iso+9000+&+total+quality+management

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    ISO 9000 refers to a group of quality assurance standards

    established by the International Organization forStandardization.This group, which is made up of representatives

    from 91 countries,adopted the standards in 1987.

    ISO 9000 standards are aimed at quality systems,not at the quality

    systems, not at the quality of goods and services. ISO certification

    means that a company has a detailed, documented approach to

    achieving consistency of output. It doesnt mean that they can be

    made as durable as specified, and that the level of defects will be

    controlled.

    ISO 9000 & TOTAL QUALITY

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    ISO 9000 & TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT

    While ISO 9000 can be an integral part of a TQM program, its important to

    recognize the distinction between the two ideas.

    The ISO 9000 standards are mainly concerned with quality assurance;

    TQM focuses on quality management.

    The ISO 9000 approach sets minimum standards for guaranteeing quality. It

    does not go beyond those minimums to promote customer awareness, team

    activities,or continuous improvement,all of which are essential to TQM.TQM almost always requires some changes in a companys structure & culture.

    With ISO 9000, the emphasis is not on change .Preparation may require only

    careful documentation of systems already in place.

    TQM promotes the types of practices, such as focusing on the internal

    customer, that assure quality.Once you have successfully adopted TQM, youwill have the systematic approach to quality that the ISO 9000 standards call

    for.

    TQM improves internal operations it facilitates cost cutting, improves employee

    moral, and provides a focus for revolutionary, as well as incremental, leaps in

    productivity.

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    The ISO 9000 concept

    The idea behind the ISO 9000 concept is quite simple. Everycustomer wants to buy high-quality goods and services-products

    which consistently conform to expectations or to contractual

    specifications.

    How does the customer know that suppliers are capable of providing

    consistent quality ? One way is to audit each suppliers qualitysystems. Many firms now perform such audits of their suppliers.

    In Europe, the idea was proposed to establish a uniform standard for

    quality systems. This would give every company a well- defined

    model for its quality program.It would also mean that a company

    could be certified by a third-party auditor. Each of its customers

    would then be assured of consistent quality without having to audit

    the supplier independently.

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    The ISO 9000 standards

    The ISO 9000 series actually consists of categories. A company

    seeking registration will choose one of three levels represented by

    ISO 9001, 9002, or 9003.

    All the ISO standards are generic. They can be adapted to anyindustry, and to both product and service firms.

    The ISO 9000 certification process is usually applied to individual

    sites. If a company wants complete certification, it proceeds on a

    site-by-site basis.

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    ISO 9000 It provides guidelines for selection and use, definitions and concepts

    regarding the ISO 9000

    Its a quality management and quality assurance standards

    It provide the basis for the implementation of quality system and their

    assessment and verification. In establishing a quality system it is essential thatthe organization clearly defines the personnel who are responsible for functions

    affecting quality.

    The quality system will generally be codified in a series of documents which

    are commonly known as Quality Manual. All aspects relating to quality shouldbe identified in these documented procedures which would include all reference

    to work instructions and records. The manual should also contain procedures

    for specific actions which need to be taken as part of the quality control

    procedures.

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    ISO 9001

    The most comprehensive standard. It assures all aspects of quality

    from the design stage through production and servicing.

    This standards specifies quality system requirements for use wherea contract between two parties requires the demonstration of a

    supplier capability to design and supply product. The requirements

    specified in this international standard are aimed primarily at

    preventing non-conformity at all stages from design through to

    servicing.

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    Summary of ISO 9001 Standards

    4.1 Management Responsibility

    4.2 Quality System4.3 Contract Review

    4.4 Design Control

    4.5 Document Control

    4.6 Purchasing

    4.7 Purchaser Supplied Product

    4.8 Product Identification & Traceability

    4.9 Process Control

    4.10 Inspection & Testing

    4.11 Inspection , Measuring and Test equipment4.12 Inspection and Test Status

    4.13 control of Nonconforming Product

    4.14 Corrective Action

    4.15 Handling ,Storage,Packaging, and Delivery

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    Summary of ISO 9001 Standards

    4.16 Quality Records

    4.17 Internal Quality Audits

    4.18 Training

    4.19 Servicing

    4.20 Statistical Techniques

    Note :- Various sections of the standards are interrelated.

    For example, training is covered in paragraph 4.18. But training

    procedures will have an impact on almost every other category. The

    same is true for concepts like document control (4.5) or quality records(4.16)

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    ISO 9002

    This Standard leaves out the design phase of ISO 9001.It focuses onproduction and delivery.It is used mainly by commodity

    companies, such as chemical or paint producers.

    This standard is applicable in contractual situations when

    1. The specified requirements for products are stated in terms of

    an established design or specifications;

    2. Confidence in product conformance can be attained by

    adequate demonstration of a certain suppliers capabilities inproduction and installation.

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    ISO 9003

    This standard is less detailed than the two above. It does not

    include a comprehensive quality system, but focuses on testing

    and inspection. It is useful for companies like equipment

    distributors.

    This standards specify quality system requirement for use where

    a contract between two parties requires demonstration of a

    suppliers capability to detect and control the disposition of any

    product non-conformity during final inspection and test.

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    ISO 9004

    This is not a standard that applies to relations with outside

    customers, but suggests internal methods for meeting the quality

    measurements in the other standards. It describes methods for

    approaching areas such as procurement , corrective action , and the

    use of statistical process controls.

    This standards provides guidelines on the technical, administrative

    and human factors affecting the quality of products or services, at all

    stages of the quality loop system. In this standard, emphasis is laid

    on the satisfaction of the customers need the establishment of

    functional responsibility and the importance of assessing the

    potential risks and benefits

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    The Growth of ISO 9000

    ISO 9000 registration has become a fundamental marketing

    tool,particularly for companies doing business internationally.

    It gives assurance of quality and provides a competitive

    advantage.

    The ISO 9000 standards are meeting with widespread

    acceptance. They are scheduled, for example, to replace

    similar standards in the U.S. military market.

    The European Community (EC) already requires ISO 9000

    registration for certain products (e.g., toys, personal

    protection devices, gas appliances) and planned to widen

    this list to items such as medical devices and lifting

    equipment.

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    CONCLUSION

    ISO is the International Organization for Standardization, set up with the

    objective to promote the developments of standards and related activities

    for facilitating international exchange of goods and services.

    ISO 9000 series of standards developed in 1987, relate to quality systems.

    It has evolved from the standardization of quality assurance system

    standards of several nations all over the world.

    The standards allow a wide flexibility, but, at the same time are rigid too.

    They permit a supplier to formulate his own quality policy and write thequality manual, procedures and instructions in his own way, within the

    framework of the system elements, but does not allow rendering of non-

    conforming products or services.