~; AD—A 035 631 FLORIDA UNIV GAINESVILLE DEPT OF MATERIALS SCIEJ~ICE ——ETC FIG 11/2THE SCIENCE OF CERAMIC PROCESSING BEFORE FIRING. (U)JAN 77 6 V ONOOA . L L HENCH DAHCO4—75—C—OQ1L~UNCLASSIFIEO ARO— 12581e.1_M5 NL

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/ ~53~/ 1- ~~ ~TUE SC IENCE OF CERAMI C PROCE SS ING BEFORE FIRIN G

Tenth Annu al Un ivers i ty Conf erenc e on Ceramic Sc ience

FINAL REPORT

George Y. Onoda , Jr.and

La rry L . Hench

January 24 , 1977

U. S . ARMY RESEAR CH OFFICE

Grant DAHCO4-75-J-0014

1 October 1974-30 June 1975

Un iversi ty of Florid aDepartment of Material Science and Engineering

Ga inesv ille , Florida 32611

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE :DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

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I. REPORT NUMBER ~2. GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECi PIENT’S CA T A L C O NtJMB~~ R

U A I I C O 4 - 7 5 - 6 - 0 0 1 4 ( ____________________________

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/. fThC Scien ce of Ceramic Processing Before Final .~~ , ~~~, ;~4.7

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1~t~irth A n n u a l Un iversity Conf ~ i’~-iice on •~ PERFORMING ORG. REPOR1 NUMSER

C e r a m i c Scient - e __________________________

4. ±~iL!flQfl(& ~ — ---~~-- - B. CONT RACT OR ~~R~~ gT PLUM9ER(.)

,/‘~ ‘George Y. Onoda , Jr. Rnd

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9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAM E AND ADDRESS tO . PROGRAM ELEMENT , PROJECT . TASKAR EA S WORK UNIT NUMBERS

University of FloridaMat. Sci. ~ Engr. Dept. Univ. of Fla.G a i n e s v i l l e , F l o r i d a 32611

~~~~~I I . CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. tP~~~N I DATE

U. S. Army Research Of f ice .Janna ry 24 , 1977Post Office Box 12211 13. NUMBEROF PA GES,.,—~~~~

R e s e a r c h T r i a n ~~1e Park , NC 2 7 7 0 9 14 (~ J f~rs. MONITORING AGENCY NAME 6 AOORESS(I1 dUl.rw from ConSrollIn~ Oil Ic.) IS. SECURITY CLASS. (o~~~ S.~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~

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II. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

The findings in this report are not to be construed as an officialDepar tmen t of the Army posi t ion, unless so designa ted by otherauthorized documents.IS. KEY WORDS (ConI~nu. on s.v•r.. .id. II n.c...sry .‘d Identify by block numb.r)

Conference , CeramicCeramic ProcessingPar t iculate TechnologyPowder Processing20., $TR ACT (C.u$~~~a — rs vsr.. .1* fI n~~e..y d Id.nlIly by block n i..b.r )

—~5f his report summarizes the outcome of the tenth annual IiniversitConference on Ceramic Sc ience. The subjec t was “The Science ofCeramic Processing Before Firing.” The highligh ts of the conferencpapers are summarized and a lis t of participants is provided

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I . I NTRODUCTION

In this final report , a summary of the conference papers

is p rov ided . Also enclosed is the f i n a l program and a l i s t of

reg is t rants.

Dur ing the Xth U n i v e r s i t y Conference on Ceramic Science the

s c i e n t i f i c level of bo th t heo re t i c a l and appl icat ion papers on

the theme “Science of Ceramic Processing Before Firing” reached

a previousl y unpar alleled stature . The Conference took place

January 27-30 at the University of Florida , Gainesville . The

level of technical excellence provided a fitting recognition

of the confe rence keynoters Kar l Schwartzwalder and Freder ick

II. Nor ton , who were honored during the mee ting for their pioneering

contributions to the science and technology of ceramic processing .

Commiss ioned ceramic vases by Philip Ward were accepted on behalf

of the honoree s by Ralston Russel l , J r . and Joseph B . Burke ,

p re s iden t- e l ect and pres ident of the Society , respectively.

I I . SUMMARY OF CONFERENCE ACTiVITIES

For perhaps the first time ever , a series of papers tackled

the difficult questions of how to prepare powders with a con-

trolled high activity, how to achieve quantitative characteri-

zation of active and nonactive powders , and how to control the

fabrication of active powders into bodies. It was shown that the

answers to these questions center around the behavior of agglo-

merates.

Papers on grinding (Somasundarun ; Berg) and solution preci-

pitation of powders (Johnson and Gallagher ; Harada and Gates;

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F l o c k ) demons t ra ted tha t improvements in powder p r e p a r a t i o n

u s u a l l y are associa ted w i t h a l t e r i n g the s i ze and comp ac tness

of agg lomera t e s . S ize , s t r eng th and s t a b i l i t y of a lumina

agglomerates and other powdered agglomerates were described in

great detail in various papers (Flock ; Page , Metzbowe r, Shane-

field and Ilasselman ; Hench and Jenkins ; Niesz; Tremper and

Gordon; Rump f; Orr; Pincus; Delloff and Whitney). By app lying

the wide range of analytical tools described in these papers

a thorough characterization of agglomerate features can be

achieved and followed throughout various processing steps .

The influences of mixing , binders , powder packing , compaction

and drying on rearrangement of agglomerates and green body

charac ter were described with quantitative detail by a number

of authors (Fuerstenau ; Onoda ; Rhines; Whittemore ; Cooper).

Ceramic systems that involve extensive liquid-particulate inter-

actions were also covered in a systematic manner. Surface

chemis try , rheology , mixing , extrusion and drying oxide and clay

systems were analyzed (Lawrence; Fuerstenau ; Sommer and Rump f;

Phelps and McLaren ; Williamson ; Heystek; Robinson ; Farris; Verma).

The importance of powder and prefire processing variables

on the firing behavior of ceramics is all too often a neglected

topic. However , seve ral papers (Cutler; Kingery ; Palmour and

Hare ; Pope , Mor ton , Hall and DiVita) served to emphasize that

without powder processing control , improvements in reliabili ty,

yield and performance of ceramics by al tering firing steps are

highly u n l i k e l y .

j

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Production of electronic substrates by tape casting of

al umina requires opt imal con trol of each processing step .

R . B. Mistler revealed a detailed description of the processing

steps and controls developed in the Western Electric Co. tape

casting operation , providing a speci al highlight of the Conference .

Ano the r highli ght was the panel discussion of potential future

developments in ceramic processing involving Joseph A. Pask ,

Josep h B. Burke , Rals ton Russell , Jr., D. W. Fuerstenau , Richard

A . Alliegro and William 13. Crandall. It was predicted from this

discussion that a shif t in industrial , university and gove rnment

research emphasis from physical ceramics to processing science

will continue to gain momentum in the decade ahead.

I I I . ATTENDANCE

The conference was wel l attended , with over 200 participating,

including students from the University of Florida and other schools

throughout the country. A list of registrants is provided in

Appendix I. An important statistic is that over 100 industrial

firms were represen ted.

TV . PUBLISHED PROCEEDINGS

Thir ty-five of the papers presented at the conference were

submi tted in manuscript form . Because of the absence of an

adequa te textbook on the science of ceramic processing , it was

felt that the proceedings of this conference should be extensively

edited to a text-book format , and published as a type-set text.

I~i1ey-Inte rsci ence , John Wil ey and Sons , Inc . , has accep ted the

manuscript as a textbook and the book is now being processed

and s h o u l d be in p r i n t in the summe r of 1977. The number of

hooks requested by the Army Research Off ice will be sen t when

t he book is p u b l i s h e d .

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——----- -~~~~~~~~~ .-- — - —. — ——- --~~~~~~ --

AP p I :N! ) I X I

CONFERENCE PARTICIPA NT S

Charles Akin j . S. Bol tBab cock ~ Wilcox Ipsen Indus tries

A. W . Allen Al BonnevilleC-E Refrac tories Alfred Unive rsity

IL A . Alliegro Charles L. BoothNorton Company DuPont

Wayne W. Althen R. J. BouchardSunnen Produc ts Company DuPont

Richard D . Amren C. B. BrackbillTrans-Tech , Inc . Erie Technological Products

Ii. U. Anderson David C. BrantUniversity of Missouri Pfizer , Inc.

Ken Baker Glenn W. BrownAlfred University . Airesearch Casting Co.

Wate T. Bakker Warren D. BrownGeneral Refractories Co. Clemson University

James Beeson C. E. Van BurenAVX Ceramics Corp . General Electric Co.

Jack Belle J. E. BurkeWestinghouse Electric General Electric Co.

M. Berg John CallahanGeneral Motors Corp . Georgia Kaolin Co.

Dave Black David 1%’. CarterVesuvius Crucible Co. Alberox Corp .

James Blackburn R. CarterAluminum Co. of Canada General Electric Co.

Charles Blahnik Dave CauseyCanadian General Electric Clemson University

Sy L. Blunt G. H. ChildMitre Corp . Corning

W. R. Boakes Marc M. CiamarraSikes Corp . ITC , Inc.

R. H. Bollinger R. S. CoblenzAmerican Nepheline Corp . General Electric Co.

,=—:--~-----—---—-- — A

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Alfred Cooper Frank ErzenCase Western Reserve Univ . Wilbanks International Inc.

W . B . Crandall Andre EzisA l fred University Ford Motor Company

C. .1. C roninger Rober t E. FarrisA. J. Wahi , Inc. Kaiser Aluminum ~ Chemical Corp .

1 . 13. Cutler L. E. FerreiraUniversi ty of Utah Interpace Corp .

R . T. Delloff William M. FlockUniversi ty of Florida Plessey Central Dev . Labs

Sidney Diamond C. D. ForsythePurdue Universi ty DuPont

Ar thur M. Diness Josef FrancelOffice of Naval Research Owens-Illinois

Saw DiVita Thomas L. FrancisU. Army . Alcoa Lab s

L . P. Domingues Julian FreethTrans-Tech , Inc . American Technical Ceramics

Derek B. Dove D. W. FuerstenauUniversity of Florida University of California

T. H. Dressel Dennis GaiserLocke Insulator Inc. Gaiser Tool Co.

Lewis Dreyling P. K. GallagherQuigley Co., Inc. Bell Labs

Robert J. Dufala T. J. GallivanUnion Carbide Corp . General Electric Co.

Joseph 1. Dusek D. W. GatesArgonne National Labs NASA

C. J. Dziedzic Arno GattiGTE Sylvania General Electric Co.

James E. Eason R. E. GouldNorton Company Buffalo China Co.

Howard E. Ellis Syd GendelGeneral Electric Co. Wheatstone Ceramics , Inc.

Don Eppink Derek GordonSherwood Refractories Alred University

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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

I r w i n Gordon Lar ry L. 1-lenchRCA Labs University of Florida

R . S . Gordon C. 0 . l lo l ladayU n i v e r s i t y of Utah Brush We ilman , Inc.

George P . Grab Haro ld S. Horowi t zKennametal, Inc. Exxon Corpora te Res. Lab .

W e l l s L . Green Rober t S . flowerFord Motor Company AVX Ceramics Corp .

C. I) . G re skov ich Norman I luecke lGenera l E l e c t r i c Co. I luecke l China Company

Eugene Gross i C l i f f UundNat ional Mi crone t ics Corhar t Re frac tories

L. N . G ros sman T. P . flurleyGeneral E l e c t r i c Inc . Sprague E lec t r i c Company

L)on Groves John C. HurtNat’l Academy of Sciences Army Research Office

Y . I larada Vic tor Insettal I T Research I ns t i t u t e American Technical Ceramics

T. M. f lare Robert H. InsleyNorth Carolina State Champion Spark Plug Co.

George H ar r i s Paul F. JahnArmy Research O f f i c e Fiber Mater ia ls Inc .

D . P . I I . Hasselman E . J . JenkinsLehigh University University of Florida

J. C. Hecker , Jr. D. W. Johnson , Jr.Alcoa Bell Lab s

R . A. }-Ienrichsen Manfred KahnGeneral Refractories Co. AVX Ceramics Corp .

II. Heys tek Rustu S. KalyoncuBureau of Mines Martin Marietta Labs

Brian Hill W. D. KingeryInco , Inc . Massachusetts Institute of Tech.

Shih-Ming Ho Norman KneppWestinghouse Electric Alfred University

C. Von Hoesslin J. C. KrakovskyStettner ~ Company Corning Glass Works

W . B. Kuhn S.V.R . MastrangeloU n i v e r s i t y of C inc inna t i DuPont

A. M . Laing John MatskoStang Industries Sandia Labs

W. C. Lawrence B. A. MetzbowerN . Y . S . Col lege of Ceramics Naval Research Lab

W i l l i a m Lee Joseph MezeyArthur D. Little , Inc. American Technical Ceramics

C . S . Letcher Joel K. MichelPetrolite Corp . Allen-Bradley Co.

Nils Lindman R. M. MillerRoyal Inst. Tech. -Sweden Buffalo China Co.

Eric J . Little Robert J. MillerVacuum Special ties , Inc . General Motors Corp .

Ronald Loehman R. E. MistierU n i v e r s i t y of Florida Western Electric Company

Fred P. Lohr I-f . W . Mos te tzk yAmerican Can Co. Fachhochschule Nurnberg

Gordon R . Love Walter MuiarzUnion Carbide Corp . Raytheon Company

J. W . McCauley M. K. MurthyArmy Materials ~ Mechanics Ontario Res. Foundation

Research CenterB. J. Nemeth

D. I I . McConnell Kennametal Inc .Corning

William S. NetterW. J. McDonough Lone Star LaFarge Co.I i . S. Naval Res. Lab

Ronald NielsenM. G. McLaren Dimat CompanyRutgers University

D . B. NieszR. N. McNally Battelle Columbus LabsCorning

Frederick H. NortonC. Don McTaggartZedmark , Inc. George Y. Onoda

University of FloridaE. A. MaguireRaytheon Company Clyde Orr

Georgia TechB. L. ManigaultChas. Taylor Sons ,

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J . P. Page C. C. RobinsonWestern Electric Co. Clemson University

1. W. Paige Richard J. RossMohr Machine ry Co. Nekoosa Edwards Paper Co.

I-I . Palmour , III N . W . RoudabushNorth Carol ina State Chas. Taylor Sons , Co.

J. A. Pask Donald W. RoyU n i v e r s i t y of California GTI Corp .

C. W. Phelps H. RumpfRutgers University Universitat Karisruhe

A. C. Pincus Peter RuoapRutgers University Great Lakes Carbon Corp .

h ugh M. Player R. Russell , Jr.Clemson University Ohio State University

B. J. Pope Ni t i s SarkarBrigham Youn g University Dow Chemical Co.

H. D. Prior Paul E. ScheererInterpace Corp . Martin Marietta Chemicals

R. A. Rand C. W. SchererGeneral Electric Co. Corning Glass Works

Werner E. Rath Bill SchiaviStettner ~ Co. Vesuvius Crucible Company

Dennis Readey W . G. SchmidtAtomic Energy Commission General Electric Company

F. N. Rhines J. B. SchroederUniversity of Florida McGraw-Edison

E. W. Rilee , Jr. Bernard SchwartzBabcock ~ Wilcox IBM Corporation

C. M . Ringel Karl SchwartzwalderBell Telephone

Paul ScilagyiJohn D. Roach Crohn CeramicsNL Industries , Inc .

D. J. ShanefieldA. Roberts Western Electric Co.Sel-Rex Co.

Robert D. ShannonL. R . Roberts DuPontW. R. Grace ~ Co.

_____________ ~~~--.- - - . - - -~~~~~~~~~~~ --~~~- —- _ _ _

J i m Shap l and Herbert ValdsaarFlo-Com Sys tems DuPont

P. C . Smith Ellis D. Verink , Jr.General Electric University of Florida

P. Somasundaran K. Verm aColumbia Un ive r s i t y Sel-Rex Company

K . Sommer L. H. Van VlackUniversi tat Karisruhe University of Michigan

J . Paul Stanavage Richard J. WarrenRCA Corp. Alcoa Labs

F. C. Steimke Gene WeedCE Refractories Vesuvius Crucible Company

James Stephan Fred WheelerCoors Porcelain Co. Pentronix Division

Jame s A. Styne E. Dow WhitneyNL Indus t r ies . Univers i ty of Flor ida

Paul B. Sullivan 0. J . WhittemoreNorton Company Universi ty of Washington

Barry E . Taylor John S. WicksDuPont Joslyn Mfg. ~ Supply Co.

R. A. Thompson Leonard WieczorekGeneral Electric Co. Coors Porcelain Company

R. Tremper Ben A. WilcoxGeneral Electric Co. Nat’l Science Foundation

R. B. Tressler Paul WilcoxPenn State University Sandia Labs

E. J. Trujillo David WilliamsonLos Alamos Sci. Lab GTE Sylvania

Roland Tucker W. 0. WilliamsonCarborundum Company Penn State University

C. F. Tung Peter Witko3M Company IBM Corporation

Wayne D. Tuohig Shigeru YamagishiArgonne Nat’l Lab Mitsui Grinding Wheels Co.

Stuart Ura~n Frank ZaleskiCer tech , Inc . Army Materials Engr. Div .

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R. U . B a g l e y R. S. SchiotterbeckC o r n i n g Gl ass Works General E l ec t r i c Co.

Thomas J. Burke Rober t SmidB e t t i s A t o m i c Powe r Lab . W e s t i ng h o u s e/ B e t t i s

John F. G r a n t David S t ah lFerro Corp . Argonne N a t i o n a l Laboratory

H. T. [t a l l H. P. S t i ll , J r .Br i g ham Young U n i v e r s i t y App l ied Ceramics , Inc .

Shepard Kinsman P. S z il a g y iC o u l t e r E l e c t r o n i c s Krohn m d .

S. Lev inson E. A. U schakCarborundum Co.

C u r t i s P. Mabie Char les E. Van BurenA m e r i c a n Den ta l Assoc . Genera l E lec t r i c Co.

Mark L . M i l l e r Raymond E . Wiech , J r .U n i v . of U t a h Parmatech Corp .

M. D . MortonB r i g ham Young U n i v e r s i t y

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