EFEECT OF EXERCISES & TRAINING ON

CARDIO- VASCULAR SYSTEM

Dr. Vikram SinghAssistant ProfessorDepartment of physical EducationBanaras Hindu University Email id: vkrmdbs@gmail.com

Dr.T. Onima ReddyAssistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, F/O Arts, B.H.U., Varanasi –221005.E Mail: onamma2006@yahoo.co.inMob. No. 09453047019

THE PUMPING HEART

I. INCREASE IN CARDIAC OUTPUT

CARDIAC OUTPUT

VOLUME OF BLOOD FLOW PUMPED BY HEART IN A MINUTE

1. HEART RATE: NUMBERS OF VENTRICAL CONTRACTION PER MINUTE.

2. STROKE VOLUMES: VOLUME OF BLOOD FLOW FROM HEART IN A BEAT.

RANGE OF HEART RATE PER MINUTE = 60 TO 80 BEATS PER MINUTE.

AVERAGE HEART RATE =72 BEATS PER MINUTE

COMPONENTS OF CARDIAC OUTPUT

STROKE VOLUME PER BEAT

STROKE VOLUME PER BEAT

IN FEMALE: 50 TO 70 ML PER BEAT

IN MALE: 70 TO 90 ML PER BEAT

DURING REST 5040 ML OR 5 LITERS = H.R. (72) X S.V. (70)

CARDIAC OUTPUT IS THE PRODUCT OF HEART RATE X STROKE

VOLUME

Cardiac Output

Stroke Volume

Heart Rate

DURING EXERCISE

IN FEMALE CARDIAC OUTPUT IS AROUND 16 TO 18 LITERS BECAUSE IN FEMALES STROKE VOLUME IS LOWER THAN A MALE DUE TO SMALLER HEART SIZE.

IN MALE CARDIAC OUTPUT IS AROUND 22 LITERS.

IN ELITE ATHLETE IT IS AROUND 30 LITERS

DURING EXERCISE CARDIAC OUTPUT WILL BE HIGH IN TRAINED ATHLETE IN COMPARISION TO UNTRAINED.

DURING EXERCISE HEART RATE WILL BE LOW IN TRAINED ATHLETE IN COMPARISION TO UNTRAINED.

DURING EXERCISE STROKE VOLUME WILL BE HIGH IN TRAINED ATHLETE IN COMPARISIONTO UNTRAINED.

DURING REST 5040 ML OR 5 LITERS = H.R. (72) X S.V. (70)

IMPORTANT TERMONOLOGY

BRADY CARDIA: LOWER RESTING HEART RATE

TRACHY CARDIA: HIGH RESTING HEART RATE

ARRHYTHMIA: IRREGULAR HEART BEATS.

ATHLETE HEART: HEART HAVING HIGH STROKE VOLUME & LOW HEART RATE.

II. RE-DESTRIBUTION OF BLOOD FLOW FROM THE INACTIVE AREAS TO ACTIVE AREAS

1. REFLEX VASODILATION OF THE ARTRIOLS SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE ACTIVE AREAS.

2. REFLEX VASOCONSTRICTION OF THE ARTRIOLS SUPPLY BLOOD TO THE IN- ACTIVE AREAS.

3. VASO-DILATION WITH IN THE ACTIVE SKELETAL MUSCLES

OTHER EFFECT ON BLOOD FLOW DURING EXERCISES

I INCREASED CORONARY CIRCULATION

II INCREASED PULMONARY CIRCULATION

III INCREASED BLOOD FLOW TOWARD ADIPOSE TISSUE & SKIN

IV BLODD SUPPLY TO BRAIN REMAIN CONSTANT V DECREASED BLOOD FLOW TO RENAL (KIDNEY)

BUT DOES NOT STOP.

VI DECREASED BLOOD FLOW TO THE G.I.T.

III CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY

1. VOLUME EFFECT: INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF VENTRICULAR CAVITY DUE TO ENDURANCE TRAINING WHICH LEAD TO INCREASE IN STROKE VOLUME & CARDIAC OUTPUT.

2. PRESSURE EFFECT: INCREASE IN THE THICKNESS OF VENTRICULAR WALL DUE TO RESISTIVE TRAINING WHICH LEAD TO INCREASE IN CARDIAC OUTPUT BECAUSE OF GENERATION OF STRONG FORCE OF VENTRICAL CONTRACTION

IV. EFFECT ON BLOOD PRESSURE

BLOOD PRESSURE: A LATERAL PRESSURE FELT ON THE WALL OF THE ARTERY DUE TO FLOW OF BLOOD.

PHASES OF BLOOD PRESSURE

SYSTOLE = CONTRACTION PHASE DYSTOLE = RELAXATION PHASE

NORMAL RANGE OF BLOOD PRESSURE: 120/80 MM HG

DURING EXERCISES SYSTOLE GOSE UPTO 200 MM HG BUT DYSTOLE INCREASE 10 TO 15 MM HG FROM ITS NORMAL RANGE THAT IS 80 MM HG.

V. OTHER EFFECT OF EXERCISE & TRAINING ON C. V. SYSTEM.

1.INCREASED LEVEL OF CO2 IN THE BLOOD 2.INCREASED ARTERIO-VENIOUS O2

DIFFERENCE 3.INCREASED TEMPERATURE OF BLOOD 4.CHANGE IN HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION

WITH EXERCISE & TRAINING 5.ACCUMULATION OF THE METABOLICE END

PRODUCTS IN THE BLOOD 6.IMPROVEMENT IN THE GOOD CHOLESTROL

(HDL) WITH ENDURANCE TRAINING AND LOWERING OF BAD CHOLESTROL (LDL).