Kingdoms of Southeast Asia

By: S.R.A.C.P.Z.

Period 7

Geography of Southeast AsiaGeography of Southeast Asia

• Geography of Southeast Asia• Southeast Asia lies between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans and

stretches from Asia almost to Australia.• It includes the modern countries of Myanmar (Burma), Laos, Korea,

Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Brunei, and the Philippines.

• It consists of the mainland peninsula, which borders China to the north and India to the west, and the islands, the largest of which include Sumatra, Borneo, and Java.

• Warm humid tropics and Monsoons that bring region long annual rains.• Hills and mountains make travel and communication difficult in the

mainland.• The key to political power was in the control of trade routes and harbors.• Southeast Asia lies on the most direct sea route between the Indian Ocean

and the South China Sea. Two important waterways connect the two seas: the Strait of Malacca, between the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, and the Sunda Strait, between Sumatra and Java.

Influence of India and ChinaInfluence of India and China

• Hindu and Buddhist missionaries spread their faiths from India to Southeast Asia

• Kingdoms arose that followed these religions and were modeled on Indian political ideas.

• Southeast Asian poets wrote poems in the Indian ancient language of Sanskrit.

• Chinese ideas spread southward through migration and trade.

• Chinese also exerted political influence over parts of mainland Southeast Asia, either through direct rule or by demanding tribunes from local rulers.

The Khmer EmpireThe Khmer Empire

• The Khmer Empire was for centuries the main power on the southeast Asia mainland.

• Rice cultivation improvements helped the Khmer become prosperous.

• Built elaborate irrigation systems and waterways.

• Khmer rulers built extensive city-and-temple complexes at its capital, Angkor.

• Angkor Wat was built as a symbolic mountain dedicates to the Hindu god Vishnu and covers nearly a square mile.

Island-trading kingdoms of Island-trading kingdoms of Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia• On the island Java, the Sailendra dynasty ruledOn the island Java, the Sailendra dynasty ruled..

– Another architectural achievement in Another architectural achievement in Southeast Asia asides from the Angkor Wat Southeast Asia asides from the Angkor Wat was the Buddhist temple at Borobudur, which was the Buddhist temple at Borobudur, which shows great Indian influenceshows great Indian influence• Included nine terraced levels, like on a pyramidIncluded nine terraced levels, like on a pyramid

The Sailendra dynasty The Sailendra dynasty eventually fell to the powerful eventually fell to the powerful island empire of Srivijayaisland empire of Srivijaya

– Srivijaya ruled a fairly extensive empire, Srivijaya ruled a fairly extensive empire, which included waters around Java, Sumatra which included waters around Java, Sumatra and Borneoand Borneo

•Their high wealthTheir high wealth depended on taxing depended on taxing incoming trade through these waters.incoming trade through these waters.

– Their capital was on Palemburg, and Their capital was on Palemburg, and became a buddhist center for learningbecame a buddhist center for learning

VietnamVietnam• Vietnam was the area least affected by India. It was Vietnam was the area least affected by India. It was

highly influenced by China.highly influenced by China.– During the Han dynasty in China, Vietnam fell under its ruleDuring the Han dynasty in China, Vietnam fell under its rule

• This rule lasted for more than 1,000 years, ending in the 900s when This rule lasted for more than 1,000 years, ending in the 900s when the Tang dynasty was decliningthe Tang dynasty was declining

• In 939, Vietnam became a free nationIn 939, Vietnam became a free nation

– Buddhism was one of the many things that the Chinese Buddhism was one of the many things that the Chinese influenced on Vietnam, but the Vietnamese had their influenced on Vietnam, but the Vietnamese had their individuality and cultural identityindividuality and cultural identity• One thing that expressed this was that Vietnamese women usually One thing that expressed this was that Vietnamese women usually

had more freedom than did the Chinese.had more freedom than did the Chinese.

• Rulers of the Ly dynasty began their kingdom at their Rulers of the Ly dynasty began their kingdom at their capital at Hanoi, at the red river delta, and ruled from capital at Hanoi, at the red river delta, and ruled from 1009-12251009-1225– These rulers slowly expanded their kingdom by conquering These rulers slowly expanded their kingdom by conquering

neighboring landsneighboring lands– Vietnamese rulers were able to hold off Mongol attacks, even Vietnamese rulers were able to hold off Mongol attacks, even

though Hanoi had been captured thrice.though Hanoi had been captured thrice.

Introduction to KoreaIntroduction to Korea

There are two Korean legends on how it There are two Korean legends on how it was formed.was formed.One states that it was founded by a hero, One states that it was founded by a hero,

Tan’gun who was a demigod.Tan’gun who was a demigod.This legend shows sides of unique Korean native This legend shows sides of unique Korean native

traditionstraditions

The other legend says that Korea was The other legend says that Korea was founded by a descendant of the royal Shang founded by a descendant of the royal Shang Dynasty in ChinaDynasty in China

This legend shows sides of Chinese influence on This legend shows sides of Chinese influence on KoreaKorea

Geography of KoreaPhysical Regions: - a peninsula in Asia to the right of China

- about the size of Utah - mountainous, with only a small portion of farmable land

Climate: - hot in the summer, cold in the winter

Boundaries: - a mountainous barrier separates Korea and its neighbor, Manchuria - its mountains and seas cause Korea to develop an isolation from its neighbors

(1)

Early History

1) Korea started out with different clans controlling parts of the land.2) In 108 B.C., the Han empire of China conquered Korea and set up a military

government.a) The Koreans adopted cultural characteristics such as writing, Confucianism, Buddhism and a centralized government from China.

3) During the Han rule over Korea, Korean tribes began to gather together into federations.a) These federations developed into 3 rival kingdoms.

4) In the mid-600s, the kingdom of Silla defeated its rivals and chased the Chinese out. It gained control of the Korean peninsula.

The Koryu Dynasty

1) The Koryu Dynasty – founded by Wang Kon (935-1392)a) The government was modeled after China’s centralized governmentb) Korea tried to adapt China’s civil service examination system, but it failed.

2) There was a wide gap between the nobles and the remainder of the population.a) Even through the civil service exam system, the only people who were given the positions were rich.b) The distinct boundary between the rich and the poor was so strong, it led to rebellions in the 1100s.

3) In 1231, the Monguls invaded Korea.a) The Mongul rule ended in the 1350s, when the Mongul empire fell.

4) In 1392, a group of scholar-officials and military leaders overthrew the Koryu dynasty and established the Choson dynasty.

Koryu Culture

1) The Koryu period produced many contributions to Koryu culture.a) Korean potters produced celadon pottery, inspied by Chinese porcelain pottery.b) Writers and scholars wrote poetry and the first national history of Korea.

2) For over 60 years, Koreans artists worked to make a set of thousands of large wooden blocks used for printing.

(2)

Bibliography

(1)“DPRK maps” http://www.vuw.ac.nz/~caplabtb/dprk/maps.htm

(2)“ArtLex’s K page” http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/K.html

(Cover picture) “Mr. Howard: General Information” http://mabryonline.org/blogs/howard/archives/general_information/index.html

*Everyone chose one background for all their slides, slides by a person appear in order of the title page