JAZELLE® TECHNOLOGYFOR EXECUTION ENVIRONMENTS

T H E A R C H I T E C T U R E F O R T H E D I G I T A L W O R L D ®

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High performance & efficient solutionsthrough integrated hardware and softwaredesignThere has been significant growth in the deployment of virtual execution

environments, such as the Java platform, in a range of consumer devices:

from mobile phones to portable games players, set top boxes and digital TV.

Application developers benefit from increased portability and reduced

development time and cost. The challenge is how to achieve great

performance from an execution environment without increasing system cost

and complexity, or reducing battery life.

ARM Jazelle® technology for acceleration of execution environments

provides the ARM Connected Community with high quality, class leading

solutions for the ARM architecture that offer the optimum combination of

high performance, low power and low cost.

ARM Jazelle DBX (Direct Bytecode eXecution)Jazelle DBX technology delivers an unparalleled combination of Java performance and the

world’s leading 32-bit embedded RISC architecture - giving platform developers the freedom to

run Java applications alongside established OS, middleware and application code on a single

processor.

ARM Jazelle RCT (Runtime CompilationTarget)Jazelle RCT technology enables high performance support for ahead-of-time (AOT) and just-in-

time (JIT) compilation of Java and other execution environments such as Microsoft .NET

Compact Framework with up to 3x less memory usage, resulting in lower cost and increased

battery life.

ARM Jazelle SoftwareARM offer a range of highly optimized virtual machine solutions, tightly coupled to the

hardware, in particular the Jazelle architecture extensions, delivering the optimum

performance, power and cost balance with the Java ME platform.

ARM Jazelle DBX and Jazelle RCT technologies, together with the supporting Jazelle software,

offer customers maximum flexibility and choice with a powerful roadmap for efficient and high

performance execution environments on a wide range of ARM platforms.

Jazelle RCT

Features

• Highest performance bytecode execution

• Low memory and system costs

• Support for JIT/DAC and AOT compilation

• Integrated into latest generation of ARM CPUcores

• Supported by leading execution environments

• Beneficial to Java and other similar languagese.g. Microsoft .NET, MSIL, Python, Flash

• Complementary to Jazelle DBX technology

Ultimate performancewithout increasing costsNext generation ARM Cortex™ processors will bring

processor speeds in the order of a GHz and

beyond. At these frequencies, issues with

application start-time and responsiveness are

lessened and it is anticipated there will be

increasing use of compilation techniques, such as

JIT, DAC and AOT.

Jazelle RCT will enable JIT and AOT compilation

techniques to achieve near-native code

performance with features targeted specifically at

virtual execution environments. This high

performance can be achieved while reducing RAM

memory usage by up to 3x.

Award winningtechnology“The Cortex-A8 processor was touted as giving the

ARM architecture a pleasant boost because of the

Jazelle® RCT technology that is a part of the

processor architecture. Specifically the Thumb®-

2EE instruction set, which is used in the Jazelle

RCT technology, is cited as being a

Memory Efficiency

Unlike a Java co-processor, Jazelle DBX is tightly

integrated with the core architecture, meaning

Jazelle DBX is able to make use of the processor

cache and does not suffer from the bus bandwidth

limitations seen between co-processors and core.

Ease of Integration

Jazelle DBX technology is extremely quick and

easy to integrate into a JVM and underlying OS —

typically taking only a few days. Jazelle DBX is

also supported by many leading OS and Java

runtime vendors. Unlike a JIT or DAC compiler, a

Jazelle DBX enabled solution does not require

costly and time-consuming tuning for each new

platform and application configuration.

Low Power Consumption

Battery life can be extended by using Jazelle DBX

technology, due to the minimal complexity of the

additional logic to implement. Power consumption

is also reduced because Jazelle DBX technology

is implemented inside the system cache.

Low Silicon Cost

Jazelle DBX is implemented in less than 12k gates

— much smaller than co-processors that typically

consume 60k to 100k gates.

Jazelle DBX technology-enabled Cores

ARM has currently integrated Jazelle DBX

technology into

• the ARM1176JZ(F)-S processor

• the ARM1136J(F)-S processor

• the ARM1026EJ-S processor

• the ARM926EJ-S processor

• and the ARM7EJ-S processor.

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Jazelle DBX forJava™

Features

• High-efficiency Java bytecode execution

• Ultra-low Java system cost

• Low power consumption for battery operatedwireless embedded devices

• Supported by leading OS and Java run-times

Performance WithoutPenalty

High Performance

Jazelle DBX technology typically increases the

performance of a commercial JVM by 4 times

when running benchmarks or complex MIDP 2.0

applications.

Outstanding User Experience

A good user experience is not determined simply

by how fast a device can run an application:

factors such as start-time and responsiveness,

while difficult to measure, are usually far more

important. Jazelle DBX enables fast start-time,

consistent and highly responsive applications,

resulting in great user experience.

Real Time Performance

Devices such as home gateways and mobile

phones demand excellent real-time performance

from a processor to run the network protocol

software as well as the middleware. The Jazelle

DBX architecture extensions enable the processor

to maintain fast interrupt response and provide

good real-time performance.

“virtual-machine designer’s dream” because it

enables run time compilers to deliver the highest

performance and is applicable to instruction sets

like Java, Microsoft.NET, MSIL/Compact

Framework, and Perl and Python…” Electronic

Design Magazine - ‘Best of Embedded 2005’.

Future-proof: beyondJavaJazelle RCT not only provides excellent support for

compilation techniques deployed in Java runtimes.

The Common Intermediate Language (CIL) used by

Microsoft .NET Compact Framework was given

significant consideration during development, and

the instruction set is applicable to other similar

execution environments, such as Flash and

Python.

AvailabilityJazelle RCT is available in all ARM Cortex-A CPU

cores. ARM is working with leading virtual

machine and handset vendors to ensure wide

support for this latest architecture extension.

Please contact ARM directly for a list of the latest

licensees and adopters.

Jazelle Software

Features

• Highly optimized support for Jazelle technologyhardware

• High performance in low memory

• Full multi-tasking capabilities (MVM)

• Simple integration

• Wide support in leading Java runtimes

Amazing performance — highefficiency

ARM have unparalleled experience in creating the

most highly optimized JVM solutions for the ARM

Jazelle technology platforms. Jazelle software

solutions provide extremely high performance and

incredible user experience from the most resource

constrained devices up to high-end devices, such

as Smart Phone and Digital TV. The Jazelle Java

Technology Enabling Kit (JTEK) has been licensed

since 2002 to enable JVMs to take full advantage

of Jazelle DBX technology enabled processors

offering high performance in up to 8x less RAM

compared to a system running a JIT or DAC

compiler, where bytecode compilation may cause

significant code bloat.

Jazelle SoftwareEvolution

The original ARM Jazelle JTEK was a simple piece

of “driver code” for Jazelle DBX enabled

processors, giving an instant performance boost to

existing JVMs.

JVM optimizations to areas such as garbage

collection and method invocation doubled the

performance of version 3 of Jazelle JTEK, while

minimizing memory usage — up to 8x less than a

JIT or DAC software-only solution.

The need for a multi-tasking Java platform required

ARM to re-architect the JVM to be a Multi-tasking

Virtual Machine (MVM). Working with industry

partners, including Qualcomm, Sprint, Aplix and a

top 5 handset vendor, ARM has defined a common

API for multi-tasking between the JVM and the

upper Java stack (MIDP and other JSRs) and has

developed a highly optimized MVM implementation

— achieving high performance, fast response and

switching, smooth consistent behaviour and a very

small memory footprint.

JTEK 2.x JTEK 3.x JTEK 4.x Jazelle® MobileVM

JAM

MIDlet

MIDP JSR184 JSR135 JSR...

JVM

Jazelle® ‘driver’

JAM

MIDlet

MIDP JSR184 JSR135 JSR...

JVM

Jazelle ‘driver’

MI GC

JAM

MIDP JSR184 JSR135 JSR...

JVM (MVM)

MIDlets

JAM

MIDP JSR184 JSR135 JSR...

JVM (MVM)

MIDlets

2002 2007

Version 1.0Available 2H07

• Replaces bytecode interpreter:• ‘driver’ software

• Simple integration:• 1-2 day

• Performance boost:• 4-10x

• Optimize JVM parts:• Method invocation,

Garbage collector etc

• Higher performance:• >2x JTEK 2.x

• Efficient memory use:• 8x less than DAC/JIT

• New JVM architecture:• Multi-tasking• Configurable API

• Debug and profiling

• JRO bytecode optimizer

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Jazelle® DBX™ Technology | ARM DOI 0114-9/05.07

Jazelle MobileVMThis MVM solution forms the basis of the ARM

Jazelle MobileVM software. Jazelle MobileVM is a

complete JVM, engineered to provide high

performance multi-tasking in a very small memory

footprint.

The re-architecting of the JVM has allowed ARM to

invest in and build a number of significant new

features to enhance the Java platform. The first of

these new features: JRO and JRD are described

below.

Jazelle RuntimeOptimizer (JRO)As with any architecture, it is possible to optimize

software specifically for the underlying Jazelle DBX

technology hardware.

Optimizing a JVM for Jazelle DBX technology is a

relatively straightforward concept: execute as much

Java bytecode in hardware as possible and ensure

the bytecode sequence is optimal.

Java source code compilers produce generic Java

bytecode that is not optimized for the target platform.

Jazelle DBX technology hardware does not

differentiate between optimized and un-optimized

bytecode: it will simply execute the sequence of

bytecodes passed to it.

The Jazelle Runtime Optimizer (JRO) performs Java-

to-Java bytecode translation at runtime – in-lining

frequent method calls, avoiding pipeline stalls and

replacing software executed bytecodes with

sequences of hardware executed bytecodes. It runs

as a low priority multi-tasking Java thread in parallel

to other applications and delivers up to 40%

additional speed up with no perceptible impact on

user experience.

Jazelle Runtime Debug(JRD)The Jazelle Runtime Debug (JRD) builds on the

framework of the JRO, with the debug “agent”

running as a background MIDlet in the MVM

platform.

As well as fully supporting the KDWP standard to

support any generic debug IDE such as Eclipse, JRD

is capable of debugging foreground, as well as

background, applications while others run in

parallel.

The architecture of JRD means it is extremely easy

to customize, giving licensees the ability to extend a

handset’s debug capabilities to support their own

developer community needs. For example, the ability

to define multiple access privileges or produce code

coverage information.

Both JRO and JRD form part of the new Jazelle

MobileVM software from ARM. For more

information, please contact ARM directly.

AvailabilityJazelle JTEK and Jazelle MobileVM software is

available to existing Sun licensees for CLDC and

CDC technologies. Many leading Java platforms and

OS already include Jazelle DBX support — please

talk to ARM for the latest list of licensees.

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TAIWANT: +886 2 2627 1681F: +886 2 2627 1682

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SINGAPORET: +65 6728 0950F: +65 6728 7901

TARGET device

MVM

MIDP JAM

BT, USB, WiFi

Debug I/f Jazelle® Runtime Framework

JRDMidlet

Commslink

= Provided by ARM

Java Debugger

ARM, ARM Powered, StrongARM, Thumb, Multi-ICE, ModelGen, PrimeCell, PrimeXsys, RealView, TrustZone, Jazelle, ARM7TDMI, ARM9TDMI, ARMulator AMBA, and The Architecture for the Digital World are registered trademarks of ARM Limited. Cortex, AXI, AHB, ARM7, ARM7TDMI-S,ARM7EJ-S, ARM720T, ARM740T, ARM9, ARM9TDMI, ARM920T, ARM922T, ARM940T, ARM9E, ARM9E-S, ARM926EJ-S, ARM946E-S, ARM966E-S, ARM968E-S, ARM996HS, ARM10, ARM1020E, ARM1022E, ARM1026EJ-S, ARM11, ARM1136J-S, ARM1136JF-S, ARM1156T2-S, ARM1156T2F-S,ARM1176JZ-S, ARM1176JZF-S, EmbeddedICE, EmbeddedICE-RT, AMBA, ARM Development Suite, ETM, ETM7, ETM9, ETM10, ETM10RV, ETM11, Embedded Trace Macrocell, Embedded Trace Buffer, ETB, ETB11, Embedded Trace Kit, Integrator, JTEK, MultiTrace, MPCore, MOVE, OptimoDE,AudioDE, SecurCore, SC100, SC110, SC200, SC210 are trademarks of ARM Limited. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. XScale is a trademark of Intel Corporation. All other brand names or product names are the property of their respective holders. "ARM" is used to represent ARMholdings plc (LSE: ARM and NASDAQ: ARMHY); its operating company ARM Limited and the regional subsidiaries ARM, INC.; ARM KK; ARM Korea Ltd.; ARM Taiwan; ARM France SAS; ARM Consulting (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.; ARM Belgium N.V.; and ARM Embedded Technologies Pvt. Ltd, ARMPhysical IP, Inc. and ARM Norway AS. Neither the whole nor any part of the information contained in, or the product described in, this document may be adapted or reproduced in any material form except with the prior written permission of the copyright holder. The product described in thisdocument is subject to continuous developments and improvements. All particulars of the product and its use contained in this document are given by ARM in good faith. All warranties implied or expressed, including but not limited to implied warranties of satisfactory quality or fitness forpurpose are excluded. This document is intended only to provide information to the reader about the product. To the extent permitted by local laws ARM shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising from the use of any information in this document or any error or omission in such information.