ibv biomechanic presentation - hohokus.org
TRANSCRIPT
Independent Study Biomechanical effects of synthetic turf and infill materials
David Rosa- Study TechnicianArea I + D
For further information visit www.ibv.com
This test was sponsored by Limonta Sport
BIOMECHANIC ASPECTS OF THE TURF
History of The Artificial Grass
Artificial grass was developed in the 60’s as a substitute for natural grass with the objective of solving maintenance problems, especially in covered facilities
In 1966 the first artificial turf was installed in the Astrodome of Houston(Texas) for the football league, and in 1971 artificial turf was installed in Caledonian Park (U.K.)
History Of Artificial Grass
First generation of synthetic grass with stuffed sand and rubber
FIFA publishes the first “Quality Concept” for synthetic grass
IFBA(InternationalFootball Association Board) includes synthetic grass like game surface
FIFA publishes “Quality Concept” (FQC) for syntheticgrass,**=UEFA
1997 1998 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
UEFA syntheticgrass studies begin
UEFA publishes a manual for synthetic grass
UEFA accepts synthetic grass for the officialcompetitions 2005/2006
FIFA & UEFA unify criteria
Disagreement FIFA-UEFA: Installations should be tried under two different criteria's based on the type of competition
Agreement FIFA-UEFA. FIFA is in charge of homologations and generation of test equipments. UEFA is in charge of the medical panels and biomechanic studies that allow to generate criteria
Function of the ground in the sportactivity
Technical Function:-Property of the layers support: drainage, planimetry and lifting capability -Irrigation Systems-Durability of the fiber-Maintenance necessities Sport Function:-Absorption of impacts: Reduction of force anddeformation
-Stability in the footstep -Traction
Biomechanic Aspects
Sport Function: Absorption of Impacts
Def: Is the capability that the ground has to protect the bodyfrom impacts
-Eliminate high frequencies-Reduce strength
Without cushioning
cushioning
Sport Impact: Absorption of Impacts
What occurs when an impact takes place?
The impact is transmitted through the body
like a vibration that cant be controlled by the
muscles or tendons
Causes problems :
-Discomfort , pain in knee and back
1.3 1.35 1.4 1.45 1.5 1.55 1.6 1.65 1.7 1.75 1.8
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Tiempo (s)
Ace
lera
cion
(m
/s2)
(Time)
(Acceleration)
Levels of Impact in different sports
0 5 10 15
Carrera
Velocidad con clavos
Salto de Longitud
Triple Salto
Salto de Altura
Aterrizaje Gimnasia
Baloncesto
x peso corporal
Mod
alid
ades
dep
ortiv
asSport Function: Absorption of Impacts
Translation:Baloncesto(Basketball) Aterrizaje Gimnasia(Gymnastics) Salto de altura(High jump) Triple Salto(Triple jump) Salto de longitud(Long jump) Velocidad con clavos(Speed with nails) Carrera(Race)
SPORT
MODALITIES
(Corporal Weight)
Sport Function: Absorption ofImpacts
FIFA regulation. Damping and Deformation of Artificial Grass
Damping DeformationFIFA *55-70% FIFA*4-9mmFIFA**60-70% FIFA**4-8mm
Sport Function: StabilityImportance
Instability can cause movements you will articulate unexpected producing injuries, mainly on the ankle
It also relates with discomfort & fatigue like in sand sports
Stability Studies
Tests with studiesStudies with soles: measuringthe soles distribution of pressures
Stability: Grass Study
Result from the measurement of sole pressure
Patrón de presiones plantares
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
TLE TLC TLI PLME PLMC C5MT C1MT MTM RDD PRDD
Zonas del pie
Pres
ione
s (k
Pa)
PROFESIONALESAFICIONADOS
(Sole pressures )
(Zones of the foot)
(Pressures)
The Study
Material & Methods: Biomechanic Study
Definition of Gestures:
Gesture 1: Race at slow speed or trote
Gesture 2: Jump
5 repetitions of each subject -5 test subjects
Fotocélulas
3 m 6 m
0.35 m
Methods & Materials: BiomechanicStudy
Identification of Synthetic Grass
SyntheticGrass Type
ElasticLayer(MM)
PileHeight(MM)
Sand(KG) InfillType Infill weight(KG/Meter)
1 --------- 60 18 SBR 14
2 25 45 4,5 GEO 9
3 25 45 20 SBR 8
Results: Biomechanic Study
Damping of Impacts-Acceleration in head
-Maximum angle support-Maximum flight angle Stability
Maximum pressure per sections of the foot
Results
Results.Biomechanic Study
Accelerations in the tibia bone. Slow Race.
(Estimated Marginal Measures of the tibia bone) (Synthetic Grass)
(Estimated Marginal Averages)
(Subject)
Results.Biomechanic Study
Acceleration in the head. Slow race.
( Estimated Marginal Measures of the head)
(Subject)
(Estimated Marginal Averages)
(Synthetic Grass)
Results. Biomechanic Study
Angle of support. Slow race.
(Estimated Marginal measures of maximum angle of support)
(Subject)
(Synthetic Grass)
(Estimated Marginal Measures)
Results. Biomechanic Study
Angle of support. Slow race.
(Estimated Marginal Measures of maximum angle of speed) (Synthetic Grass)
(Subject)
(Estimated Marginal Measures)
Result: Biomechanic Study
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
1 2 3Pavimento
Ace
l. tib
ia (g
)
Acceleration in jump
(Synthetic Grass)
(Acceleration inTibia bone)
Results: Biomechanic Study
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1 2 3
Pavimento
Ace
l. ca
beza
(º)
Acceleration in the head-Jump
(Synthetic Grass)
(Acceleration in the head)
Result: Biomechanic Study
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
1 2 3Pavimento
Áng
ulo
máx
imo
(º
Angle of the knee during the support-Jump
(Synthetic Grass)
(Maximum Angle)
Result: Biomechanic Study
StabilityDistributionof foot pressure
(Zones of the foot)
(Sole Pressures)
(Synthetic Grass 1,2,3)
Results: Biomechanic Study
Pav-1
Pav-2
Pav-3
StabilityDistribution of foot pressure
(Zones of the foot)
(Sole Pressures)
(Synthetic Grass 1,2,3)
Conclusion
Conclusion: BiomechanicStudy
Synthetic Grass filled with GEO provoke less accelerations then synthetic grass filled with elastic cover and other fillings
Less levels of impact are seen in the phase of support in the knee of the athletes
Conclusion: BiomechanicStudy
The jump studies, haven't generated any change in the behavior of the synthetic grass
That’s why we can conclude that in a slow race, synthetic grass with elastic layer are provoking levels of impact
Conclusion: Biomechanic Study
The distribution of sole pressure lets us verify that in slow races synthetic grass provokes less pressure is number 3 (synthetic grass with elastic layer and filling SBR)
For the jump, the distribution of sole pressure lets us verify how provoked pressures in the sole are less for synthetic grass 2( synthetic grass with elastic layer and filling GEO).
