A range of approaches

Conceptual design

Saffer: Brainstorming for design

• Have research problem definition docs available/ viewable eg Hunt statement

• Tools for writing, sketching - essential

• Start with the subject in hand at the broadest possible level eg website for a museum – spend 10 minutes on a word association game on what is a museum

• Get brains, mouths hands engaged before starting to generate ideas

• Set aside a fixed amount of time

• Generate as many ideas as possible ( don’t self censor or censor others)

• Stay focused: use a parking lot

• Don’t spend a lot of time on any one idea

• Use the whole room

Jones and Marsden

Schneiderman 2002: Frameworks for human centred thinking – future thinking

• Collecting ( gathering information)• Relating ( communicating with others)• Creating (innovating• Donating (disseminating the results)

ART Tool(Activities, Relationship Table for human focused

technology ideas)

Relationships ActivitiesCollect

informationRelate

communicationCreate

innovationDonate

dissemination

Self what, how when where & why questions

Family & friends

Colleagues & neighbours

Citizens & markets

ART ToolExample for mobile applications and activitiesRelationships Activities

Collect information

Relate communication

Create innovation

Donate dissemination

Self Reminders (capture things you want to follow up later – book, store, advert in street)

Family & friends Find a friend locate contacts in a city you are visiting)

Mobile blog (write notes send photos to your personal diary

Colleagues & neighbours

Network effectively pick up the contact details of the groups of people you meet quickly

Info-doors ( send messages to a digital display on your office door)

Citizens & markets

Click-n-pay (m-commerce) on the go bidding (online auctions) when away form the desktop

Tourist tips and recommendations (if that sought –after attraction is closed ,let others know

Moggridge – 5 core skills1. To synthesise a solution from all of the relevant

constraints, understanding everything that will make a difference to the result

2. To frame or reframe the problem and objective

3. To create and envision alternatives

4. To select from those alternatives knowing intuitively how to choose the best approach

5. To visualise and prototype the intended solution

EnvisioningEnvisioning

IdeationIdeationVisualisation

Visualisation

PrototypingPrototyping

SelectionSelection

EvaluationEvaluation

UncertaintyUncertainty

ConstraintsConstraints

SynthesisSynthesis

FramingFraming

Elements of the Design Process

Source: Moggridge, 2007, p. 731

The dark arrows show a general tendency toward a cyclical process: colour coding of the titles indicates activities of similar types. In real life, the pattern is complex and less orderly than a clockwise cycle as the numbers show for a specific product

Preece, Rogers & SharpConceptual design

– Understand & analyse the problem space

– Using a range of frameworks, theories etc, formulate the conceptual model;

• Interface metaphors• Interaction types• Alternative design insights

– Expand the conceptual model

• Product functions• Product function

relationships• Available information

Physical design– Using scenarios– Using prototypes

• Card based

– Prototyping physical design