Trends in

Machine Design

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(TMD)Jan - April 2014

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Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

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Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.

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Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

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Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

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Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,

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Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board

Srinivasu GangisettiAssistant Professor, Mechanical

Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, India.

Subrata MandalSenior Scientist, Central Mechanical

Engineering Institute, Durgapur, India.

Editorial Board

Arindam Majumder Assistant Professor,National Institute of

Technology, Agartala.

Dinesh KumarAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya

National Institute of Technology, Jaipur.

Hemanta KumarAssistant Professor, National Institute of

Technology, Suratkhal India.

K Priya Ajit, Assistant ProfessorDepartment Of Mechanical Engineering & Mining Machinery Engineering Indian

School Of Mines, Dhanbad, India.

Rakesh Kumar MauryaAssistant Professor, School of Mechanical,

Materials & Energy Engineering Indian Institute of Technology ,Ropar, India.

Dilip DattaHead,Mechanical Engineering Tezpur

University, Assam.

LA KumaraswamidhasAssociate Professor, Department of

Mechanical Engineering and Mining Machinery Engineering, Indian School

of Mines Dhanbad, India.

Manju SinghPrincipal Scientist Central Mechanical

Engineering Research Institute Durgapur, India.

Rajeev Jain, HeadMechanical Engineering Department,

Kalaniketan Polytechnic College Jabalpur India.

S K KakotyProfessor Mechanical Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Guahati.

Sanjivi ArulAssociate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of

Engineering, Coimbatore.

Shubhankar BhowmickAssistant Professor, Mechanical

Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.

I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (1)] of Trends in Machine

Design. The intension of TMD is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and

growth in the area of Machine Design.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TMD provides an outlet for Research findings and

reviews in areas of Machine Design found to be relevant for National and International recent

developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Machine Design.

Finally, and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the

form of authoring I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board write

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. The Effect of using Grease on the Surface Roughness of Aluminum 1100 Sheet during the Single Point Incremental Forming Process

Sami Ali Nama, Nasri S. M. Namer, Sherwan M. Najm 1

2. Characterization of Materials used In Laser Engineered Net Shaping through Microstructure Analysis: A Review Mantrala K Mallik, Srinivasa Rao Ch., Kesava Rao V.V.S. 5

3. Evaluating the Mechanical Behaviors of Acacia Nilotica Reinforced Polymer Composite with and without Coupling AgentGanesh M., Retna Siga E, Livingston T 9

ContentsTrends in Machine Design

STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved © TMD (2014)

Trends in Machine Design

Volume 1, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

The Effect of using Grease on the Surface Roughness

of Aluminum 1100 Sheet during the Single Point

Incremental Forming Process

Sami Ali Nama, Nasri S. M. Namer*, Sherwan M. Najm Dies & Tools Technology Engineering Department, Technical College, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract Incremental forming is a sheet metal forming technique in which a uniform sheet is

plastically deformed through the progressive action of a rounded tool. The movement of the tool is governed by a CNC machine. By this way the tool locally deforms the sheet

through pure stretching deformation. In this research incremental forming experiments were carried out on Aluminum 1100 sheets to form a cone shape. Roughness was studied

by varying the input parameters (tool speed, feed rate and lubricant). From the study, it

was found that the surface roughness was improved as tool speed and feed rate increases. Also it was found that using grease improve the surface roughness compared

with using the coolant oil.

Keywords: Incremental forming, tool path, tool speed, federate, lubricant

TMD (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Machine Design

Volume 1, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Characterization of Materials used In Laser Engineered

Net Shaping through Microstructure Analysis: A Review

Mantrala K Mallik1*, Srinivasa Rao Ch.

2, Kesava Rao V.V.S.

2

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vasireddy Venkatadri Institute of Technology, Guntur, India

2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra University College of Engineering,

Visakhapatnam, India

Abstract Laser Engineered Net Shaping is a well developing layered manufacturing method in

which the metal powders are used to deposit on a substrate with the help of laser. Due to

continuous and repeated melting and solidification, the properties of the metals may change by the end of preparation of the components. Microstructure analysis is one of

the characterization techniques to evaluate the behavior of the metals after deposition. Many useful materials like Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo, Stainless Steels etc. were characterized

by microstructure analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy and the results were

published. The current paper deals with the study of such works produced by the researchers in characterizing the aforementioned materials. The study revealed that the

LENS process is capable of producing components that are compatible with base material and sometimes superior, if the process parameters are optimized and proper

heat treatment is applied when required.

Keywords: Layered Manufacturing, laser engineered net shaping, microstructure, Ti-

6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo.

TMD (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Trends in Machine Design

Volume 1, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Evaluating the Mechanical Behaviors of Acacia Nilotica

Reinforced Polymer Composite with and without

Coupling Agent

Ganesh M.1*, Retna Siga E

1, Livingston T

2

1Mechanical Department, Lord Jegannath College of Engineering and Technology, India

2Mechanical Department, PSN Engineering College, India

Abstract Over the last thirty years composite materials, plastics and ceramics have been the

dominant emerging materials. The volume and number of applications of composite

materials have grown steadily, penetrating and conquering new markets relentlessly. Modern composite materials constitute a significant proportion of the engineered

materials market ranging from everyday products to sophisticated applications. While composites have already proven their worth as weight-saving materials. Attractive

composite components have resulted in several innovative manufacturing techniques

currently being used in the composites industry. In this work, Acacia Nilotica has been characterized for their mechanical properties with the various volume ratio of fiber-

matrix compositions. The volume ratios that taken into count for the fabrication are

20–80%, 30–70%, 40–60% fiber-matrix. The hand layup method is opted for the fabrication of the composite. The coupling agent can improve the mechanical properties

without any compromisation in the composition of the fiber content. The experimental work shows that the tensile strength was increased by 25–30% and flexural strength

was increased by 15–20%. Thus by adding the coupling agent to a natural fiber the

strength can improve with the same composition. And also the SEM Analysis indicates that the materials are uniformly distributed.

Keywords: Acacia nilotica, particulate composites, tensile test, flexural test, impact

test, wca-with coupling agent, woca-without coupling agent