising water levels.

22

References:

Lowenstein, O, 2011, White light - white heat, Ecotech 27, pp10-15

[080226_Naturum_Slutrapport_planeringsskedet.pdf] (2008) [online] [Accessed on 20 Feb 2012]

[071102_white_presentation.pdf] (2008) [online] [Accessed on 20 Feb 2012]

[2_fredrik_pettersson.pdf] (no date) (2008) [online] [Accessed on 20 Feb 2012] www.ek-skane.se

www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/film/flodbat/vattenriket_eng.mpg

www.Bing.com (maps) [online] [accessed on 16th feb 2012]

http://www.kristianstad.com/cmarter.asp?doc=1593 [online] [ac-cessed on 20th feb 2012]

http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/eng/biosphere.php (im-ages and info) [online] [accessed on 22nd feb 2012]

http://www.ask.com/wiki/Geography_of_Sweden [online] [ac-cessed on 22nd feb 2012]

http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/eng/nature_culture.php [online] [accessed on 22nd feb 2012]

http://www.vattenriket.kristianstad.se/litteratur/pdf/NYAS_mag-nusson.pdf [online] [accessed on 22nd feb 2012]

http://www.maweb.org/en/SGA.SwedenKristianstad.aspx [on-line] [accessed on 22nd feb 2012]

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Environmental Load

Live Load

Dead Load

Load Distribution

Construction

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Location of storage, offices, facilities, etc.

Location of the crane

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Secondary Structure

Tertiary Structure

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Structural Hierarchy

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Structure & Envelope

3010.0000

1550.0000

600.0000

377.0000

3792.55563413.8406

705.5525

3142.1231

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STRUCTURE AND ENVELOPEUSEFUL DIMENSIONS

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DAMP PROOF MEMBRANE

STOPS WATER FROM ENTERING THE BUILDING

VAPOR BARRIER

STOPS VAPOR WITHIN THE AIR FROM DAMAGING FROM BEING ABSORBED BY THE BUILDINGS FABRIC

INSULATION

THE INSULATION WITHIN THE CONCRETE BASE INSULATES THE BUILDING FROM COOL AIR RISING OFF THE RIVER.

THE INSULATION WITHIN THE ROOF AND FLOORING REDUCES HEAT LOSS AS WELL AS MORE COMPACT INSULATION IS ADDING TO OPENINGS TO REDUCE INFILTRATION

INSULATION

STRUCTURE AND ENVELOPE

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ANOTATED AXOMETRIC

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

TERTIARY STRUCTURE

CLADDING

LININGS

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

TIMBER FRAME WORK

SECONDARY STRUCTURE BALCONYEXTERNAL WALKWAY

TERTIARY

STEEL BEAM ATTACHING THE SOLAR SHADING TO THE BUILDING.STEEL BRACKET HOLDING UP EXTERNAL WALKWAYTIMBER STUD WORK ATTACHING CLADDING TO THE BUILDING

LININGS

TIMBER CEILING RIBS

CLADDING

TIMBER CLADDING STRIPS ATTACHED VERTICALLY TO TIMBER STUDDING

STRUCTURE AND ENVELOPE

1:20

STRUCTURE AND ENVELOPEANNOTATED ENVELOPE SECTION

1

COMPONENTS

1. DECKING BOARD2. FOAM GLASS INSULATION 3. TIMBER GIRDER4. PRIMARY TIMBER STUDS5. STEEL I BEAM TRANSOM6. GLAZING 7. GUTTER8. TIMBER SOLAR SHADING9. L - BRACKET10. BASE PLATE11. STEEL I BEAM 12. CONCRETE BASE FOUNDATION 13. MOVABLE SOLAR SHADING14. RAILINGS15. STEEL BRACKET 16. CEILING RIBS17. CORRUGATED STEEL 18. CONCRETE FLOORING19. MESH GUARD20. TIMBER FRAME21. INSULATION22. PILE FOUNDATION23. TIMBER CLADDING

2

3

4

5

6

10

7

8

13

9

4

11

11

13

14

8

13

14

14

1

1

15

15

1117

18

19

20

16

9

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23

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MOVABLE SOLAR SHADING

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ANOTATED AXOMETRIC

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

TERTIARY STRUCTURE

CLADDING

LININGS

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

TIMBER FRAME WORK

SECONDARY STRUCTURE BALCONYEXTERNAL WALKWAY

TERTIARY

STEEL BEAM ATTACHING THE SOLAR SHADING TO THE BUILDING.STEEL BRACKET HOLDING UP EXTERNAL WALKWAYTIMBER STUD WORK ATTACHING CLADDING TO THE BUILDING

LININGS

TIMBER CEILING RIBS

CLADDING

TIMBER CLADDING STRIPS ATTACHED VERTICALLY TO TIMBER STUDDING

STRUCTURE AND ENVELOPE

1:20

STRUCTURE AND ENVELOPEANNOTATED ENVELOPE SECTION

1

COMPONENTS

1. DECKING BOARD2. FOAM GLASS INSULATION 3. TIMBER GIRDER4. PRIMARY TIMBER STUDS5. STEEL I BEAM TRANSOM6. GLAZING 7. GUTTER8. TIMBER SOLAR SHADING9. L - BRACKET10. BASE PLATE11. STEEL I BEAM 12. CONCRETE BASE FOUNDATION 13. MOVABLE SOLAR SHADING14. RAILINGS15. STEEL BRACKET 16. CEILING RIBS17. CORRUGATED STEEL 18. CONCRETE FLOORING19. MESH GUARD20. TIMBER FRAME21. INSULATION22. PILE FOUNDATION23. TIMBER CLADDING

2

3

4

5

6

10

7

8

13

9

4

11

11

13

14

8

13

14

14

1

1

15

15

1117

18

19

20

16

9

1:501:50

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MOVABLE SOLAR SHADINGAnnotated Envelope Section

32

1:50

1:50

STRUCTURE AND ENVELOPEVENTILATION

THE CLADDING HAS AN AIR GAP BETWEEN ITS TWO SKINS ALLOWING AIR TO PASS THROUGH, PREVENTING DAMP, AS SHOWN IN SECTION A.

THE BALCONY ALSO HAS AN AIR PASSAGE THAT ALLOWS FOR AIR FLOW THROUGH THE BUILDINGS SKIN, AS SHOWN IN SECTION B.

THE BUILDING HAS NUMEROUS WINDOW OPENINGS THAT ALLOW FOR AIR FLOW THROUGH OUT THE BUILDING.