cardio vascular accident

8/9/2019 Cardio vascular accident

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Overview

A cerebrovascular accident is the medical term for a stroke . A stroke is when blood flow to a part of

your brain is stopped either by a blockage or a rupture of a blood vessel. There are important signs of a

stroke that you should be aware of and watch out for. If you think that you or someone around you might

be having a stroke, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. The more quickly you get

treatment, the better the prognosis. When a stroke goes untreated for too long, there can be permanent

brain damage.

elp !riends and !amily with Their "edical #osts$ %aise "oney &ow '

(art ) of *$ Types

Types of #erebrovascular Accident

There are two main types of cerebrovascular accident, or stroke. An ischemic stroke is caused by a

blockage, and a hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a breakage in a blood vessel. In both cases, part of

the brain is deprived of blood and o+ygen, causing the brain s cells to die.Ischemic Stroke

An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel, preventing blood and o+ygen from

getting to a part of the brain. There are two ways that this can happen. When a clot forms somewhere

else in your body and gets lodged in a brain blood vessel, it is called an embolic stroke. When the clot

forms in the brain blood vessel, it is called a thrombotic stroke.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel ruptures, or hemorrhages, which then prevents blood

from getting to part of the brain. The hemorrhage may occur in a blood vessel in the brain, or in the

membrane that surrounds the brain.

(art - of *$ ymptoms

ymptoms of a #erebrovascular Accident

The quicker you can get a diagnosis and treatment for a stroke, the better your prognosis will be. !or this reason, it is important to understand and recogni/e the symptoms of a stroke.

difficulty walking di//iness loss of balance and coordination difficulty speaking or understanding others who are speaking

numbness or paralysis in the face, leg, or arm, most likely on 0ust one side of the body blurred or darkened vision a sudden headache , especially when accompanied by nausea, vomiting , or di//iness

The symptoms of a stroke can vary depending on the individual and where in the brain it has happened.

ymptoms usually appear suddenly, even if they are not very severe. They may become worse over

time.
http://www.healthline.com/health/strokehttp://www.healthline.com/health/strokehttp://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/brainhttp://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/brainhttp://www.healthline.com/health/online-medical-fundraisinghttp://www.healthline.com/health/headachehttp://www.healthline.com/health/vomitinghttp://www.healthline.com/health/dizzinesshttp://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/brainhttp://www.healthline.com/health/online-medical-fundraisinghttp://www.healthline.com/health/headachehttp://www.healthline.com/health/vomitinghttp://www.healthline.com/health/dizzinesshttp://www.healthline.com/health/stroke


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(art 1 of *$ 2iagnosis

2iagnosis of a #erebrovascular Accident

3our doctor can tell if you have had a stroke in a number of ways. !irst, you will be e+amined. 3our

doctor will check your refle+es, vision, speaking, and senses. e or she will also check for a particular

sound in the blood vessels of your neck . This sound, which is called a bruit, indicates abnormal blood

flow. !inally, your doctor will check your blood pressure, which may be high if you have had a stroke.3our doctor may also perform diagnostic tests to confirm a stroke and to pinpoint its location$

Blood tests: 3our doctor may want to test your blood for clotting time, blood sugar levels, or

infection. These can all affect the likelihood and progression of a stroke. Angiogram: 4y adding a dye to your blood and then taking an 56ray of your head, your doctor

can find the blocked or hemorrhaged blood vessel. Carotid ultrasound : 7sing sound waves to image the blood vessels in your neck helps to

determine if there is abnormal blood flow towards your brain. Computed tomography (CT) scan: A #T scan is often performed soon after symptoms of a

stroke develop to find the problem area or other problems that might rule out a stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): "%Is can also be used to check for damaged blood

vessels. chocardiogram : This imaging technique uses sound waves to create a picture of your heart. It

can help to find the source of blood clots.

(art 8 of *$ TreatmentTreatment for a #erebrovascular Accident

Treatment for a stroke depends on the type. In the case of an ischemic stroke, the goal is to remove the

blockage. In the case of a hemorrhagic stroke, treatments are aimed at controlling the bleeding.

To treat an ischemic stroke, you may be given a clot6dissolving drug or a blood thinner. 3ou may also be

given aspirin to prevent a second stroke. In some cases, emergency treatment may include in0ecting

medicine into the brain or removing a blockage with surgery.

!or a hemorrhagic stroke, you may be given a drug that lowers the pressure in your brain caused by

the bleeding . 3ou may also need surgery, if the bleeding is severe, to remove e+cess blood. 3ou may

also need surgery to repair the ruptured blood vessel.

After any type of stroke, there is a recovery period that varies depending on how severe the stroke was.

3ou may need to participate in rehabilitation because of the effects of the stroke. This can include

speech therapy, occupational therapy, or work with a psychiatrist, neurologist, or other professionals.

(art 9 of *$ (revention(revention of a #erebrovascular Accident

There are many risk factors for having a stroke. #orrespondingly, there are many measures that can be

taken to help prevent them. These preventive measures are similar to the actions that you would take to

help prevent heart disease, and include the following$
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maintain normal blood pressure lmit saturated fat and cholesterol intake refrain from smoking and drink alcohol in moderation control diabetes maintain a healthy weight

get regular e+ercise eat a diet rich in vegetables and fruits

If your doctor knows that you are at risk for a stroke, you may be prescribed medications to prevent one.

These include drugs that thin the blood and prevent clot formation.

(art * of *$ (rognosis

(rognosis for a #erebrovascular Accident

If you suffer from a stroke, your prognosis depends on the type of stroke, how much damage it causes

to your brain, and how quickly you are able to receive treatment. The prognosis after an ischemic stroke

is better than after a hemorrhagic stroke.

#ommon complications resulting from a stroke include difficulty speaking, moving, or thinking. These

can improve over the weeks, months, and even years after a stroke. Appro+imately half of all stroke

patients are able to go home and function without help, while the other half requires care : &I , );


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signs of inflammation which can suggest inflamed arteries. #ertain blood proteins are tested that canincrease the chance of stroke by thickening the blood.

troke look6alikes$ ust because a person has slurred speech or weakness on one side of the bodydoes not necessarily mean that person has had a stroke. There are many other nervous systemdisorders that can mimic a stroke including a brain tumor , a subdural hematoma :a collection of bloodbetween the brain and the skull= or a brain abscess :a pool of pus in the brain caused by bacteria or afungus=. >irus infection of the brain :viral encephalitis= can cause symptoms similar to those of a stroke,as can an overdose of certain medications. 2ehydration or an imbalance of sodium, calcium, or glucosecan cause neurologic abnormalities similar to a stroke.

Treatment of a stroke$ Barly use of anticoagulants to minimi/e blood clotting has value in some patients.Treatment of blood pressure that is too high or too low may be necessary. :Cowering elevated bloodpressure into the normal range is no longer recommended during the first few days following a strokesince this may further reduce blood flow through narrowed arteries and make the stroke worse.= Theblood sugar glucose in diabetics is often quite high after a stroke@ controlling the glucose level mayminimi/e the si/e of a stroke. 2rugs that can dissolve blood clots may be useful in stroke treatment.

O+ygen is given as needed. &ew medications that can help o+ygen6starved brain cells survive whilecirculation is reestablished are being developed.

%ehabilitation$ When a patient is no longer acutely ill after a stroke, the aim turns to ma+imi/ing thepatientDs functional abilities. This can be done in an inpatient rehabilitation hospital or in a special area of a general hospital and in a nursing facility. The rehabilitation process can involve speech therapy torelearn talking and swallowing, occupational therapy for regaining de+terity of the arms and hands,physical therapy for improving strength and walking, etc. The goal is for the patient to resume as manyof their pre6stroke activities as possible.

!ootnote$ The term ?stroke? reflects the belief among the ancient Ereeks and %omans that someonesuffering a stroke :or any sudden incapacity= had been struck down by the gods.

A stroke , sometimes referred to as a cere!ro"ascular accident :C#A =,cere!ro"ascular insult :C#I =,or colloquially !rain attack is the loss of brain function due to a disturbance in the blood supply to thebrain. This disturbance is due to either ischemia :lack of blood flow= or hemorrhage .F


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decrease by appro+imately


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#erebral embolism occurs when a blood clot from elsewhere in the circulatory system breaks free. If it becomes lodged in an arterysupplying the brain, either in the brain or in the neck, it can cause a stroke. The most common cause of cerebral embolism is atrialfibrillation, a disorder of the heart beat. In atrial fibrillation, the upper chambers :atria= of the heart beat weakly and rapidly, instead of slowlyand steadily. 4lood within the atria is not completely emptied. This stagnant blood may form clots within the atria, which can then break offand enter the circulation. Atrial fibrillation is a factor in about


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Symptomsymptoms of an embolic stroke usually come on quite suddenly and are at their most intense right from

the start, while symptoms of athrombotic stroke come on more gradually. ymptoms may include$

blurring or decreased vision in one or both eyes

severe headache , often described as ?the worst headache of my life?

weakness, numbness, or paralysis of the face, arm, or leg, usually confined to one side of the body

di//iness, loss of balance or coordination, especially when combined with other symptoms

2iagnosis

The diagnosis of stroke is begun with a careful medical history, especially concerning the onset and distr ibution of symptoms, presence ofrisk factors, and the e+clusion of other possible causes. A brief neurological e+am is performed to identify the degree and location of anydeficits, such as weakness, incoordination, or visual losses.

Once stroke is suspected, a computed tomography scan :#T scan= or magnetic resonanceimaging :"%I= scan is performed to distinguisha stroke caused by blood clot from one caused by hemorr hage, a critical distinction that guides therapy. 4lood and urine tests are doneroutinely to look for possible abnormalities.

Other investigations that may be performed to guide treatment include an electrocardiogram, angiography, ultrasound, andelectroencephalogram.

Treatment

Emergency treatment Bmergency treatment of stroke from a blood clot is aimed at dissolving the clot. This ?thrombolytic therapy? currently is performed mostoften with tissue plasminogen activator, or t6(A. t6(A must be administer ed within three hours of the stroke event. Therefore, patients whoawaken with stroke symptoms are ineligible for t6(A therapy, as the time of onset cannot be accurately determined. t6(A therapy has beenshown to improve recovery and decrease long6term disability in selected patients. t6(A therapy carries a 9.1risk of inducing a cerebralhemorrhage, and is not appropriate for patients with bleeding disorders, very high blood pressure, known aneurysms, any evidence ofintracranial hemorrhage, or incidence of stroke, h

ead trauma, or intracranial surgery within the past three months. (atients with clot6related:thrombotic orembolic= stroke who are ineligible for t6(A treatment may be treated with heparin or other blood thinners,or with aspirin orother anti6clotting agents in some cases.

Bmergency treatment of hemorrhagic stroke is aimed at controlling intracranial pressure. Intravenous ur ea or mannitol plus hyperventilationis the most common treatment. #orticosteroids also may be used. (atients with reversible bleeding disorders, such as those due toanticoagulant treatment, should have these bleeding disorders reversed, if possible.

urgery for hemorrhage due to aneurysm may be performed if the aneurysm is close enough to the cranial surface to allow access.%uptured vessels are closed off to prevent rebleeding. !or aneurysms that ar e difficult to reach surgically, endovascular treatment may beused. In this procedure, a catheter is guided from a larger artery up into the brain to reach the aneurysm. mall coils of wire are dischargedinto theaneurysm, which plug it up and block off blood flow from the main artery.

Rehabilitation%ehabilitation refers to a comprehensive program designed to regain function as much as possible andcompensate for permanent losses.Appro+imately


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stitutionali/ed for severe disability. The remaining L; can return home with appropriatetherapy, training, support, and care services.

%ehabilitation is coordinated by a team of medical professionals and may include the services of a neur ologist, a physician whospeciali/es in rehabilitation medicine :physiatrist=, a physical therapist, an occupational therapist, a speech6language pathologist, anutritionist, a mental health professional, and a socialworker. %ehabilitation services may be provided in an acute care hospital,rehabilitation hospital, long6term care facility, outpatient clinic, or at home.

A hemorrhagic stroke (le$t) compared to a throm!otic stroke (right)%

:Illustration by ans M #assady, Inc.=

The rehabilitation program is based on the patientDsindividual deficits and strengths. trokes on the leftside of the brain primarily affect the right half of thebody, and vice versa. In addition, in left braindominantpeople, who constitute a significantma0ority of the population, left brain strokes usuallylead to speech and language deficits, while rightbrain strokes may affect spatial perception. (atientswith right brain strokes also may deny their illness,neglect the affected side of their body, and behaveimpulsively.

%ehabilitation may be complicated by cognitivelosses, including diminished ability to understand andfollow directions. (oor results are more likely inpatients with significant or prolonged cognitivechanges, sensory losses, language deficits, orincontinence.

(%B>B&TI&E #O"(CI#ATIO& . %ehabilitationbegins with prevention of stroke recurrence and othermedical complications. The risk of stroke recurrencemay be reduced with many of the same measuresused to prevent stroke, including quitting smokingand controlling blood pressure.

One of the most common medical complicationsfollowing stroke is deep venous thrombosis, in whicha clot forms within a limb immobili/ed by paralysis.#lots that break free often become lodged in anartery feeding the lungs. This type of pulmonaryembolism is a common cause of death in the weeksfollowing a stroke. %esuming activity within a day ortwo after the stroke is an important preventive measure, along with use of elasticstockings on the lower limbs. 2rugs that prevent clotting may be given, including intravenous heparin and oral warfarin.

Weakness and loss of coordination of the swallowing muscles may impair swallowing :dysphagia=, andallow food to enter the lowerairway. This may lead to aspiration pneumonia , another common cause of death shortly after a stroke. 2ysphagia may be treated withretraining e+ercises and temporary use of pur eed foods.

2epression occurs in -;69; of stroke patients. Antidepressants and psychotherapy may be used in combination.

Other medical complications include urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers, falls, and sei/ures.

T3(B O! %B A4ICITATI>B T B%A(3. 4rain tissue that dies in a stroke cannot regenerate. In some cases, the functions of thattissue may be performed by other brain regions after a training period. In othercases, compensatory actions may be developed to replacelost abilities.

(hysical therapy is used to maintain and restore range of motion and strength in affected limbs, and toma+imi/e mobility in walking,wheelchair use, and transferring :from wheelchair to toilet or from standingto sitting, for instance=. The physical therapist advises onmobility aids such as wheelchairs, braces, andcanes. In the recovery period, a stroke patient may develop muscle spasticity and contractures , or abnor mal contractions. #ontractures may be treated with a combination of stretching and splinting.

Occupational therapy improves self6care skills such as feeding, bathing, and dressing, and helps develop effective compensatorystrategies and devices for activities of daily living. A speech6language pathologist focuses on communication and swallowing skills. Whendysphagia is a problem, a nutritionist can advise alternative meals that provide adequate nutrition .
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"ental health professionals may be involved in the treatment of depression or loss of thinking :cognitive=skills. A social worker may helpcoordinate services and ease the transition out of the hospital back into the home. 4oth social workers and mental health professionalsmay help counsel the patient and family during the difficult rehabilitation period. #aring for a person affected with stroke requires learning anew set of skills and adapting to new demands and limitations. ome caregivers may develop stress , an+iety, and depression. #aring forthe caregiver is an important part of the overall stroke treatment program.

upport groups can provide an important source of information, advice, and comfort for stroke patients and for caregivers. oining asupport group can be one of the most important steps in the rehabilitation process.

(rognosis

troke is fatal for about )* of white males, 8) of black males, )- of white females, and 1; of black females. troke survivors maybe left with significant deficits. Bmergency treatment and comprehensive rehabilitation can significantly improve both survival andrecovery. A );;- study found that treating people who have had a stroke with certain antidepressant medications, even if they were notdepressed, could increase their chances of living longer. (eople who received the treatment were less likely to die fromcardiovascularevents than those who did not receive antidepressant drugs .

(revention

2amage from stroke may be significantly reduced through emergency treatment. Nnowing the symptoms of stroke is as important asknowing those of a heartattack . (atients with stroke symptoms should seek emergency treatment without delay, which may meandialingJ


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?&ew 2rug Application ubmitted to !2A for B+anta.? Heart Disease Weekly anuary )8, );;1$ *J.

?&ew troke (revention 2rug.? Chemist & Druggist eptember


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heat stroke a condition due to e+cessive e+posure to heat, with dry skin, vertigo, headache, thirst, nausea, and muscular cramps@ thebody temperature may be dangerously elevated.

throm!otic stroke stroke syndrome due to cerebral thrombosis, most often superimposed on a plaqueof atherosclerosis.

2orlandDs "edical 2ictionary for ealth #onsumers. R );;* by aunders, an imprint of Blsevier, Inc. All

rights reserved.

stroke :str k=

n.

'% A sudden severe attack, as of paralysis or sunstroke.

% A sudden loss of brain function caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the brain, resulting in necrosis of brain tissueand characteri/ed by loss of muscular control, diminution or loss of sensation or consciousness, di//iness, slurred speech, or othersymptoms that vary with the e+tent and severityof brain damage. Also called cerebral acci ent , cerebral in!arction , cerebro"ascularacci ent .

The American eritageS "edical 2ictionary #opyright R );;*, );;1 by oughton "ifflin #ompany.(ublished by oughton "ifflin #ompany . All rights reserved.

stroke%

ee cere!ro"asular accident* cere!ro"ascular insult .

"osbyDs "edical 2ictionary, Lth edition. R );;J, Blsevier.

stroke

stroke A clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal :at times global= disturbance of cerebral function,lasting more than )1 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin.

egenDs "edical 2ictionary. R );


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'% a sudden and severe attack.

% stroke syndrome .

#$ troke. B$ Areas of the body affected by a stroke. !rom !ra/ier et al., );;;.

heat stroke a condition caused by e+posure to e+cessive heat@ see also 7& T%ONB .

"iller6Neane Bncyclopedia and 2ictionary of "edicine, &ursing, and Allied ealth, eventh Bdition. R);;- by aunders, an imprint of Blsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

stroke*

n '%, a massage technique that involves pressure or movement of the therapistDs hand or arm across thebodyDs surface.

%, a condition in which hemorrhage or occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel leads to ischemia and tissuedamage to the brain. "ay result in changes in speech or sensation, weakness, paralysis, and death.
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onas$ "osbyDs 2ictionary of #omplementary and Alternative "edicine. :c= );;8, Blsevier.

stroke*

n '% a single, unbroken movement made by an instrument or the mandible.% a colloquial term for accident, cerebrovascular.

stroke* circular ,

n an unbroken spherical movement of appro+imately < to ) mm in diameter, combined with pressure,that is used to apply paste in polishing.

stroke* circum$erential

n a movement used for root and gingival curettage@ the blade of the periodontal curet is negotiatedmesiodistally while it is in contact with either the root or the inner aspect of the soft tissue wall of thegingival or periodontal pocket.

stroke* e+ploratory ,

n a phase of subgingival root scaling in which the curet is held in a featherlike grasp to ascertain tactilelythe amount and e+tent of the deposits on the root surface@ the ingress stroke into the pocket area.

stroke* hori,ontal ,

n a short movement against a tooth that is made parallel to its occlusal surface.

stroke* o!li-ue ,

n a single, continuous diagonal movement of an instrument over the e+ternal face of the ob0ect beingworked on.

stroke* placement ,

n a single, continuous movement of an instrument over the surface of an ob0ect being worked on, which

moves the instrument at the intended location.

stroke* po.er ,

n the phase of the working stroke that is designed to split or dislodge calculus from the root surface. It isprefaced by the e+ploratory stroke and followed by the shaving stroke.

stroke* pro!e .alking ,


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n the technique of assessing the progression and e+tent of disease within the oral cavity by inserting aperiodontal probe into the sulcus or pocket of the tooth and moving the device up and down between isual cience, *th edition. R );;J 4utterworth6 einemann

stroke

#erebrovascular accident &eurology A sudden focal neurologic defect lasting )1 hrs, which ischaracteri/ed by abrupt loss of consciousness due to either hemorrhage or vascular occlusion ofcerebral blood vessels, leading to immediate paralysis, weakness, speech defects@ a sudden onset ofneurologic deficit of vascular origin@ strokes are a leading cause of disability in developed countriesU8;;,;;; new victims yr, 7 , );6-; of whom are left with severe residua@ strokes are the - rd leadingcause of deathU);6-; early mortality@ the incidence of stroke rises dramatically with age@ the risk
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doubles every decade after age -8 tatistics, mortality V L; deaths


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:infarction=. Around the infarct /one lies a so6called penumbra of ischemic, electrically silent tissue thatmay be salvageable by prompt reperfusion. The mortality of ischemic stroke is


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% A pulsation.

1%To pass the hand or any instrument over a surface.ee also$ stroking

2% A gliding movement over a surface.

ynonym:s=$ apople+y.

FA. . str c G

"edical 2ictionary for the ealth (rofessions and &ursing R !arle+ );


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3% Stroke "y granny got stroke. &ow she is in the hospital, but she doesnDt identify me or my mother.When I asked her what are the season now 6 she answers that itDs winter now. I donDt know how to helpher. What I have to prepare for\

A% I was sorry to hear about your grandmother. 3ou should remeber that after the initial phase, theremay be changes in her functioning, especially with rehabilitation program. ItDs a vast sub0ect, so you canread about it here :http$ www.stroke.org.uk information after]a]stroke =, and also talk to other people inthe stroke community here :http$ www.imedi+.com troke=

3% Migraine stroke i, IDm 8L years6old male and I have migraines with aura since age


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A torn artery in the brain, causing blood to spill out. This is called a cerebral hemorrhage orhemorrhagic stroke. It often results from high blood pressure.

4lockage of certain small blood vessels inside the brain.

What puts me at a higher risk to have a cerebrovascular accident\

The following factors may put you at a higher risk of having a #>A$

#igarette smoking, cocaine use, or drinking too much alcohol.

2iabetes :high blood sugar=.

3ou or a close family member has had a stroke.

Atherosclerosis :hardening of the arteries= or fatty cholesterol deposits on artery walls.

eart disease, such as coronary artery disease.

igh blood cholesterol :fat=.

igh blood pressure.

What are the signs and symptoms of a cerebrovascular accident\

igns and symptoms of a stroke depend upon the part of the brain affected and how much damageoccurred. 2uring a #>A, you may have numbness :no feeling=, tingling, weakness, or paralysis :cannotmove= on one side of the body. 3ou may have trouble walking, swallowing, talking, or understanding.3our vision :sight= may be blurred or doubled. 3ou may have a severe headache, feel di//y, confused,or pass out. These signs or symptoms may appear within minutes or hours.

ow is a cerebrovascular accident diagnosed\

3ou may have any of the following tests to diagnose #>A$

CT scan:

o This is also called a #AT scan. A special +6ray machine uses a computer to take picturesof your brain. It may be used to look at bones, muscles, brain tissue, and blood vessels.

o 3ou may be given dye before the pictures are taken. The dye is usually given in your I>.

The dye may help your caregiver see the pictures better. (eople who are allergic to iodine orshellfish :lobster, crab, or shrimp= may be allergic to some dyes. Tell the caregiver if you areallergic to shellfish, or have other allergies or medical conditions.

Magnetic resonance imaging: 7sing magnetic waves, this test, also called an "%I, takespictures of your head. An "%I may show the cause of a #>A.

#arotid ultrasonography

Arteriography

ow is a cerebrovascular accident treated\

Treatment of a #>A depends upon the type of stroke$

Ischemic stroke: An ischemic stroke includes strokes caused by a blockage in a blood vessel.

o Anticoagulant medicine: Treatment for an ischemic stroke includes anticoagulantmedicines which are also called blood thinners. This medicine group keeps clots from forming inthe blood.


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o Antiplatelet aggregating medicine: These medicines interact with platelets to preventblood clots from forming. (latelets are a type of blood cell that 0oin to form clots.

o Throm!olytic medicine: This medicine group is used in a stroke caused by a clot in ablood vessel. Thrombolytics break apart clots and restore blood flow.

Hemorrhagic (!leed) stroke: This type of stroke may require surgery.

#an a cerebrovascular accident be prevented\

Take your high blood pressure medicine regularly.

2o not smoke or drink too much alcohol. Alcohol is found in beer, wine, liquor, like vodka orwhiskey, and other adult drinks. 2ifferent people have different ideas about what too much means. Itis important to remember that how often you drink is as important as how much you drink.

If you have atrial fibrillation :an irregular or fast heart beat=, you may need to take antithromboticmedicine. aving a recent heart attack may also require you to take antithrombotics.

Neep your blood cholesterol level in a normal range. Bat foods low in fat to decrease the risk ofdeveloping plaque :fatty deposits= in your blood vessels. If you have hyperlipidemia :high bloodcholesterol level=, talk to your caregiver about ways to lower it.

"onitor and control your blood sugar level if you have diabetes.

Where can I find support and more information\

A cerebrovascular accident :#>A= is a life6changing disease for you and your family. Accepting that youhave had a #>A is hard. 3ou and those close to you may feel angry, sad, or frightened. These feelingsare normal. Talk to your caregivers, family, or friends about your feelings. 3ou may also want to 0oin asupport group. This is a group of people who also had a #>A. #ontact the following for moreinformation$

&ational Institute of &eurological 2isorders and troke(.O. 4o+ 8L;As are the result of atherosclerosis, hypertension or a combination of both.

&re"enting StrokesThe ma0ority of patients with high blood pressure die of heart attack, not strokes. Therefore, medicationshave been shown to have little or no effect in reducing overall cardiovascular mortality in ma0or clinicaltrials. Bven when researchers lumped together all nine of the ma0or hypertensive trials to achieve thestatistical power of very large numbers, no significant trend was noticed in the ability of high bloodpressure medication to reduce the mortality or morbidity of coronary heart disease.

In the 7nited tates, about 1;;,;;; people a year suffer from strokes. !orty percent of these strokesmay be fatal, but the 9; that live are often doomed to a life of suffering and disability. The cost of strokes is not 0ust measured in the billions of dollars lost in work, hospitali/ation and the care of survivors in nursing homes. The ma0or cost or impact of a stroke is the loss of an independent lifestylethat occurs in -; of the survivors. After a stroke, a self6sustaining and en0oyable lifestyle may losemost of its quality as the person can no longer walk, feed or e+press themselves normally. The familymembers find themselves in a new role as caregivers$ it is a true tragedy. What makes this event evenmore heartbreaking is that it never had to happen in the first place.

When patients are given all of the facts, including the real benefits of removing the disease rather thanmerely disguising its e+istence with drugs, they almost invariably choose the natural way to a healthyheart. 2on t be a statistic. 3ou can choose to protect yourself from both heart attacks and strokes.

If you are on medication, the effects of this nutritional program are so decisive that you may find yourself dangerously over6medicated. It is important to work with a competent physician who can lower your dose of medications accordingly as your blood pressure and weight decrease. 4esides office visits, Ialso offer phone consultations for those needing advice on medication ad0ustment that will be necessaryfor those with medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure .

Stroke: signs* symptoms and treatment

What is a stroke\

A stroke :cerebrovascular accident, #>A, cerebral vascular accident or brain attack= occurs when a partof the brain is damaged or destroyed because it is deprived of blood.

Are there different types of strokes\


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There are ) main types of strokes$ ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke.

Ischaemic stroke

Ischaemic stroke is the most common type of stroke and is caused by a blockage of the blood vesselssupplying the brain. This may be due to _hardening and narrowing of the arteries :atherosclerosis= or bya blood clot blocking a blood vessel.

One type of ischaemic stroke is a thrombotic stroke. This is caused by a blood clot :thrombus= in one of the arteries of the head or neck, which severely reduces the blood flow. The thrombus may be a result of a build6up of fatty deposits :plaques= in the blood vessels.

Another type of ischaemic stroke is an embolic stroke :or cerebral embolism=, caused when a blood clotthat forms elsewhere in the body :for e+ample, the chambers of the heart= travels through the circulatorysystem to the brain. The travelling clot is called an embolus.

aemorrhagic stroke

The most severe type of stroke is a haemorrhagic stroke. It occurs when a blood vessel in the brainbursts, allowing blood to leak and cause damage to an area of the brain. There are ) types$subarachnoid haemorrhage, which occurs in the space around the brain@ and an intracerebralhaemorrhage, the more common type, which involves bleeding within the brain tissue itself.

What are the symptoms of a stroke\

The symptoms of a stroke usually appear suddenly. Initially the person may feel sick, and look pale andvery unwell. They may complain of a sudden headache. They may have sudden numbness in their faceor limbs, particularly down one side of their body. They may appear confused and have trouble talking or understanding what is being said to them. They may have vision problems, and trouble walking or keeping their balance. ometimes a sei/ure :fit= or loss of consciousness occurs.

2epending on what function the damaged part of the brain had, a person may lose one or more of thefollowing functions$

ability to perform movements P usually affecting one side of the body@

speech@

part of vision@

co6ordination@

balance@

memory@ and

perception.

Are there any warning signs of stroke\

ome strokes are preceded by mini or temporary strokes P transient ischaemic attacks :TIAs=. "inistrokes occur when there is a temporary blood clot and part of the brain does not get the supply of bloodit needs.

ymptoms occur rapidly and usually last a short time, from a few minutes to a couple of hours. Cike astroke, the symptoms will vary depending on which part of the brain is affected.


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The warning signs

udden weakness or numbness of the face, arm and leg on one side of the body.

Coss of speech, or difficulty talking.

2imness or loss of vision.

7ne+plained di//iness, especially when associated with any of the above signs.

7nsteadiness or sudden falls.

eadache :usually severe and of sudden onset=.

#onfusion.

While the symptoms of a TIA are similar to those of a stroke, they are usually temporary and reversible.

owever, mini strokes should not be ignored as people who have had a temporary stroke are muchmore likely to have a stroke than people of the same age and se+ who have not had a temporary stroke.

It is important that you see your doctor immediately when the warning signs of stroke occur. 3our doctor will determine whether a stroke, a mini stroke or another medical condition with similar symptoms hasoccurred, such as a sei/ure or migraine.

What are the risk factors for a stroke\

The older you get, the greater the risk of having a stroke, however, a significant number of young andmiddle6aged people also have strokes. "en are also more likely to have a stroke, as are people withdiabetes. (eople who have had a previous stroke are also more likely to have another one.

#igarette smoking, e+cessive alcohol intake, being overweight and raised blood cholesterol increase therisk of high blood pressure and artery disease, which in turn increase the risk of having a stroke. trokeis a vascular disease, and so shares many risk factors with coronary vascular disease :also known ascoronary artery disease=.

Another risk factor is a type of irregular heartbeat known as atrial fibrillation :A!=. Also, somemedications can increase stroke risk.

ow can I reduce my risk of a stroke\

The physical changes that cause a stroke usually take place over many years. ome people are bornwith a higher risk of having a stroke. Age, se+, race and having had a prior stroke are risk factors thatcan t be changed.

igh blood pressure, heart disease, mini strokes :TIAs= and the build6up of fatty deposits and cholesterolon the artery walls :atherosclerosis= are risk factors that can be reduced by changes to your lifestyle andgood medical care.

ow to reduce your risk of stroke

>isit your doctor regularly for blood pressure checks and appropriate medication.

top smoking.

%educe alcohol intake.


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B+ercise regularly. B+ercise strengthens the heart and improves circulation. It will also help you tolose e+cess weight.

Bat a healthy diet.

#ontrol your blood cholesterol.

#ontrol your diabetes, if you have it.

ow is a stroke diagnosed\

#onfirmation of diagnosis and initial treatment of strokes almost always takes place in a hospital. Anearly diagnosis is made by evaluating symptoms, reviewing your medical history and conducting tests.

Tests that may be recommended

#omputerised tomography :#T= scan$ a special 56ray which produces )6 or -6dimensional

pictures of any part of the body.

"agnetic resonance imaging :"%I= scan$ this test uses a large magnet, low6energy radio wavesand a computer to produce )6 or -6dimensional pictures of the body.

ow is a stroke treated\

If a stroke has occurred, treatment should begin as soon as the stroke is diagnosed to ensure that nofurther damage to the brain occurs. Initially, the doctor may administer o+ygen and insert an intravenousdrip to provide the affected person with adequate nutrients and fluids.

In cases of ischaemic stroke, it is common to give aspirin to reduce the risk of death or of a secondstroke.

If the cause of the stroke was a clot, it is possible that the quick administration of certain clot6dissolvingdrugs, such as alteplase, may prevent some symptoms such as paralysis. owever, this is not a suitabletreatment for all strokes, and can increase the risk of haemorrhagic stroke, so there are strict guidelinesdetermining the circumstances in which it should be used.

Once a stroke has permanently damaged the brain, the damage canDt be undone. owever, many

symptoms can improve considerably in the days following a stroke, because the areas of brain on theperiphery of the stroke can recover. Also, your doctor will suggest ways to prevent a future stroke,including modifying your lifestyle to minimise your risks of stroke, and taking medications.

2epending on the type and cause of the stroke, anticoagulant drugs :_blood thinners = may beprescribed to help prevent new blood clots from forming, in order to prevent a future stroke. B+amplesinclude aspirin, aspirin plus dipyridamole :Asasantin=, clopidogrel :e.g. (lavi+= and warfarin :#oumadinor "arevan=.

Where there is a blockage in a neck artery, surgery may be performed to remove the build6up of plaquein order to prevent a future stroke. This operation is called a carotid endarterectomy.

%ehabilitation following a stroke

uccessful rehabilitation following a stroke depends on many factors, including the e+tent of braindamage, attitude, the skill of the rehabilitation team and the support of family and friends. As a result of advances in treatment and rehabilitation, many people who have had a stroke are able to live full lives.!or some, recovery takes only a few weeks while for others it may take months or even years.


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trokes affect people in different ways depending on the type of stroke and area of the brain affected.Often old skills have been lost, so new ones will need to be learned. It is also important to maintain andimprove physical condition whenever possible. %ehabilitation should begin as soon after a stroke aspossible and may continue at home.

%ehabilitation may consist of various types of therapy including$

physiotherapy to improve muscle control, co6ordination and balance@

speech therapy to retrain facial muscles and language, and help with feeding and swallowingdisorders@ and

occupational therapy to improve handUeye co6ordination and skills needed for daily living tasks, suchas bathing and cooking.

!amily is also important in the rehabilitation process. !amily members will probably be asked to help theperson regain lost skills by encouraging them to use the affected arm or leg, helping them with their speech or teaching them how to do tasks which may have been forgotten, such as combing their hair or

using a cup, knife and fork.

Stroke

4ookmark M hare (rinter6friendly version

A stroke occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain stops. A stroke is sometimes called a ?brainattack.?

If blood flow is cut off for longer than a few seconds, the brain cannot get nutrients and o+ygen. 4raincells can die, causing lasting damage.

#auses

There are two ma0or types of stroke$

Ischemic stroke

emorrhagic stroke

Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot.This may happen in two ways$

A clot may form in an artery that is already very narrow. This is called a thrombotic stroke .

A clot may break off from another place in the blood vessels of the brain, or from some other partof the body, and travel up to the brain. This is called cerebral embolism, or an embolic stroke .

Ischemic strokes may also be caused by a sticky substance called plaque that can clog arteries.

Watch this video about$ troke

Watch this video about$ troke 6 secondary to cardiogenic embolism
http://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?pub=medlineplus&title=MedlinePlus:%20Trusted%20Health%20Information%20for%20Youhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000726.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000123.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000124.htmhttp://www.addthis.com/bookmark.php?pub=medlineplus&title=MedlinePlus:%20Trusted%20Health%20Information%20for%20Youhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000726.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000123.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000124.htm


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A hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in part of the brain becomes weak and bursts open.This causes blood to leak into the brain. ome people have defects in the blood vessels of the brain thatmake this more likely. These defects may include$

Aneurysm

Arteriovenous malformation :A>"=

emorrhagic strokes may also occur when someone is taking blood thinners, such as warfarin:#oumadin=. >ery high blood pressure may cause blood vessels to burst, leading to hemorrhagic stroke.

An ischemic stroke can develop bleeding and become a hemorrhagic stroke.

igh blood pressure is the main risk factor for strokes . The other ma0or risk factors are$

Atrial fibrillation

2iabetes

!amily history of stroke

igh cholesterol

Increasing age, especially after age 88

%ace :black people are more likely to die of a stroke=

troke risk is also higher in$

(eople who have heart disease or poor blood flow in their legs caused by narrowed arteries

(eople who have unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, a high fat diet, and lack of e+ercise

Women who take birth control pills :especially those who smoke and are older than -8=

ymptoms

The symptoms of stroke depend on which part of the brain is damaged. In some cases, a person maynot know that a stroke has occurred.

"ost of the time, symptoms develop suddenly and without warning. owever, symptoms may occur onand off for the first day or two. ymptoms are usually most severe when the stroke first happens, butthey may slowly get worse.

A headache may occur if the stroke is caused by bleeding in the brain. The headache$

tarts suddenly and may be severe

"ay be worse when you are lying flat

Wakes you up from sleep

Eets worse when you change positions or when you bend, strain, or cough

Other symptoms depend on how severe the stroke is and what part of the brain is affected. ymptomsmay include$

#hange in alertness :including sleepiness, unconsciousness, and coma=
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000468.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007418.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002393.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000468.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007418.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002393.htm


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#hanges in hearing

#hanges in taste

#hanges that affect touch and the ability to feel pain, pressure, or different temperatures

#lumsiness

#onfusion or loss of memory

2ifficulty swallowing

2ifficulty writing or reading

2i//iness or abnormal feeling of movement :vertigo=

Byesight problems, such as decreased vision, double vision, or total loss of vision

Cack of control over the bladder or bowels

Coss of balance

Coss of coordination

"uscle weakness in the face, arm, or leg :usually 0ust on one side=

&umbness or tingling on one side of the body

(ersonality, mood, or emotional changes Trouble speaking or understanding others who are speaking

Trouble walking

B+ams and Tests

The doctor will do a physical e+am to$

#heck for problems with vision, movement, feeling, refle+es, understanding, and speaking. 3our doctor and nurses will repeat this e+am over time to see if your stroke is getting worse or improving.

Cisten for an abnormal sound, called a ?bruit,? when using a stethoscope to listen to the carotidarteries in the neck. A bruit is caused by abnormal blood flow.

#heck for high blood pressure

3ou may have the following tests to help find the type, location, and cause of the stroke and rule outother disorders$

Angiogram of the head to look for a blood vessel that is blocked or bleeding

#arotid duple+ :ultrasound= to see if the carotid arteries in your neck have narrowed

Bchocardiogram to see if the stroke could have been caused by a blood clot from the heart

"agnetic resonance angiography :"%A= or #T angiography to check for abnormal blood vesselsin the brain


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Other tests include$

4lood tests

Blectrocardiogram :B#E= and heart rhythm monitoring

Treatment

A stroke is a medical emergency. `uick treatment is needed. #all J


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Over half of people who have a stroke are able to function and live at home. Others are not able to carefor themselves.

If treatment with clot6busting drugs is successful, the symptoms of a stroke may go away. owever,patients often do not get to the hospital soon enough to receive these drugs, or they cannot take thesedrugs because of a health condition.

(eople who have a stroke due to a blood clot :ischemic stroke= have a better chance of surviving than

those who have a stroke due to bleeding in the brain :hemorrhagic stroke=.

The risk for a second stroke is highest during the weeks or months after the first stroke. The risk beginsto decrease after this period.

When to #ontact a "edical (rofessional

troke is a medical emergency that needs to be treated right away. #all your local emergency number :such as Jeri"ed ealthcare &etwork. Also reviewed by 2avid ieve, "2, " A, IslaOgilvie, (h2, and the A.2.A.". Bditorial team.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007418.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007418.htm


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#erebrovascular accident is a very serious condition in which the brain is not receiving enough o+ygento function properly. A cerebrovascular accident is also called #>A , brain attack , cerebral

infarction or stroke . A cerebrovascular accident often results in permanent serious complications and disability and is a

common cause of death . #erebrovascular accidents are the second leading cause of death worldwideand the third leading cause of death in the 7. ., according to the American eart Association.

The brain requires a steady supply of o+ygen in order to pump blood effectively to all of the body.O+ygen is supplied to the brain in the blood that flows through arteries. In a cerebrovascular accident,

one or more of these arteries becomes blocked or ruptures or begins to leak. This deprives a portion of the brain of vital o+ygen6rich blood. This damage can become permanent within minutes and result in

the death of the affected brain tissue. This is called cerebral necrosis.There are two types of cerebrovascular accidents. An ischemic cerebrovascular accident occurs when

a brain artery has been blocked. A hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident occurs when an arteryruptures or leaks.

There are three primary causes of cerebrovascular accidents$ cerebral thrombosis , cerebral embolism

and cerebral hemorrhage . A cerebrovascular accident caused by a cerebral thrombosis is the result of a build6up of plaque and

inflammation in the arteries, called atherosclerosis . This process narrows the brain arteries and lowersthe amount of o+ygen6rich blood that reaches the brain tissue. Arteries narrowed by atherosclerosis are

more likely to develop a blood clot that completely blocks blood flow to an area of the brain. %iskfactors for atherosclerosis include having high cholesterol , diabetes , and hypertension .

#erebrovascular accident cause by a cerebral embolism occurs when a clot forms in another part of the body and travels in the bloodstream to a brain artery, blocking the flow of blood to the brain. A

cerebrovascular accident caused by cerebral hemorrhage occurs when a brain artery breaks or leaksblood into the surrounding brain tissue.

The e+tent of the damage done to the brain and resulting symptoms of a cerebrovascular accident varydepending on the type, the area or areas of the brain affected, and how much time passes before the

cerebrovascular accident is treated. #omplications of cerebrovascular accident include permanentneurological damage, disability and death . !or more information on key hallmark symptoms and other

complications, refer to symptoms of cerebrovascular accident .%isk factors for a cerebrovascular accident include a having hypertension , heart disease , diabetes ,high

cholesterol and obesity . Other risk factors include being of African6American ancestry, being male,drinking e+cessive amounts of alcohol, smoking and having a family history of heart disease or

cerebrovascular accident. aving a brain aneurysm puts a person at an e+treme risk for a hemorrhagiccerebrovascular accident.

"aking a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident includes completing a complete medical evaluationand history and physical e+amination, including a neurological e+amination. This is often done in an

emergency room.

2iagnostic testing includes imaging tests, such as a #T or "%I and cerebral angiogram of the brain. A

cerebral angiogram is an imaging test that reveals obstructed or narrowed arteries in the brain and canshow blood flow or obstruction through the arteries of the brain.
http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical-dictionary/cva.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/s/stroke/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebral_infarction.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebral_infarction.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/s/stroke/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebral_thrombosis.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cerebral_hemorrhage/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebral_thrombosis.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/atherosclerosis/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/atherosclerosis/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/animations/blood-clot.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/atherosclerosis/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cholesterol/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/diabetes/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/h/hypertension/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cerebral_hemorrhage/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/disability/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cerebrovascular_accident/symptoms.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/h/hypertension/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/h/heart_disease/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/diabetes/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cholesterol/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cholesterol/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/o/obesity/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/h/heart_disease/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cerebral_aneurysm/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical-dictionary/cva.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/s/stroke/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebral_infarction.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebral_infarction.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/s/stroke/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebral_thrombosis.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cerebral_hemorrhage/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/medical/cerebral_thrombosis.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/atherosclerosis/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/atherosclerosis/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/animations/blood-clot.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/a/atherosclerosis/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cholesterol/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/diabetes/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/h/hypertension/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cerebral_hemorrhage/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/disability/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/death/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cerebrovascular_accident/symptoms.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/h/hypertension/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/h/heart_disease/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/d/diabetes/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cholesterol/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cholesterol/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/o/obesity/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/h/heart_disease/intro.htmhttp://www.rightdiagnosis.com/c/cerebral_aneurysm/intro.htm


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A battery of other tests are also performed to evaluate for other conditions that commonly occur with acerebrovascular accident, such as heart disease and cardiac arrhythmia .

It is possible that a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident can be missed or delayed because thesymptoms may be mild and be similar to symptoms of other conditions and diseases. !or more

information about diseases and conditions that can mimic a cerebrovascular accident, refer tomisdiagnosis of cerebrovascular accident .

If caught early, some cerebrovascular accidents can be successfully treated before the development of permanent brain damage and complications. !or more information on specific treatment plans, refer

to treatment of cerebrovascular accident . ... more '

Stroke symptoms: There are various causes of stroke6like symptoms including stroke , transient

ischemic attacks :mini6strokes= and several other serious conditions. troke is a ... more about trokesymptoms .

Cere!ro"ascular accident: Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted and results incell in0ury and death. "ore detailed information about the symptoms , causes , and treatments of

#erebrovascular accident is available below.

Cere!ro"ascular accident: Symptoms

ymptoms of a cerebrovascular accident differ depending on a variety of factors, including the causeand the type and si/e of the area of the brain that is affected. In some cases, symptoms may be mild

and only include weakness , di//iness or headache . ymptoms such as these may also be warningsymptoms of an impending cerebrovascular accident. These symptoms can ... more symptoms '

Cere!ro"ascular accident: Treatments

The most effective cerebrovascular accident treatment plan uses a multifaceted approach. Thisincludes preventive care aimed at minimi/ing the risk factors for having a cerebrovascular accident or

a recurrent cerebrovascular accident. (reventive measures include regular medical care to monitor and address such risk factors as high cholesterol , obesity, smoking, diabetes ,hypertension and ... moretreatments '

Cere!ro"ascular accident: MisdiagnosisIn some cases a diagnosis of cerebrovascular accident may be overlooked or delayed becausesymptoms of cerebrovascular accident or of a transient ischemic attack may be mild or vague.

ymptoms may also be similar to symptoms of other less serious conditions, such as aging, migraineheadache , vertigo , orthostatic hypotension, acoustic neuroma , ... more misdiagnosis '

Symptoms o$ Cere!ro"ascular accident

Click to Check

2rooping of face 2ifficulty talking or swallowing (aralysis (aresthesia (ersonality change more symptoms...'

%ead more about symptoms of #erebrovascular accident
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Treatments $or Cere!ro"ascular accident

ymptomatic support (hysiotherapy peech therapy Treatment of underlying medical conditions more treatments...'

%ead more about treatments for #erebrovascular accident

Home 0iagnostic Testing

ome medical testing related to #erebrovascular accident$

7er"e 7europathy: Related Home Testing:o ome 2iabetes Test Nitso ome 4lood Elucose Testing Nits

more...'

4rongly 0iagnosed .ith Cere!ro"ascular accident6

"isdiagnosis of #erebrovascular accident

Cere!ro"ascular accident: Related &atient Stories

!irefighter suffers #>A, misdiagnosed for a year...

Cere!ro"ascular accident: Complications

%ead more about complications of #erebrovascular accident.

Causes o$ Cere!ro"ascular accident

ypertension, systemic neddon6#hampion syndrome #oronary angiography aemophilia type A >asculitis more causes...'ee full list of 1< causes of #erebrovascular accident

%ead more about causes of #erebrovascular accident ."ore information about causes of #erebrovascular accident$

"edical news summaries relating to #auses of #erebrovascular accident

0isease Topics Related To Cere!ro"ascular accident

%esearch the causes of these diseases that are similar to, or related to, #erebrovascular accident$

>isual field deficits 2iplopia 2ysarthria Ata+ia >ertigo Aphasia
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more related diseases...'

Cere!ro"ascular accident: 8ndiagnosed Conditions

#ommonly undiagnosed diseases in related medical categories$

Brain 9 7eurological 0isorders: 8ndiagnosed:o Adult A2 2 66 7ndiagnosed 6 A2 2 can be undiagnosed in adults.o A2 2 66 7ndiagnosedo Al/heimer 2isease 66 7ndiagnosedo "igraine 66 7ndiagnosedo #oncentration 2isorders 66 7ndiagnosedo troke 66 7ndiagnosedo 4ipolar 2isorder 66 7ndiagnosedo chi/ophrenia 66 7ndiagnosedo Bpilepsy 66 7ndiagnosed

more undiagnosed conditions...'

Misdiagnosis and Cere!ro"ascular accident

8ndiagnosed stroke leads to misdiagnosed aphasia $ 44# &ews 7N reported on a man who hadbeen institutionali/ed and treated for mental illness because he suffered from... read more '

Al,heimer s disease o"er;diagnosed $ The well6known disease of Al/heimerDs disease is often over6diagnosed. (atients tend to assume that any memory loss or forgetulness symptom might be

Al/heimerDs, whereas there are many other less severe... read more '

0ementia may !e a drug interaction $ A common scenario in aged care is for a patient to showmental decline to dementia . Whereas this can, of course, occur due to various... read more '

Tremor need not !e &arkinson s disease $ There is the tendency to believe that any tremor symptom,

or shakiness , means (arkinsonDs disease . The reality is that... read more '

Mild traumatic !rain in


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%esearch related physicians and medical specialists$

7er"e Specialists:o &euromusculoskeletal "edicineo &eurology :4rain #& pecialists=o (ediatric &eurology :#hild 4rain pecialist=o pinal #ord In0ury "edicine

7eurology (Brain=C7S Specialists):o (ediatric &eurosurgery :#hild &eurosurgeon=o #linical &europhysiologyo &eurodevelopment 2isabilitieso &eurosurgery :4rain urgery=o &euromusculoskeletal "edicine :&erve "uscle 4one pecialists=o &euroradiologyo >ascular &eurologyo &europathologyo Otology &eurotology :Bar earing pecialists=

Stroke 9 #ascular Specialists:o >ascular &eurology :4rain 4lood >essels=o >ascular M Interventional %adiologyo >ascular urgery :4lood >essel urgeon=o &europathology :4rain 2iagnostics=

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Other doctor, physician and specialist research services$

%ate 3our 2octor Online %esearch 3our 2octor Online %eview (atient urveys About 3our 2octor %esearch local specialists including ratings, affiliations, and sanctions.

Hospitals 9 Clinics: Cere!ro"ascular accident

%esearch quality ratings and patient safety measures for medical facilities in specialties related to

#erebrovascular accident$

enior ealth 66 ospital ùality %atings &ursing omes M Aged #are !acilities 66 ùality %atings more hospital ratings...'

ospital M #linic quality ratings '

Choosing the Best Hospital: "ore general information, not necessarily in relation to #erebrovascular

accident, on hospital performance and surgical care quality$ 8; 4est ospitals %eport Outstanding (atient B+perience Award Winning ospitals WomenDs ealth 4est ospitals (atient afety ospital ùality and #linical B+cellence tudy :);;J=

Cere!ro"ascular accident: Rare Types

%are types of diseases and disorders in related medical categories$

Brain 9 7eurological 0isorders: Rare Types:
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o Adult A2 2 66 %are Typeso A2 2 66 %are Typeso Al/heimer 2isease 66 %are Typeso "igraine 66 %are Typeso #oncentration 2isorders 66 %are Typeso troke 66 %are Typeso 4ipolar 2isorder 66 %are Typeso chi/ophrenia 66 %are Typeso Bpilepsy 66 %are Types

more rare diseases...'

"idence Based Medicine Research $or Cere!ro"ascular accident

"edical research articles related to #erebrovascular accident include$

2o you start aspirin and dipyridamole straight after a TIA or should one wait for a #T scan\ Anticoagulants for preventing recurrence following presumed non6cardioembolic ischaemic stroke

or transient ischaemic attack After a TIA or transient visual loss due to embolus for how long should the patient continue with

dipyridamole\ &etwork meta6analysis$ simultaneous meta6analysis of common antiplatelet regimens after

transient ischaemic attack or stroke (rognosis in patients with transient ischaemic attack :TIA= and minor stroke attending TIA

services in the &orth West of Bngland$ the &O%T TA% tudy more research...'

#lick here to find more evidence6based articles on the T%I( 2atabase

Cere!ro"ascular accident: Animations

troke

&ormal vs. Al/heimerDs 4rains "ore #erebrovascular accident animations M videos

Research a!out Cere!ro"ascular accident

>isit our research pages for current research about #erebrovascular accident treatments .

Clinical Trials $or Cere!ro"ascular accident
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The 7 based website #linicalTrials.gov lists information on both federally and privately supportedclinical trials using human volunteers.

ome of the clinical trials listed on #linicalTrials.gov for #erebrovascular accident include$ afety and Bffectiveness of &536;8J for the Treatment of (atients Who ave uffered !rom a

troke 6 This study is currently recruiting patients :#urrent$ )- &ov );;9= 6 &536;8J

Acute #andesartan #ile+etil Outcomes troke Trial :A##O T= 6 This study is currently recruitingpatients :#urrent$ )- &ov );;9= 6 #andesartan Bvaluation of the TA%!le+ eptal #losure ystem in (atients With a troke or TIA 2ue to the

(ossible (assage of #lot of 7nknown Origin Through a (atent !oramen Ovale :(!O= 6 This studyis currently recruiting patients :#urrent$ )- &ov );;9=

4rain and #oordination #hanges Induced 4y %obotics and !B Treatment !ollowing troke 6This study is currently recruiting patients :#urrent$ )- &ov );;9=

Outcomes of wallowing %ehabilitation After troke 6 This study has been completed :#urrent$ )-&ov );;9=

more trials...'

ee full list of 11; #linical Trials for #erebrovascular accident

Cere!ro"ascular accident: Broader Related Topics

#irculatory system conditions 4rain conditions ead conditions #erebrovascular conditions &ervous system conditions more types...'

Types of #erebrovascular accident

Cere!ro"ascular accident Message Boards

%elated forums and medical stories$

Brain Conditions :)LL=o arachnoid cysto (ain (ressure in back of head when I laugho

?ice (ick? eadacheso !luid running down back of my head feelingo vertigo Z other symptomso "ore user stories

8ser Interacti"e 5orums

%ead about other e+periences, ask a question about #erebrovascular accident, or answer someoneelseDs question, on our message boards$

I can not get a diagnosis. (lease help. Tell us your medical story. hare your misdiagnosis story. What is the best treatment for this\ ee all the forums.

0e$initions o$ Cere!ro"ascular accident:

A sudden, nonconvulsive loss of neurologic function due to an ischemic or hemorrhagic intracranial

vascular event. In general, cerebrovascular accidents are classified by anatomic location in the brain,
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