diet and cardio vascular risk factors

8/13/2019 Diet and Cardio Vascular Risk Factors

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Dr Sabine Genty

Technip Corporate Doctor

50% of the worlds population live in cities. The rise of Cardio

Vascular Diseases (CVD) has been linked to progressive

urbanization and the globalization of unhealthy lifestylesexacerbated by urban life.

Today Technip will inform you on how to prevent CVD through

simple life and dietary rules.

Technip World Health DayNovember, 21 2013

Diet and Cardio Vascular Risk Factors


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Edgar Pushparatnam

Group QHSE Director

Technip World Health DayDiet and Cardio Vascular Risk Factors

The Health and Safety of our people is

a core value and an absolute

commitment. (Technip HSE Policy)

While you may have heard many

messages to keep us safe, we need to

be also reminded that we need to stay

healthy. Do we invest enough to be

knowledgeable in these aspects to

maintain our health?

A healthy life style, a good work- life

balance, sports and an appropriate diet

are the key!

This booklet has been compiled by theMedical Department to help us learn

about how we can reduce the

incidences of Cardio Vascular Diseases.

It covers the food we should eat, the

risk profile and other very interesting

general information. Please find the time

to study it.

I found it useful and I am sure you will!

Thank You


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Technip World Health Day Diet & CVD risk factors

Technip World Health DayDiet & Cardio Vascular Risk Factors

Contents

TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE 4

IN THE WORLD 6

WHO campaign 2013 control your blood pressure 7

WHAT ARE THE MAIN RISK FACTORS 8

CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES (CVD) 10Coronary & peripheral artery diseases 10

Heart attacks 11

Stroke disease 12

CALCULATE WHAT YOUR RISK IS 14

Body Mass Index (BMI) 14

Framingham Score 15

WOMEN & CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES 16

CARDIO VASCULAR-HEALTHY DIET 17

Diet and Cardio Vascular disease 17

8 steps to prevent CVD 18

TEST RESULTS 22

INTERNET LINKS FOR MORE INFORMATION 24

The aim of this booklet is to improve

understanding of an unhealthy diet as one of

the most important Cardio-Vascular risk

factors.


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1. Which is not a type of cardiovascular disease

A. Varicose veins

B. High Blood pressureC. Cellulitis

D. Stroke

2. Cardiovascular disease kills far more men and women than

cancer

A. True

B. False

3. Risk factors and symptoms of cardiovascular disease are

identical for men and women

A. True

B. False

4. Cardiovascular disease is hereditary and cannot be

preventedA. True

B. False

5. Skipping breakfast is a good way to lose weight

A. True

B. False

6. Which one is the bad cholesterolA. LDL cholesterol

B. HDL cholesterol

C. Total cholesterol

7. At what age should you start getting checked for CVD if you

are healthy adult?

A. 20

B. 30C. 40

D. 50

Test your knowledge


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8. Saturated fat can raise your cholesterol level and increase

your risk of CVD. Which of these is a saturated fat?

A. Olive oilB. Flax oil

C. Butter

D. Rapeseed Oil

9. Certain food help you burn fat

A. True

B. False

10. You dont need to worry about your childrens CVD risk until

they are at least 18

A. True

B. False

11. CVD is the number 1 health threat to postmenopausal women

A. TrueB. False

12. Eating a diet that includes plenty of pasta, potatoes and

white rice can reduce your risk of heart disease

A. True

B. False

13. How many glasses of alcoholic beverages harm your health?A. >3/day

B. >5/day

14. The French enjoy a 42% lower incidence of heart disease

than Americans because they drink red wine

A. True

B. False

See answers page 22 and 23

Test your knowledge


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In the World (1/2)

Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVDs) are the numberONE

cause of death globally: more people die annually fromCVDs than from any other cause

An estimated 17.3 million people died from CVDs in

2008, representing 30% of all global deaths. Of these

deaths, an estimated 7.3 million were due to coronary

heart disease and 6.2 million were due to stroke(source: World Health Organization 03/2013)

80% of CVD deaths take place in low- and middle-

income countries

The number of people who die from CVDs, mainly from

heart disease and stroke, will increase to reach 23.3

million by 2030

CVDs and deaths occur almost equally in men andwomen. Younger women who have heart attack have

higher mortality than men of the same age

Most cardiovascular diseases are caused by risk

factors that can be controlled, treated or modified

such as unhealthy diet and obesity, raised lipids, physical

inactivity, diabetes, high blood pressure and tobacco use

Most of Technip employees live and work in urban

areas that may engenderunhealthy lifestyles, a poordiet and a lack of physical activity


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In the World (2/2)

April 2, 2013 = High blood pressure

contributes to more than 9 million deaths

every year, including about half of all deaths

due to heart disease and stroke.

Cut your risk of developing high blood

pressure by: cutting down on salt, eating

a balanced diet, avoiding harmful use ofalcohol, doing regular physical activity and

avoiding tobacco use. These will also

reduce your cardio vascular risk factors

40% of adults aged 25 and over have

raised blood pressure (2008)

WHO Internet link = http://www.who.int/campaigns/world-

health-day/2013/event/en/

WHO World Health Day 2013: Control your blood pressure


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An unhealthy diet

increases the risk of

cardio-vascular and non-

communicable diseases

Physical inactivity: a

sedentary lifestyle with

no or irregular physical

activity less than 1/2h

walk/day

Harmful use of alcohol:

WHO definition is

consumption of more

than 3 glasses for menand 2 glasses for women

per day

Use of tobacco

What are the main risk factors ? (1/2)

The most important behavioral risk factors

of heart and cerebrovascular diseases are:


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High blood pressure is acondition in which the pressure of

the blood against your artery walls

is high enough to cause possible

CVDs

Diabetes is a conditioncharacterized by hyperglycemia

resulting from the body's inability toregulate the blood glucose level

Age & gender

Personal and family medical

history & genetics

Others: stress, sleep disorders,

etc.

Other risk factors can interconnected,

such as:

What are the main risk factors ? (2/2)

Behavioral risk factors are responsible for about80% of coronary heart and cerebrovascular disease(source World Heart Organization)

Blood pressure apparatus, to

test blood pressure level

Glucometer to test glucose

blood level

Blood pressure In mmHgNormal 140/90

If diabetic 130/90

Normal Glucose blood level

126 mg/dl or 7,0 mmol/l


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What is it?

Long-term development,

characterized by deposit of fattymaterial on the inner walls of arteries

That cause, ischemia, the arteries

narrow and blood flow is restricted

artery vessel

How does it happen?

Reduction in the flow of oxygen-rich

blood to organsWhat are the effects?

Potential blood clot in coronary artery

(heart attack), brain (stroke) or limbs

(necrosis)

Cardio Vascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis

Heart Attack

What is it? Acute event due to

atherosclerosis/clot in the

coronary arteries

How does it happen?

The blood flow is cut off to

a section of heart muscle

How to care? Treatment is to dissolve the

clot and re-open the artery

Coronary artery and peripheral artery diseases arecaused by atherosclerosis, that develops in the walls

of blood vessels supplying the heart, brain and/or

arms and legs over many years.

Coronary & peripheral artery diseases

Normal Artery

Atherosclerosis

Arteryinner

Fatty deposit

Coronary

Artery

BlockedBlood

flow

Fatty

deposit

Dead Heart Muscle


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Pain or discomfort in the center of

the chest

Pain or discomfort in the arms, the

left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back

Difficulty in breathing or shortness

of breath

Feeling sick or vomiting Feeling light-headed or faint

Breaking into a cold sweat

Becoming pale

Most common symptoms*

Risk factors are the same in men and women,

but symptoms can be slightly different(not exhaustive list of symptoms)

Heart Attacks

Men

Chest discomfort

Uncomfortable

pressure

Arm pain

Shortness of breath

Women

Nausea / vomiting

Jaw and/or back pain

Palpitations

Flu-like symptoms

Anxiety, fatigue,emotional stress

* Symptoms could occur one by one or together, intensity could differ


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Stroke Disease (1/2)

Cerebro-vascular diseases are a group of

disorders of blood vessels supplying the brain Stroke

Hemorrhagic = when a blood vessel ruptures and prevents bloodflow to the brain (less common)

Ischemic = when a clot obstructs the flow of blood to the brain

generally caused by atherosclerosis

Sometimes, the blockage is temporary = ministroke or Transcient

Ischemic Attack (TIA) which can then become an ischemic stroke

What is it?

Acute event, due to fatty

deposits on the inner walls of

the blood vessels

How does it happen?

It is caused by a blockage of

the blood flow to a section of

the brain

Different types of Stroke

Hemorrhagic

Stroke

Blood vessel

rupture

Ischemic

Stroke

Blood leaks into

brain tissue

Blood clots stop

the flow of blood

Damaged

brain area

Blood

vessel

Bloodclot


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Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, and/or leg,

most often on one side of the body

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding

Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Sudden difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or

coordination;

Sudden severe headache with no known cause

Fainting or unconsciousness.

Most common symptoms

Remember F.A.S.T and act

Stroke disease (2)


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Calculate what your risk is (1/2)

< 18.5 =Thinness

>25 = Overweight

BMI = Body Mass Index

To calculate your BMI

18.5 < Normal < 25

>30 = Obesity


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Calculate what your risk is (2/2)

Calculate your score To define

Age years

Gender F M

Total Cholesterol (or LDL) mmol/L

HDL Cholesterol ... mmol/L

Smoker YES NO

Diabetes YES NO

Blood Pressure mm Hg

Are you being treated for High Blood pressure

YOUR SCORE

Do not hesitate to ask to your MD for more information

Other web page are available:

http://www.mdcalc.com/framingham-coronary-heart-disease-risk-score-si-

units/

The Framingham Score is a gender-specific algorithm

used to estimate the 10-year cardiovascular risk of an

individual

Everybody can estimate their 10-year cardiovascular risk on

the following web page:

http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/coronary.html

Framinghamheartstudy.org

The only information you need before are the last blood test

results (Total & HDL cholesterol ) and your blood pressure.

Example of table above, you can enter you result in the last

column.

Points

Framingham Score


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Women & Cardio Vascular Diseases

Women and CVD, the fact are:

Women in low- and middle-income countries who developCVD are more likely to die from it than comparable womenin industrialized nations

Women with diabetes have higher CVD mortality rates thanmen with diabetes

Women are more likely than men to become more disabled

by stroke Educating women greatly increases their willingness and

ability to take heart-protective action, for themselves andtheir families

There are steps women can take to protect their hearts,these include:

ensuring a healthy food intake

maintaining a healthy weight engaging in physical exercise

and stopping smoking

As the symptoms can be different, CVDs are under-

estimated in women. Women are under-diagnosed and

under-treated. Studies show that younger women who haveheart attacks have higher mortality than men of the same

age. It is important to be aware that risk factors are the

same for men and women.

Number 1 killer of women = 8.6 million/year


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The role of diet is crucial in the development and

prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Diet is one of the key things you can change that

will impact all other cardiovascular risk factors.

Cardio Vascular-Healthy Diet

Diet and cardiovascular disease

4 Have regular meals

9 Eat 5 portions of fruit and vegetable a day

10 Cut down on fat, especially saturated fat

1 Eat less salt

2 Eat more fish

8 Keep an eye on portion sizes

3 Swap your snacks

5 Think about drinks

6 Be a savvy shopper

7 Eat smart when eating out

10 ways to protect your heart & brainfrom cardio vascular diseases:


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Heart-Healthy Diet (1/4)8 steps to prevent CVDs

Incorporate these 8 tips into your life

Find that heart-healthy eating is both feasible and enjoyable

1. Limit unhealthy fats and cholesterol

Limiting saturated fats (


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Incorporate these 8 tips into your lifeFind that heart-healthy eating is both feasible and enjoyable

Fresh or frozen

vegetables and fruits,

low-sodium canned

vegetables, canned fruit

packed in juice or water

Coconut, vegetables with

creamy sauces, fried &

crumbed vegetables, canned

fruit packed in heavy syrup,

frozen fruit with sugar added

Good source of vitamins and minerals

Low in calories and rich in dietary fiber

White, refined flour, white

bread, muffins, frozen

waffles, com bread, quickbreads, biscuits, cakes,

pies, egg noodles, high-fat

snack crackers

Whole-wheat flour, whole-

grain bread, high-fiber

cereal, whole grains (brownrice, barley & buckwheat

(kasha), whole-grain pasta,

oatmeal, ground flaxseed

3. Eat more vegetables and fruits

4. Select whole grains

Good sources of fiber

Good nutrients which help in regulating blood pressure


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Herbs & spices, salt substitutes,

reduced-salt canned soups or

prepared meals, reduced-salt

versions of condiments

Table salt

Canned soups & prepared

foods, such as frozen

dinners

5. Reduce the sodium in your food

Eating fast

Eating until you feel full

Dont overload your plate

Monitor serving sizes until

you are comfortable with

your judgment

6. Control your portion size

Need to know how much you should eat

Portions served in restaurant are often over-generous

For healthy adults, sodium 2,3mg a day (a tea spoon)

People 51yo and/or with High Blood Pressure, sodium 1,5mg a day


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Use the 6 strategies

above & create daily

menus, select vegetables,

fruits & whole grains, add

variety to your menus,watch your portion sizes

No diversification in your

plate, same menus every

day, only sugar, burgers

and fatty meats, only

potatoes, candies, pies,biscuits, etc.

7. Plan ahead: Create daily menus

Deviate from your heart-

healthy diet too much:

overindulgence should bethe exception

Exceptions are allowed, a

balance must be found to

maintain progress in thelong term, healthy eating is

enjoyable

8. Allow yourself an occasional treat

You know now what is healthy diet for your heart and corps

Need to know how much you should eat

Portions served in restaurant often more than anyone needs


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1. Which is not a type of cardiovascular diseaseC. Cellulitis

CVD is any condition that affects the heart (cardio) or the blood vessels

(vascular). Varicose veins is indeed a type of CVD. Cellulitis is a bacterial

infection of the skin, not related to CV

2. Cardiovascular disease kills far more men and women than

cancerA. True

Although cancer is more common, CVD is the chief cause of death in most of

the countries. CVD is the silent epidemic

3. Risk factors and symptoms of cardiovascular disease areidentical for men and womenB. False

Women's hearts, coronary arteries and other blood vessels are smaller than

men's, which means it may take less plaque to block them.

Men and women also experience heart attack symptoms differently.

See more information in this booklet page 11 and 16

4. Cardiovascular disease is hereditary and cannot be prevented

B. FalseEven if there is heart disease in your family and even if you have high

cholesterol, altering your diet and leading a healthy lifestyle can dramatically

reduce your risk of heart attack and stroke.

5. Skipping breakfast is a good way to lose weightB. False

Skipping meals, especially breakfast, can make you feel tired and hungry and

more likely to reach for high-fat, high-calorie snacks. In fact, people who eat

breakfast are more likely to maintain a healthy weight than those who dont.

6. Which one is the bad cholesterolA. LDL Cholesterol

HDL cholesterol protects the arteries. Total cholesterol raises in parallel with

LDL cholesterol

7. At what age should you start getting checked for CVD if youre

healthy adult?A. 20

American Heart Association guidelines recommend that your doctor begin

assessing your risk of cardiovascular disease at age 20.

Assessment includes lifestyle habits, family history, blood pressure and pulse

check, body mass index and waist check.

Quiz Answers (1/2)


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8. Saturated fat can raise your cholesterol level and increase your

risk of CVD. Which of these is a saturated fat?C. Butter

Olive oil is monounsaturated fat, flax oil is a polyunsaturated fat with healthyomega-3 fatty acids, and rapeseed oil is a polyunsaturated fat. Saturated fat is

commonly found in animal products. More information pages 18 to 21

9. Certain food help you burn fat

B. FalseNo food can actually help you burn fat. The important thing is eating less calories

(energy), rather than eating specific foods wrongly thought to have special

properties

10. You dont need to worry about your childrens CVD risk until

theyre at least 18B. False

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are rising among adolescents and even

younger children. As with adults, these risk factors are often related to unhealthy

lifestyles (inactivity, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.)

11. CVD is the number 1 health threat to postmenopausal womenA. True

During and after menopause, as estrogen levels decrease, the risk of heart

disease in women dramatically rises

12. Eating a diet that includes plenty of pasta, potatoes and white rice

can reduce your risk of heart diseaseB. False

For years we were told that a heart-healthy diet included food low in fat and high

in carbohydrates. Eating food with a high glycaemic index, such as cookies,

cake, bagels, pasta, potato chips, raises blood sugar and insulin levels, and

stimulates triglycerides production (risk factor of CVD)

13. How many glasses of alcoholic beverages harm your health?

A. >3 /day

The WHO defines the threshold of excessive consumption at 21 glasses /week

for men and 14 glasses/week for women. More information page 8

14. The French enjoy a 42% lower incidence of heart disease than

Americans because they drink red wine

A. TrueWhile the French do eat a high-fat diet these includes high-fiber grains and red

wine. Red wine raises the level of beneficial HDL cholesterol and lowers the risk

of blood clots and heart attack. However, red wine must be consumed in

moderation ! One glass a day is enough

Quiz Answers (2/2)


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Technip World Health DayDiet & Cardio Vascular Risk FactorsNovember, 21 2013

On line information

Tpnet Group Medical Technip World Health Day 2013

World Health Organization (WHO) = Cardiovascular diseases,non-communicable diseases, diet & unhealthy diet, physical

activity, salt intake, fats, blood pressure, etc.

http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/en/

http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/implementation/toolbox/en/index.html

http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/workplace/en/index.html

World Heart Federation = Cardiovascular & heart diseases,

strokes, cardiovascular risk factors, etc.

http://www.world-heart-federation.org

BMI & Framingham calculate what your risk is

http://www.framinghamheartstudy.org/risk/gencardio.html

https://www.cvdriskchecksecure.com/FraminghamRiskScore.aspx

http://www.cdc.gov/healthyweight/assessing/bmi/

THANK YOU

diet and cardio vascular risk factors

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