Atlantic Revolutions and Their Echoes, 1750-1914

Chapter 17 Lecture AP World History

Ways of the World

Good Morning!

Please have a seat and wait for directions.

Warm Up 1/5/16

1. What were some of the ideas of the Enlightenment?

–  (You can look back in Ch. 16 to review them) 2. How might these ideas lead to revolutions?

Three Things To Remember…

1.  Revolution is contagious!

2.  Wars are expensive!

3.  Moderation is the key!

The Effects of Colonial Wars

•  The European powers had been fighting over colonies and power which created financial strain on their economies.

•  Wars drain countries not only of money but resources as well!

•  The old school remedy… – More taxes!! – Taxes make people angry!

When People are Unhappy, They Start to Wonder Why!

•  The Enlightenment Era was a time of applying reason and questioning (previously discovered during the Scientific Revolution) to society.

3 People w/ Influential Ideas that need to be remembered:

1. John Locke: Natural Rights of Man 1. Government’s main objective:

1. Protect the people’s LIFE, LIBERTY, AND PROPERTY! If the government fails to do so…REBEL!!

2. Jean Jacques Rousseau: Social Contact 1. Without the will of the people the Monarch is not

justifiable. Therefore the Monarch must make sure it is fulfilling the will of the people.

3. Voltaire: Freedom of Speech and Religion 1. Very critical of the Church and its practice of

censorship

American Revolution 1775-1800

•  Great Britain was in debt so as an attempt to recover they reform the colonial tax policy.

•  This makes the American colonialists upset…before you know it, Boston Tea Party!

Revolutionary Actions Begin

•  Britain fails to fully negotiate with the American Colonialists causing frustration and anger.

•  And you know the rest of the story…WE WON!

•  Not without the help of the French! The American Revolution was very costly for the French government that was already very in debt. – Unpopular decision with the French people!

The French Revolution 1789-1815

•  Louis XV lost the Seven Years War against Britain

•  He tried to impose a new tax on the nobility but met with resistance and therefore did not happen!

Life Under Louis XVI

•  Louis XV’s grandson became king at 22

•  Not a confident ruler •  Easily persuaded and

continued on with his grandfathers social hierarchy that was called the Old Regime

The Estates System divided Society King

1st Estate: Clergy

2nd Estate: Nobles

3rd Estate: Everyone Else!

WAS RICH WAS RICH Besides the affluent

bourgeoisie, majority was poor

BARELY PAID TAXES! BARELY PAID TAXES CARRIED MOST OF THE TAX BURDEN!

Louis XVI Attempts Tax Reforms

•  King calls a meeting of the Estates General where he proposes a tax increase for the 1st and 2nd Estates

•  They respond by protecting their own interests and start publicly questioning the Louis XVI’s competence.

The Bread Prices Skyrocket

•  Bread is the staple of the French diet so when bread prices increase the peasants begin to starve.

•  Starvation = Aggravation!!

3rd Estates •  Due to the lack of

effectiveness of their vote in the Estates General, the 3rd Estates becomes the National Assembly

•  They create a constitution (Tennis Court Oath) called The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen(a lot like the Declaration of Independence)

The Reign of Terror, 1793-1794

•  The French Revolution is much bloodier than the American Revolution

•  Rumors, fear, and anger drove the guillotine to claim the lives of many including the King and Queen

•  Robespierre calls for extreme radicalism! – To be loyal to the Revolution, you must rat out

those who say ANYTHING against it! –  In many ways the Reign of Terror killed the

Republic!

Dictatorship Returns – Chaos from the

Terror turns many away from a democratic government and long for a more traditional government.

– This sets the stage for Napoleon to take control of France

The Enlightenment + French and American Revolutions= Revolutions

Latin and South America

•  Haitian Revolution – Blame Napoleon… – Slave Revolt (the only successful one!)

•  Spanish American Revolutions – Blame Napoleon…

• When he takes over Spain, Spain is weak and it was time to fight for independence!

EXIT TICKET

•  In a paragraph, explain how the Enlightenment ideas and the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution.

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