civil war and reconstruction part 4

8/7/2019 civil war and reconstruction part 4

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Civil War and Reconstruction

Part 4: The Union and The ConfederacyChristian Jones

Based on Oklahoma EOI Standards


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The Union


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Abraham Lincoln

As president of the United States, Lincoln wantedto keep the Union together.

At the beginning of the war, Lincoln suspended theright to habeas corpus-the right that protectedcitizens from being imprisoned for long periodswithout explanation or trial.

Throughout the Civil War, his goal was not to endslavery, but to bring the Southern states back tothe U.S.

Lincoln put Ulysses S. Grant in charge of the

Union army, gave what is probably his mostmemorable speech at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,was reelected in 1864, and was assassinated atthe end of the Civil War in April of 1865.


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George McClellan

George McClellan was a major general in the Unionarmy.

He gained some small victories at the same time thatthe Confederate Army won the First Battle of BullRun.

He then commanded the troops in and aroundWashington, D.C., and he became general in chiefin November 1861.

His cautiousness made him fail to take Richmond inthe Peninsular Campaign, and he then suffered

heavy losses in the Battle of Antietam.

McClellan was removed from his command in 1862.

McClellan ran as the Democratic candidate forPresident in 1864 but lost to Lincoln.


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George Meade

George Meade was a Union officer whofought many battles in the East, includingthe Battle of Chancellorsville.

In 1863, Meade was made commander of the

Army of the Potomacthe same army thatMcClellan led at the beginning of the war.

Meade defeated Confederate General RobertE. Lee in the Battle of Gettysburg, but hisfailure to keep striking at Lee after thebattle angered President Lincoln.

When Ulysses S. Grant took command of theentire Union army in 1864, Meade lost hiscontrol over the Army of the Potomac.


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Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses S. Grant joined the Union Army in1860 as a brigadier general.

He was a graduate of West Point.

He had many successful battles, includingthe capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi, in1863.

After that, Lincoln put him in command ofall the Union armies.

Grant focused on dividing and destroyingthe Confederate armies.

In 1865, Grant defeated Confederate leaderRobert E. Lee, who surrendered to Grantat Appomattox Court House.


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William Tecumseh Sherman

William Tecumseh Shermanwas a Union general who leda campaign called the Marchto the Sea, in which his army

created a path of destructionbetween Atlanta and theAtlantic Coast.

Sherman's army destroyed

anything that they thoughtmight be beneficial to theSouth's war effort, includingcrops, bridges, and railroadtracks.


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Clara Barton

When Clara Barton learned that many of the woundedfrom First Bull Run had suffered from need ofmedical supplies, she advertised for donations inthe Worcester, Mass., Spy and began anindependent organization to distribute goods.

The relief operation was successful, and the followingyear U.S. Surgeon General William A. Hammondgranted her a general pass to travel with armyambulances "for the purpose of distributingcomforts for the sick and wounded, and nursingthem."

She also expanded her concept of soldier aid, travelingto Camp Parole, Md., to organize a program forlocating men listed as missing in action.

By the end of the war Barton had performed most ofthe services that would later he associated with theAmerican Red Cross, which she founded in 1881.


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The Confederacy


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Jefferson Davis

Jefferson Davis had been a senator fromMississippi, but he left the Senate afterMississippi seceded from the Union.

He then was elected president of the ConfederateStates of America.

Davis managed the army very closely and believedthat the South needed a strong, centralizedgovernment, which many of the states did notagree with.

He appointed Robert E. Lee as the leader of the

Confederate army.

Lee surrendered to Grant without Davis's approval,and Davis was arrested for his leadership role inthe Confederacy.


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JosephJohnston

Joseph Johnston commanded the Army ofNorthern Virginia (the Confederacy'smain eastern army) until he waswounded in the Battle of Seven Pines in

1862.After he recovered, Johnston took control

of the Confederacy's western armies.

He commanded the Confederates atseveral battles, but he was unable to

prevent the fall of Vicksburg.

Johnson was then ordered to stop GeneralSherman's invasion of Atlanta, whichhe also could not prevent.


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Robert E. Lee

Robert E. Lee was the most famousConfederate general in the Civil War.

He took command of the Army of NorthernVirginia after Joseph Johnston was

woundedat the Battle of Seven Pines, andhe later had control of the entireConfederate Army.

Lee led the Confederate army to manyvictories from 1862 to 1865, though he lostthe Battle of Gettysburg in 1863.

Lee surrendered to Grant in April 1865 atAppomattox Court House withoutConfederate President Davis's permission.


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Thomas StonewallJackson

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson was a brigadiergeneral in the Confederate army.

At the First Battle of Bull Run, he earned hisnickname by making sure his brigade stood "likea stone wall."

Jackson was then made a general and took his armyinto Maryland and Virginia, where he won severalbattles before losing a battle in May 1862 andretreating.

He joined Lee in the Seven Days Battles and led the

Confederate army into the Battle ofFredericksburg.

He died after the Battle of Chancellorsville in May1863, when he was accidentally shot byConfederate soldiers.


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Andersonville

Andersonville was a prisonbuilt in southwest Georgiato house prisoners of war.

Exposure, lack of food, anddisease killed more than 100prisoners per day in theSummer of 1864.

Henry

Wirz ran the prisonand was the only person

executed for war crimesduring the Civil War.

civil war and reconstruction part 4

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